The field of aviation is long overdue for a major transformation, according to George Bye, founder of Bye Energy, and Charlie Johnson, former President of Cessna. Bye Energy, an integrator of alternative energy and renewable fuel technologies for business and general aviation aircraft, has launched “The Green Flight Project” to enhance the development of an electric and electric-hybrid propulsion system (EHPS) for commercial application. The objective of the project is to design and integrate an EHPS into a full-scale proof of concept airplane and to demonstrate that electric hybrid propulsion is safe, viable and economic – reducing cost, noise and CO2 impact from aircraft. Over the past year, Bye Energy has forged relationships with multiple technical partners including Vertical Power, Inc. for the energy management system, Porous Power Technologies, LLC for the lithium-ion battery and separator technology, Scion Aviation, LLC for composite parts and materials, and Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc. for thin film photovoltaics. You can see more about the Green Flight Project in ColoradoBiz Magazine. George Bye, CEO, and Charlie Johnson, COO, will review aviation-related technology, market past, present and future, and discuss the unique and transformational characteristics of electric and electric-hybrid propulsion on general aviation.

1. The Green Flight Project is a collaborative effort between alternative energy and aerospace industries resulting in the creation of
an electric and hybrid propulsion system for aviation. The Green Flight Project is established to support the vital research and
development of this potentially transformational technology application. It will demonstrate on a proof of concept aircraft that
electric hybrid propulsion is safe, viable and economic – reducing cost, noise and CO2 impact from aircraft.
In addition to supporting the necessary capital resources for this research and demonstration through sponsorships, The Green
Flight Project will promote education opportunities and public awareness through the media and multiple event venues.
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2. Electric Propulsion Advantages
High Reliability, Safety: Electric motor Safety and reliability
Lower Op Cost: multi-fold benefit (Operating Cost reduced); Maintenance reduced
Improved Performance: Higher ceiling, higher TAS, higher climb rate
Maintenance: MTBF improved; Annual Maintenance and TBO costs greatly reduced
Pollution; Noise: Environmental benefits include reduced fuel use/combustion, almost
silent taxi, and low noise flying, reduced pilot fatigue

3. Photo credit: Jean-Marie Urlacher
“The future is great for electric hybrid “The time to accelerate incorporation “As we look at the landscape of alternative
propulsion aircraft. Savings to pilot- of this new hybrid technology has fuels for general aviation aircraft, the electric
owners, including reduced ownership arrived. General Aviation is a vital power plant offers significant benefits, but
and maintenance costs, environmental market that will benefit from the there are significant challenges to get there.
benefits and improved safety will environmentally friendly, lower cost, We believe Bye Energy has gotten off to a
forever change the face of General more efficient and higher performing good start in understanding those challenges
Aviation.” aircraft.” and how to overcome them.”
George E. Bye Charles B. Johnson Jack Pelton
CEO Bye Energy COO Bye Energy CEO Cessna

4. Strategic Advisory Council
Emanuel Anton, Anton Law Alexandre Couvelaire, Al Givray, Partner, DGS Law.
Group (ITAR, Aviation, IP) President, Euralair Aviation, commercial finance,
cross-border transactions and IP
Hugh H. (‘Bugs’) Forsythe, John C. Knudsen Aviation Marion Jenkins PhD, CEO of
Major General, USAFR ret. attorney, former cofounder, QSE Technologies
President of Adam Aircraft
Ian Massey, former CFO,
Airbus, Vought Aircraft and Jennifer Nealson, Principal, Jack Pelton, President, CEO,
Pinnacle Airlines director EMERGE Strategy Group Cessna Aircraft Company
John Plaza, Founder, CEO, Julien Porcher, Head of Joe Prater, Col. USAF ret., banker,
Imperium Renewables, ATP, College Administrator, F-16 Wing
Customer Service, MBDA
former airline pilot
Missile Systems (EADS) Commander, Thunderbird
Richard F. Schaden Aviation Paul Schumacher, former
attorney, ATP, Beyond the Edge Mark Van Tine, President,
Lockheed Martin ‘Skunk Works’
founder, founding partner CEO, Jeppesen
exec, Raytheon exec
Consumer Capital Partners, AA
Engineer
Joe Walker, CEO of Dornier Mason C. Whitney, Major Gregg Williams, President,
Seaplane. Former President General, USAFR ret., Dir. Office
Williams International
Adam Aircraft, SVP Sales of Homeland Security, (CO)
Gulfstream formerly Adjutant General

