ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF POSTGRADUATES IN MEDICINE by Dr.T.V.Rao MD A GUEST TALK BY Dr.T.V.Rao MD – At AZEEZIA MEDICAL COLLEGE KOLLAM on 30th June ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF POSTGRADUATES IN MEDICINE I am Thankful to the Management, Medical Director, Principal, Vice Principal and Dr. Sudha and Dr Vivek for the support in delivering the lectures, Hope many postgraduate make their career a great success Dr.T.V.Rao MD Chairperson, Ethical Committee of Azeezia Medical College, Kollam A GUEST TALK BY Dr.T.V.Rao MD – At AZEEZIA MEDICAL COLLEGE KOLLAM on 30th June ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF POSTGRADUATES IN MEDICINE I am Thankful to the Management, Medical Director, Principal, Vice Principal and Dr. Sudha and Dr Vivek for the support in delivering the lectures, Hope many postgraduate make their career a great success Dr.T.V.Rao MD Chairperson, Ethical Committee of Azeezia MeA GUEST TALK BY Dr.T.V.Rao MD – At AZEEZIA MEDICAL COLLEGE KOLLAM on 30th June ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF POSTGRADUATES IN MEDICINE I am Thankful to the Management, Medical Director, Principal, Vice Principal and Dr. Sudha and Dr Vivek for the support in delivering the lectures, Hope many postgraduate make their career a great success Dr.T.V.Rao MD Chairperson, Ethical Committee of Azeezia Medical College, Kollam dical College, Kollam

1. ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF POSTGRADUATES IN
MEDICINE
Dr.T.V.Rao MD
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 1

2. Medicine is a imperfect science, loaded with
difference of opinions, many conflicts, matters
dealt carelessly leads to litigations and increased
human suffering or even death,
HOW SAFELY WE PRACTICE MAKES
DIFFEENCE TO OUR CARRER
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 2

3. Who is a Post graduate Trainee
•There is increasing
discussion about” a
Trainer or post
graduate is a person
with some seniority
within the clinical
team
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4. Never forget every postgraduate is Student
and an Expert in Emergency Hours
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5. Patient safety
•Patient safety is at the core of standards. Just as
good medical students and doctors make the
care of their patients their first concern, so must
the organisations that educate and train medical
students and doctors. In non-clinical learning
environments, there should also be a culture of
promoting patient safety
AS IN LABORATORY MEDICINE
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 5

6. Why we should create a Better
learning environment
•The learner’s* ability to
develop the appropriate
professional values,
knowledge, skills and
behaviours is influenced
by the learning
environment and culture
in which they are
educated and trained.
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 6

7. Patient protection is a priority
•Patient safety is
inseparable from a
good learning
environment and
culture that values
and supports
learners and
educators.28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 7

8. All Trainees should be kept under observation
at least in the early period of Training
•Clinical Supervisor This is a
consultant who has a
clearly defined
responsibility to oversee
and manage an individual
trainee’s clinical training
and performance within the
department for the period
of that specific clinical
placement28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 8

9. Patient Safety is a top priority
•we will now make sure
that education and
training takes place
where patients are
safe, the care and
experience of patients
is good, and education
and training are
valued.28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 9

10. Never leave the Gaps
Hand over the Matter for better running of the matters
•Ensure safe handover.
They should ensure
that the care of
patients during the
period of duty has
been safely handed
over to any incoming
clinician emergency
duty post graduate28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 10

11. MEDICAL DOCUMENTATION
WHAT YOU WRITE IS LEGALLY DONE
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 11

12. Medical Documentation
• In the legal system,
documentation is regarded
as an essential element.
Extending the risk
management dimension,
failure to document relevant
data is itself considered a
significant breach of and
deviation from the standard
of care.
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 12

13. However documentation is part
of legal jeopardy
• Of course, protection from legal
jeopardy is far from the only
reason for documentation in
clinical care
• The patient's record provides
the only enduring version of the
care as it evolves over time and
a reference work of value in
emergency care, research, and
quality assurance.
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 13

14. Document appropriate records
•Writing more is not the
solution; simply writing
with greater efficiency
will cut down on time
spent in documentation.
•Appropriate decisions
saves the life and the
Doctors Insittuions
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 14

15. Pitfalls and Pointers in Documentation
• The primary pitfall in
documentation is
attempted alteration. The
most critical advice in
documentation is that one
should never attempt to
change an existing record.
Do not insert, use little
arrows, add inter-
lineations, etc
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 15

16. Our proper records defend us
•Within the nightmare of
a malpractice suit
brought against a
physician, a solid
documented chart in
one's hand is universally
recognized as one of the
critical elements of the
best defence.
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 16

