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Think Bike LA - Dutch Presentation
- 1. ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles September 22-23, 2011
- 2. The Experts • Cor van der Klaauw • Groningen Province • Richard ter Avest • Goudappel Coffeng Consultancy
- 3. The Experts • Tonny Bosch • Goudappel Coffeng Consultancy • Hillie Talens • CROW
- 4. Cycling in the Netherlands Philosophy and Measures for Increasing Bikeability Hillie Talens Project Manager CROW and Bicycle Ambassador Fietsberaad
- 5. Who is she? 5 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 6. How does she travel? 6 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 7. Content Facts & Figures Benefits for Society The Dutch Touch Bicycle Infrastructure (Engineering) Enforcement & Education Conclusions 7 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 8. Bicycle Ownership 1,2 1,11 1 More bicycles than people 0,83 0,8 0,77 0,67 0,63 0,6 Number of cycles per inhabitant 0,50 0,45 0,40 0,40 0,4 0,34 0,2 0,18 0 8 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 9. Bike Share: Comparison Denmark 18% Netherlands 27% Germany 10% USA 1% 9 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 10. Bike Share in the Netherlands Total modal split 27% 34% of all trips < 4.5 miles 15% of trips 4.5-10 miles Groningen en Zwolle > 50% 10 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 11. 11 • 0% • 10% • 20% • 30% • 40% • 50% • 60% • 70% • 80% • 90% • 100% • Commuter travel Trip Motive • Business trips • Services/personal • care • Shopping • Education • Visit/stay • Social • recreational • Touring/hiking • Other • Total • Car Los Angeles • Bicycle ThinkBike Workshop
- 12. Daily Trips Average daily nr. of trips by gender 2 1,8 1,6 1,4 Daily nr. of trips 1,2 Women 1 Men 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 Age 0-12 12- 16- 18- 20- 25- 30- 40- 50- 60- 65- >75 Avg 16 18 20 25 30 40 50 60 65 75 Source: RWS/AVV 2005 /MON 2005 12 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 13. Average Distance 1km = 0.6 miles Average daily covered distance by gender 8 7 6 Daily covered distance 5 Women 4 Men 3 2 1 0 Age 0-12 12- 16- 18- 20- 25- 30- 40- 50- 60- 65- >75 Avg 16 18 20 25 30 40 50 60 65 75 Source: RWS/AVV 2005 /MON 2005 13 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 14. Emotions joy fear anger sadness aversion car bike public transport 14 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 15. Safety - Europe 15 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 16. Bike Share - EU 30% 27% 25% 20% 19% 15% 10% 10% 9% 9% 8% 7% 5% 5% 5% 2% 0% s nd k um y en a ce ly in nd ar an ri Ita i ta la ed an st i m la lg m er Au Br en Sw Fr Be r er he i tz at D G Sw et re N G e th 16 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 17. Safety in Numbers 1km = 0.6 miles 2 12 Bicycle km per person per day Cyclists killed per 100 10 million bicycle km 1,5 8 1 6 4 0.5 2 0 0 Italy UK Finland Germany Sweden Netherlands 17 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 18. History 1925 18 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 19. Development in Time 1975 - present: 1800 1km = 0.6 miles - Suburbanization - Car use 50 1600 + Transport policy + Clean & Healthy Cycle fatalities per billion bicycle km 1400 40 Bicycle km pppy 1200 1000 30 800 20 600 1950 –1975: • 400 - Suburbanization - Car use 10 - Transport policy • 200 - Old fashioned • 0 0 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Bicycle use Bicycle unsafety 19 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 20. Benefits of Cycling Sustainability Accessibility Health Liveability Economics 20 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 21. Sustainability No CO2 emission (reduction by 2.4 million tons in the Netherlands) Efficient (1 liter of fossil fuel per 311 miles) Reduction of the global footprint of a country Alleviates global warming 21 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 22. Accessibility Consequences in Urban Areas More efficient use of infrastructure Easier access to business areas, etc. Shorter travel times (the bike is the fastest means of transport) Less congestion More efficient parking (8 bicycles for 1 car) 22 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 23. Health Cyclists vs. Non-Cyclists Increase of life expectancy by an average of 3 years Extra time in good health (10 years) Reduction of diseases (e.g. obesity, heart and coronary disease, Alzheimer’s) More fit and less overweight children Independent and self-confident youth Reduction in healthcare costs Reduction of work absenteeism (10-15%) 23 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 24. Lifestyle Cycling offers: More joy and happiness Less traffic noise Cleaner air Better social integration 24 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 25. Economic Benefits Reduction in commuting costs More efficient transport Less need to build expensive parking spaces Sustainable economic growth Increased business in shops along bike routes Reduction in work absenteeism (10-15%) Every km by car costs €0.32 ($0.47) Every km by bike gains €0.12 ($0.18) 25 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 26. What makes the Dutch cycle? Flexibility Convenience Perceived safety Cost Health benefits The fastest way get around town Easy to combine with other modes of transport 26 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 27. Characteristics of Cyclists Muscle power Balance No crumple zones Hardly any suspension Open air Social activity Humans 27 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 28. Cycle Speed Design speed of 12.5 to 25 miles per hour Speed limits determined by circumstances 30 km/h-zones (residential areas) Home zones/woonerfs (10 miles/h) 28 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 29. Good Infrastructure = More Cyclists 29 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 30. Traffic / Road System Function Use Design 30 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 31. 