This document provides an overview of head and neck anatomy and histology. It discusses the importance of understanding head and neck anatomy for diagnosis, staging, and determining appropriate therapy for diseases localized to or extending from the head and neck region. Key areas covered include the suprahyoid and infrahyoid neck, larynx, nasopharynx, oropharynx, oral cavity, lymph nodes, and histology of various structures. The document emphasizes differences in lymphatic drainage and metastatic potential based on embryonic origin of parts of the larynx.
2. Why so important?
■ Communication with surgeons, radiologists
■ Aiding the diagnosis
■ Staging
■ Therapy depends on localization and extension of disease.
4. The Division??
■ Two embryological separate parts of the larynx
■ The supraglottis has buccopharyngeal origin: rich lymphatic pathways LN metastases
are more frequent
■ The glottis and the subglottis are derived from the tracheobronchial buds: fewer
lymphatic pathways, Rare LN metastasis
11. The oral cavity is
separated from the
oropharynx by
■ the anterior tonsillar pillars
■ the circumvallate papillae,
■ Junction of soft and hard palate
16. Retromolar Gingiva
(Retromolar
Trigone).
■ This is the attached mucosa
overlying the ascending
ramus of the mandible from
the level of the posterior
surface of the last molar
tooth and the apex
superiorly, adjacent to the
tuberosity of the maxilla.
23. Epiglottis: stratified squamous epithelium similar to oral cavity, with modified
salivary glands that secrete thick mucous;
False vocal cords and other supraglottic larynx: ciliated, columnar epithelium,with
submucosal modified salivary gland epithelium
Glottis: space between two vocal cords
Hypopharynx: covered by non-keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium; contains
mucosal glands, scattered lymphoid aggregates and rich lymphatic plexus
True vocal cords: stratified squamous epithelium with no / rare submucosal glands
Subglottic larynx: epithelium resembles trachea / major bronchi - ciliated columnar
epithelium with submucosal glands
24. ■ The epiglottic epithelium is stratified and
squamous.The epithelium in the false
cords is ciliated columnar, whereas the
epithelium in the true cords is stratified
squamous.
25. In case of tumor invasion of the anterior
commissure, all neighboring structures
are at risk for neoplastic all neighboring
structures are at risk for neoplastic
destruction