1. Prevention and control of zoonotic
disease in companion animals
Dr.Shilpi Das
Deputy Asst Director
National Centre for Disease Control
Delhi
Dr.Sashanka Sekhar Dutta
Chief functionary-JBF-India Trust
(Just be friendly)

2. Our
Companions

3. Zoonoses
An infectious disease transmissible under natural conditions
between vertebrate animals and human beings
“A dictionary of Epidemiology” 3rd edition ,1995 editied by John M.Last

4. Importance of Zoonoses
1,415 microbes are infectious for
human
Of these 868 (61%) are considered zoonotic.
70% of newly recognized pathogens are
zoonoses

5. Diseases that can be transmitted from animals
to human
Category Diseases
Bacterial Salmonellosis, Brucellosis, Cat Scratch
Disease,Leptospriosis,Lyme disease
Viral Rabies, Monkey Pox, Influenza,Hendra
Fungal Dermatophytosis,
Aspergillosis,sarcoptes
Parasitic
Protozoal Babesiosis,Leishmaniasis,Toxoplsmosis
Helminth Toxocariasis, Hydatidosis,Cysticercosis

6. How is zoonotic disease transmitted ?

7. Prevention and control of Zoonotic
diseases

8. Prevention of zoonotic disease
Animal oriented
Human oriented

9. Animal Hygiene
Animal hygiene is important because it may transmit
disease like ringworm,lyme disease, food poisoning
&Toxoplasmosis.
Animal cleanliness Clean Kennel/ Oral cleanliness
housing

10. Vaccinating animals
SPECIES VACCINES
Dogs Rabies, Distemper, infectious canine hepatitis,
leptospirosis, parvovirus, kennel cough (Bordetella
bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza virus).
Cats Feline infectious enteritis, feline leukemia, Chlamydia, cat
'flu' (feline herpes virus and feline calicivirus
Rabbits Myxomatosis, viral hemorrhagic disease
Pigeons Paramyxovirus, pigeon pox ,infectious bronchitis,

11. Diet Visit to Vet
Healthy Diet is • Ensure health of the
healthy immunity animal
• Early diagnosis

12. Human oriented

13. Maintaining personnel hygiene
:
Worms &Germs blog
DF2-bacillus is found in about 8% of healthy dog.
Pasterulla multocida is a common commensual of upper
respiratory tract of dogs (prevalence 12-55%) and cats
(prevalence 52-90%).
Hemophylus,streptococcous,Diphylidium caninum infection may
be transmitted by dogs.

14. Visit to Doctor
Consult your physician May be fatal

15. Role of Veterinarian and Medicos in preventing
zoonotic disease
Diagnosis Surveillance & reporting
Intersectoral coordination

16. Endemic zoonotic diseases of public health
importance in India and its challenges
Disease Challenge
Rabies Surveillance
Intersectoral coordination
Brucellosis Strengthening of
Toxoplasmosis diagnostic facilities
Awareness
Cysticercosis
Echinococcos
Food borne zoonoses

17. Role of Govt agencies and NGOs in
preventing zoonoses
Registration Pets
IEC activities
Setup of laboratories
Surveillance and information sharing
Intersectoral coordination

18. Existing Activities for Prevention & Control of
Zoonotic Disease
•Facilities for Diagnosis ---------- BSL 2, BSL 3, BSL4
•Trained manpower development
•National Programmes/Projects
•Operational guidelines on prevention and control of
various diseases
•Disease surveillance
•Applied Research

19. Areas need to be strengthened
•Assessment of Magnitude
•Strengthening of diagnostic facilities
•Strengthening intersectoral co-ordination
•Strengthening emergency preparedness
•Strengthening IEC, health education and risk
education
•Strengthening disease surveillance through
IDSP
•Building Public Private Partnership
•Collaborative research
•Collaboration at national, regional and
international level

20. Special reference to Rabies

21. Disease Rabies
Acute progressive viral encephalomyelitis which can infect all
mammals and is usually fatal.
Case fatality rate highest of any infectious disease, 60,000 people
die annually.
The disease is caused by viral infection with a Lyssavirus

22. Worldwide
more than 98 %
of the human
rabies deaths
follow exposure INDIA
Endemic except
to a rabid dog!
in Lakshadweep
and Andaman.
India accounts for
Although rabies viruses are endemic on 36% of the Global
five of seven continents, the geographic and 65% of the
distributions of the other lyssaviruses Asian human
are more localized: rabies deaths.

23. Epidemiology in India
Reservoir
•Major : Dog
•Estimated dog population : 25 million
•Majority : stray, un-owned and unprotected
Animal bites
•Estimated 17.4 million/ yr
•No age or sex predilections
•Higher incidence in children and males
•30-50% PEP given to children 5-14 yrs

24. After replication in the
brain
Bite of rabid animal Transmission Spread to periphery
Mucus membrane & (salivary glands –
excretion, other organs)
exposure
Aerosols (bat caves,
Pathogenesis
mishandling)
Brain
Transneuronal
movement toward CNS
Site of rabies
infection

25. People at risk should take Pre exposure
vaccination

26. Pre exposure prophylaxis of rabies
vaccine
DAY
0 7 28 Booster
after 1yr
Individual who have completed the pre exposure schedule
should have to take 0 and 3 day of vaccine after bite without
any serum.
High exposure risk people should have there neutralizing
antibody titre checked every 6 months

27. Principles of Treatment
Wound treatment
(It is a Medical urgency if not Emergency)
Vaccination : Post exposure vaccination (I/M or I/D
route)
Immunoglobulins/anti sera : Category III bite
Advice to patient

28. Govt initiative in control of Rabies in India
A pilot project was undertaken with the objective of
reducing mortality due to rabies in human .
• Enhancing awareness
• Training of health professionals
• Operationalize ID route in selected centers
• Strengthen diagnostic capabilities
• Interface with animal husbandry department
• Involvement of NGOs and Community
Future activities:
• Human component
• Animal component

29. Function of Rabies laboratory
(a)Provide laboratory facilities for the diagnosis of
rabies in animal and human post mortem specimens
and antemortem specimens from hydrophobia
cases.
(b) Assessment of anti rabies antibodies in humans
and animals vaccinated with different vaccines
(assessment of vaccine efficacy).

30. Reservoir Vector Early clinical
control Global Control recognition and
Surveillance prompt
Diagnostic intervention
facilities
Control of Zoonotic Infections
Improved public Prudent
Health
Immunizations Educat health antimicrobial
ion infrastructure Intersectoral usage
co-ordination
Approaches to coping with zoonotic infections

31. The total benefit of having a companion is higher
than the fear of zoonotic disease .
THANK YOU