1. MUSCLES AND
BONES
The musculoskeletal system

2. THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
 The musculoskeletal system is composed of many muscles and bones.
Its lets you move different parts of your body and get you around from
one place to another.
Garfield can runs with his musculoskeletal system

3. THE FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETON
 Humans have got an internal skeleton. It is made of 206 different bones.
The skeleton perfoms three main functions:
· Its supports the body and helps to keep its shape.
· Its protects the body’s soft, internal organs.
· It is connected to muscles that move the different bones.
Bones are made of bone cells that form bone tissue. These cells can
grow and reproduce to repair broken bones.

4. THE SKELETON:
Supports the body Protects the body’s soft
Your feets carry all the weight of your The ribs protects organs like the heart or
body. the lungs

5. BONES ARE MADE OF…

6. JOINTS
Joints are parts of the skeleton when two or more bones
are connected. In some joints, there are elastic tissues
called ligaments that keep the bones together.

7. THE MOVEMENTS OF THE KNEE JOINT

8. MUSCLES
 Muscles can contract and relax to move different
parts of the body. Some muscles are connected to
bones by long, non-elastic fibres called tendons.
When the muscles contract, they pull on the
tendons and move the bones.

9. THE HUMAN SKELETON
 Bones can be different shapes and sizes. There’re
long bones, short bones, flat bones and cilyndrical
bones
← The femur is a long, cilyndrical bone
The parietal is a flat bone →
← The vertebrae is a short bone

10. THE HUMAN SKELETON
 We can put the bones of the human skeleton into three
groups:
· the bones of the head
· the bones of the trunk
· the bones of the extremities

11. THE HUMAN SKELETON

12. THE BONES OF THE HEAD
 The bones of the head form the skull (or cranium). These bones protect
the brain and they also form the face.

13. THE BONES OF THE TRUNK
 The bones of the trunk include the spinal column, the sternum
and the ribs.
· The spinal column is made of smaller bones called
vertebrae. The spinal column supports the head and
it also protects the spinal cord.
· The sternum and the ribs form the rib cage. This is
protects the
heart and the lungs.

14. THE BONES OF THE TRUNK

15. THE BONES OF THE EXTREMITIES
 Each upper extremity is connected to the trunk by: the
clavicle at the front, and the scapula at the back.
 The bones of the upper extremities form the arms, hands
and fingers.
 Each hand has got 27 bones called carpals, metacarpals
and phalanges.

16. THE BONES OF THE EXTREMITIES
 The lower extremities are connected to the trunk by the
pelvis.
 The bones of the lower extremities form the legs, feets and
toes.
 Each foot has got 26 bones, called tarsals, metatarsals and
phalanges.

17. MUSCLES
 Muscles can move and apply force. They have got different
shapes ans sizes:
circular muscles →
← long muscles
flat muscles →

18. MUSCLES
 We can also clasiffy muscles by the way they
function:
· Some muscles are voluntary: you can’t control
them whenever you want.
· Some muscles are involuntary: you can’t control
them because they work automatically: Your heart
and your intestinal muscles are involuntary.

19. MUSCLES
Voluntary: Involuntary:

20. MUSCLES OF THE FACE

21. MUSCLES OF THE ARMS AND LEGS

22. MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK

23. JOINTS
 Joints are places when to or more bones are
connected.
 We can clasiffy joints by how much they move:
· Fixed joints can’y move.
· Semi-moveable joints can’t move very much.
· Moveable joints can move a lot. Inside this
joints, there is a tough, flexible tissue called
cartilage.

24. JOINTS
←fixed joints
semi-moveable →
← moveable joint - elbow

25. JOINTS AND PAIRS OF MUSCLES
 Muscles often works togheter in
pairs.They take turns contracting and
relaxing. When one of the muscles
contracts, it becomes shorter and pulls
on the other muscles. At the same time,
the other muscle relaxes and becomes
longer.

26. A PROJECT BY…