5. Electric Airplanes
SkySpark E-Spyder
ElectraFlyer X Yuneec E430
Pipistrel Taurus Electro Elektra One
Sonex Antares

6. Configuration
Thin film solar cells
Electric motor-generator
VERD
VP, low RPM
Propeller, RDD
ESU 1, 2, 3, 4
Aircraft shown for illustration purposes only
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7. Cessna 172 Description
Cessna 172 Typical Motor Glider
1. Aspect Ratio: 7.32 29
2. L/Dmax: 11 50
3. Drag Force, Area: 210 lb force, 5.58 ft2 Less
4. Thrust Required Min 41 hp, 30.6 kW Less
5. Minimum Sink: 600 fpm*/60 knots 112 fpm/45 knots
6. Maximum Climb: 730 fpm on 160 hp 800 fpm on 115 hp
7. Stall AOA: ~14 degrees Varies
8. Characteristics: Roll, pitch, yaw (excellent) Varies
Cessna 172 most produced GA aircraft: 43,000 units
*Fixed Pitch vs Variable Pitch Propeller
Relatively Large Parasite Drag
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8. Cessna 172N Description
Item Weight
Engine O-360, frame, exhaust, fuel sys, etc. 400 lb
Conventional Propeller Keep (to be replaced later) 0 lb
Cowl, firewall forward items Remove 45 lb
Aircraft Battery Remove battery, cables, shelf 40 lb
Seats, Upholstery Remove back seats 70 lb
Avionics Remove all unnecessary 10 lb
Total 525 lb
Remove
Pilot, Pax, Luggage Equivalent Weight 569 lb
Fuel Replacement 42 gallons (Equivalent Weight) 252 lb
1,386 lb
Motor (air cooled) 48 lbs
All-Electric Motor mount, shelves, cowl Scion Aerospace, Bye Engr. 35 lb
Controller (air-cooled) 13 lb
Battery Units (62 kWh) Lithium-Ion 764 lbs
BMS, Plug-in, Cables, Containers 20 lb
Electronic Controls, DU Vertical Power, Bye Engr 10 lb
Thin Film PV 5 lb
Total 895 lb Replace
1,295 lb
Pilot, Passenger, Luggage 400 lb
Reserve 20% design goal: 150 lb 91 lb
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9. Program Schedule
Proof of Concept Cessna 172
Motor and Battery Only
• Start: February 18, 2010
• Roll-out: 4th Qtr 2010
• First taxi : 4th Qtr 2010
• First flight: 1st Qtr 2011
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10. EHPS Architecture Solar Energy
Thin Film Photo Voltaic on wing
surface solar energy collection
Pilot Display & Control
Automatic , manual features
RDD: Kinetic and Potential Energy -Future-
Thrust or regenerative drag energy recovery. Prop
pitch settings provided through energy mgt sys
Electric Motor and Controller 24V-28V Avionics Bus
Managed energy for thrust or regenerative
energy for battery
Vortex Energy
Mechanical recovery of vortex
energy from wingtips through
small generators
FP vs VP Propeller
Large Parasite Drag
Energy Management
Solid state energy mgt, protection
350V Main Electric Bus
APU
Chemical Energy Auxiliary Power Unit,
ELP Li-Ion battery provide energy and power fuel and generator for
Internal battery management system increased endurance
-Future-
Ground based
Thermal
Temperature
charging system
delta metal film
energy recovery
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11. Motor
E n g i n e s h o w n f o r i l l u s t r a t i o n p u r p o s e s o n l y
48 lb 400 lb (300 lb dry wt)
160 hp (3.3 hp/lb) 160 hp (0.46 hp/lb)
95% efficient 25% efficient
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12. Controller
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13. Solid State Electric Power Management and Display
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14. 1.0 to 1.25 kW
Thin
Light Weight
Efficient
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15. New Tech Battery Cells: Safe
Li-Ion recyclable
$5 - $10 per op hr
Highly Flammable
CO2, Leaded
$35 - $50 per op hr
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16. Scion Aviation, Precision Aircraft Batteries
will work together under Electric Motors
contract with Bye Engineering
and its aerospace engineering
talent to obtain the necessary
aircraft aerodynamic design
changes and required structural
design modifications.
Mounting Frame
and Brackets
Low drag, reduced
cross-section cowl
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17. Motor and Battery Unit Mounting
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18. Phase 1 System
Motor and Controller
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19. Phase 1 Test
‘Iron bird’ test will precede
Phase 1 ground and flight test
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21. Conclusion
Project Launched!
High Reliability, Safety: Electric motor Safety and reliability
Lower Op Cost: Multi-fold benefit (Operating Cost reduced); Maintenance reduced
Improved Performance: Higher ceiling, higher TAS, higher climb rate
Maintenance: MTBF improved; Annual Maintenance and TBO costs reduced
Polution; Noise: Environmental benefits include reduced fuel use/combustion, reduced
pilot fatigue, silent taxi, and low noise flying
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