Teachers and Students

1. PROSTAGLANDINS
Dr. ASHOK KUMAR. J
International Medical School
Management and Science University
Malaysia

3. CLASSIFICATION

4. Prostaglandins
First discovered in human semen
by Ulf von Euler (of Sweden)
• Isolated from prostate gland and hence
named them as prostaglandin
• Later realized that PGs are synthesized in
almost all the tissues( exception
erythrocytes)

6. PGA PGB PGC PGD
According to the attachment of different substituent groups to the
ring, PGs are named with capital letters such as A, B, E and F

7. PGE PGF PGG & PGH PGI
PGF is designated as PGF α to denote the projection of the OH group at C9 in naturally
occurring prostaglandins
PGG: Two oxygen atoms present at C9 and C 11 are bonded with hydroperoxide
group at C15
PGH : Two oxygen atoms present at C9 and C 11 are bonded with hydroxyl
group at C15

8. Depending on number of double bonds on the side chains
different series (e.g. PGE1, PGE2, PGE3)

9. Synthesis
Membrane phospholipids
Arachidonic acid
Prostanoids
Prostaglandins (PGs);
Prostacyclins (PGIs);
Thromboxanes (TXs)
Epnephrine
Thrombin
Angiotensin II
Bradykinin
Vasopressin
+
-
-

10. PGG and PGH are
intermediates in the
synthesis
PGs are widely
distributed in the
body PGD2, PGE2,
PGF2 and PGI2 and
thromboxane A2
Thromboxanes have
6 membered
oxane ring

11. • Function through G-protein coupled receptors
• Prostaglandins have only very short half life of about 30 seconds
• Inactivated by the 15-hydroxy-prostaglandin-dehydrogenase
• which converts 15-OH group to keto group

13. • PGI2
• Vasodilatation dilatation
• PGA and PGE class prostaglandins lower blood
pressure
• Inhibits platelet aggregation
Effects on CVS
Effects on
Respiratory tract
PGF -Bronchoconstriction
PGE -Bronchodilator

14. Effects on uterus
PGF2
Inducing labor
PGE2
decreases lipolysis,increases calcium
mobilization from bone and glycogen synthesis
Metabolic Effects

15. PGE2 and D2
Involved in inflammatory response
Effects
Inflammation
PGE2
suppress gastric acid secretion
used therapeutically in treatment of acid peptic disease
Diarrhea is the side effect
Effects on GIT

16. PGE2
• Produced in hypothalamus causes increased body
Pain and fever
temperature
• Involved in causing pain during inflammation

17. • First isolated from blood platelets,
thrombocytes
• Capital letters – designate class
• Subscript number denotes number
of double bonds
Thromboxanes [TX]
(Most common
TXA2)

18. Thromboxanes - FUNCTIONS
Increase platelet aggregation
Vasoconstriction
Smooth muscle contraction ; Bronchoconstriction

19. • Leukotrienes were so named because they
were initially described in leucocytes
• Synthesized by leucocytes, mast cells, lung,
heart, spleen etc.
Leukotrienes

20. FUNCTIONS
Role in inflammation and allergic reactions
Contraction of smooth muscles : Bronchoconstriction
Increases Chemotaxis

21. Thank you