5 Safety Principles Functionality of roads Homogeneity of mass, speed and direction Recognizability of road design and predictability of road course and road user behaviour Forgivingness of the environment (physical and social) State awareness by the road user 31 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 32. 3 Road Categories Through roads Distributor roads Access roads 32 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 33. Bicycle Traffic On/Along Distributor Roads Access Roads Not on Through Roads 33 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 34. Main Requirements for Bicycle Infrastructure 1. Coherence 2. Directness 3. Attractiveness 4. Safety 5. Comfort 34 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 35. 1. Coherence Consistency Ease of way finding Mobility chain Choice (more than one possible route) 35 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 36. 2. Directness No unnecessary detours Faster than car Constant speed Minimum delays 36 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 37. 3. Attractiveness Psychological elements Perception Social safety Side-by-side 37 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 38. 4. Safety Mix if possible Separate when necessary No hard conflicts Infrastructure Safe vehicles (bicycles and cars) Safe road users 38 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 39. 5. Comfort Smooth surface Minimum stops Protection against weather Easy way finding Priority at intersections Gentle slopes 39 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 40. Bicycle Facilities Network Route Sections Intersections Parking Others 40 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 41. Network A mesh/grid width of app. 800ft Urban areas Main destinations are connected No detour Not always dedicated facilities 41 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 42. Residential Areas Shortcuts for cyclists 42 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 43. Routes: Bike (High)way More important in rural areas and between neighborhoods or towns To encourage longer distance bike commuting Priority at intersections Complete (no missing links) Separation between cyclists and motorists No detours Social safety 43 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 44. Street Sections: Bicycle Street Cycle route Car stays behind bicycle Two types: Ü Car in the middle Ü Car on the side More than 2000 bicycles per day Less than 500 pcu/day (two way street) Less than 2000 pcu/day (one way street) 44 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 45. Street Sections: Cycle Track Parallel to main road (distributor) " Mostly one direction " 6.50 – 8.20ft wide (depending on volume) " Car parking on the left Off street path right " Two directions " 8.20 – 13.10ft wide " Depending on volume and mopeds " Centre marking wrong 45 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 46. Intersections Priority Roundabout Traffic lights Raised intersection Tunnel Bridge 46 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 47. Roundabouts 4 types: " Bike on street " Bike lane " Separated path with priority " Separated path without priority With path, allow >16.4 feet of space for yielding car 47 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 48. Traffic Lights Bicycle phase - all bicycle directions green Advanced stop lane/box Go right to turn left No right turn on red for cars Sometimes free right turn on red for bikes Mirror to avoid turning accidents 48 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 49. Tunnels Gradient / grade <5% > 11.5 ft wide > 9 ft headroom Sufficient light Daylight Vision through tunnel right wrong 49 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 50. Bridges Gradient/grade <5% Protection against weather 11.5feet wide Cyclists prefer tunnels to bridges 50 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 51. Parking Safe facilities Logical location Serviceable Well fitted Sufficient space 51 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 52. Other Maintenance Road work zones No “cyclist dismount” signs No detour more than 50% (max 3miles) 52 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 53. Liability and Enforcement Philosophy of Dutch enforcement: Car drivers: should take the responsibility of driving vehicles that could kill should be aware of the capricious nature of cyclists (esp. children) Are always are liable when an accident occurs Cyclists: should stop at red lights should not cycle on side walks 53 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 54. Education Start young Safe routes to school 54 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 55. Conclusions Cyclist is not a pedestrian with wheels Bicycle facilities need to be tailor-made Handbooks should be for inspiration Cycling is not just a sport Bicycle is not a poor man’s Mercedes 55 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 56. Cycling is fun for everybody! 56 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles
- 57. talens@crow.nl 57 ThinkBike Workshop Los Angeles