17. Our Aim is to Make the Good Medical
Practices work in all Hospitals
•Learners receive
educational and pastoral
support to be able to
demonstrate what is
expected in Good
medical practice and to
achieve the learning
outcomes required by
their curriculum.
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 17

18. Good Teacher will make good Students
• They are expected to
maintain and continue to
develop knowledge and
skills on an ongoing basis
through continuing
professional development.
Educators are involved in
and contribute to the
learning environment and
culture.
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 18

19. Role of Post Graduate Director
one of the Academic person can be nominated
•Be familiar with the
individual’s learning
objectives, ensure that
the trainee has a
timetable which enables
them to gain the desired
experience and be able
to credibly test
completion of these
objectives28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 19

20. Managing Doctors in Training
•Managing doctors in training is complex due
to the dual role that trainees are in.
• They are in a training programme and so are
the responsibility of the Deanery and their
team.
• They are supported in their training locally by
employer and the medical education team
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21. Learning New Information is a
priority
Journal Club is easier option
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 21

22. Definition
•A journal club is a group of individuals who
meet regularly to critically evaluate recent
articles in the academic literature,
generally of some branch of science as
Medicine, science or philosophy. Journal
clubs are usually organized around a
defined subject in basic or applied
research.28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 22

23. Purpose and Goal of Journal Club
•The goal of Journal Club is to introduce
medical Students, resident doctors, or
even senior faculty to the principles of
clinical topics, scientific topics in
relation to health care required to
critically appraise published clinical
research literature.
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 23

24. Valuable part of Journal Club
• The value of a journal club is
that it can promote a better
understanding of the
research process and an
improved ability to critically
appraise research. Reading
and critiquing research is
most beneficial for critical
care doctors and nurses, as it
facilitates the evaluation of
research for use in clinical
practice.
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 24

25. Present the article with Scientific Basis
• Based on what you are
currently learning and what
you already know, read the
article with a critical eye.
Consider hypothesis, study
design, bias, methods of
analyses used, etc. How can
readers make sense of the
numbers in the tables? Are
the results reproducible?
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26. Purpose of the presentation
•The general purpose of
a journal club is to
facilitate the review of
a specific research
study and to discuss
implications of the
study for clinical
practice.
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 26

27. Cut and Paste is OK in
presentation of complex tables
• Typically, cut and paste tables
and figures.
Since you'll have already
distributed hardcopies of the
article, don't worry too much
about reformatting tables for
readability on the screen
Just point to the sections of
interest and let the audience
flip through their hardcopies to
read the data directly.
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28. Must come to some conclusions at the end of presentation
Conclude by Managing Presentation
•Conclusions/ Implications
(1 slide)
• Strengths
(1 slide)
• Weaknesses
(1 slide)
• Discussion Points
(1 slide)
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29. Please inform the participants on the Matters
you are presenting
• Post and distribute
copies of the research
article and the journal
club discussion
questions to
interested persons
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 29

30. Mentor's Role
•Help residents identify appropriate article
that fits pre-specified design of the month.
Meet with residents 1-2 weeks before Journal
Club to discuss paper and prepare. Lead a 30-
40 min. discussion of the paper and related
topics in critical appraisal following the
residents' presentation at Journal Club.
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 30

31. Residents Role
• Residents and Post graduates
select a recent article and clear it
with assigned Journal Club
mentor. ( Can be HOD or Senior
Faculty ) They read the article
and arrange a meeting with the
mentor at least one week before
Journal Club to discuss strengths
and weaknesses, identify
teaching points, and outline
approach to presentation.28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 31

32. Select an article
•Consider articles on
topics of interest to you
that will generate
conversation. Also
consider topics
discussed at the Journal
Club meetings earlier in
the year…variety is a
good thing
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 32

33. Updating the people on Information
•A journal club has been
defined as an educational
meeting in which a group
of individuals discuss
current articles,
providing a forum for a
collective effort to keep
up with the literature
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 33

34. Never Forget to Incorporate the following
matters
•It should outline "Hypothesis/Goal;“
"Study Design;"
"Setting;“
"Participants;"
"Data Collection;“
"Main Outcome;“
"Analytic Method."
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 34

35. Encourage more people view your
presentation
•eg, encourage more
attendance, hold
more than one
session, programs
can be uploaded in
internet the session
for those unable to
attend.28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 35

36. Mentor's Role
•Help residents identify appropriate article
that fits pre-specified design of the month.
Meet with residents 1-2 weeks before Journal
Club to discuss paper and prepare. Lead a 30-
40 min. discussion of the paper and related
topics in critical appraisal following the
residents' presentation at Journal Club.
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 36

37. Trouble Shooting
A number of tricks
seemed to help.
Answering
individuals’ own
questions is central
to both education
and motivation.
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 37

38. Presentation not more than 15 minutes
•Must be limited
to 15 minutes to
allow plenty of
time for
teaching and
discussion
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 38

39. Encourage greater participation from many
experts
•Early on, people seem
keen to come up with
questions focused on the
rare, unusual, and
wonderful diagnoses
they have bumped into
rather than questions
about their everyday
practice
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 39

40. Encourage greater participation from many
experts
•Early on, people seem
keen to come up with
questions focused on the
rare, unusual, and
wonderful diagnoses
they have bumped into
rather than questions
about their everyday
practice
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 40

41. Feed back is essential to know what
the people except from us
•Evaluate the journal club
(eg, at the end of the
session, gather feedback
from participants).
Determine how the next
journal club meeting
could be made more
beneficial,
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 41

42. Make your Program Interesting
•Rule of thumb Oral 10%
Visual 35% Oral & 65%
Visual Source: Najjar, LJ
(1998) Principles of
educational multimedia
user interface design
•Use combinations of text
and images which are
memorable.”
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 42

43. Soon you have to Write a
synopsis and present before
the Ethical Committee
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 43

44. Do not worry It is easier if you think wisely
and supported by your seniors and Mentor
•Rather than being daunted by the enormity of such a
task, break it down. Do it step by step.
•The first step, of course, is realizing that you're going
to have to write a synopsis -- if you intend to present,
that is. The best time to realize this is just before you
sit down with your manuscript for the final reading
preparatory to declaring the thing completed.
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 44

45. Write an Appropriated Synopsis
• First, acceptable length. One
guideline is to allow one
synopsis page for every twenty-
five pages of manuscript, I
personally consider two pages
ideal, and have distilled
synopses down to a single tight
page. If you've written a
thoroughly intriguing synopsis,
don't worry if it's ten or more
pages long -- but it had better be
gripping.
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 45

46. Make matters simple
•Our actions to be
•Simple
•Sweet and
•Smart
•But not long jargons
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 46

47. Make it Interesting it is the face of your work
• Edit, edit, edit, if you have to!
Always keeping in mind that the
synopsis must remain interesting
and supply the necessary
information. Yes, this is the
hardest part. Don't know what
to cut? Lose the adjectives and
adverbs; keep the motivation
and "flavor" of the story
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 47

48. Prepare your Synopsis with Dedication
•Sit down to that final
reading with a pen and
paper beside you. As you
finish reading each
chapter, write down a
one- or two-paragraph
summary of what
happened where, and to
which character, in that
chapter28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 48

49. Your Thesis is passport to
attend University
Examination
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 49

50. Don’t omit any of these:
•Title (and title page) -
conveys a message
•Abstract - for the
librarian
•Contents Listing - shows
the right things are there
•Acknowledgements - get
your supervisor on your
side!28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 50

51. What can be content of best Thesis Work
•Introduction - says “I am
going to look at the following
things”.
•Review of Previous Work -
show you know the subject
•Philosophy of Approach -
show you can pick out
important ideas succinctly
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 51

52. What can be content of best Thesis Work
•Plan to Impress - show
you approached the
problem in a
systematic way
•Description of the
work - details, so that
others can follow what
you did
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 52

53. Making a good content of Thesis
•Critical analysis of the
results - show you know
its limitations
•Future Work - show you
know what’s missing
•Conclusions - repetition
of the intro, but with
reference to the detail.
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 53

54. Complete with Caution and integrity
•References - Cover the
field; examiners will
look for the key
references
•Appendices - Nitty
Gritty details that
would clutter your
eloquent description
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 54

55. Not good Ideas in Thesis writing
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 55

56. Bibliography
• Keep a database of complete references
• Use a consistent citation style
• Use a tool
• Bibtex, Refer, Endnote, ProCite, or whatever.
• New tools: Mendeley, Zotero, CiteULike,…
• Attention to detail is important
• Get the spellings right
• Keep complete references
• page numbers, volume numbers, editors names, locations and dates for
conference
• proceedings, etc
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 56

57. Find out what the local rules are for
citation style
• If there are no local rules, use
[Author, Year] format
• This improves readability by
saving the reader flicking to the
back
• Assume the reader is familiar
with the main references
• But that doesn’t mean you
should skip them!
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 57

58. Be familiar with Thesis writing from
beginning of your post graduation
•Start writing today (never tomorrow)
• Make up a title page for inspiration
• Write down your argument succinctly
• Turn the argument into a chapter plan
• Maintain a binder of stuff to put into these
chapters
• Don’t be afraid to change the plan
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 58

59. My Advice to all before I complete the
Topic
•Never forget you are the Future Leaders
of Profession Tomorrow think different,
work hard and do things with sincerity as
there are no short cuts in Medicine
28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 59

60. Emerging Challenge to Many who
Wish to be Promoted
Publish or Perish
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61. 28-06-2016 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 61