Class presentation on Bosnia

2. I. Early History
II. Conflict 1992 – 1995
III. Post Conflict

3. History

5. Illyrians 1200BC
Romans 229BC
WAR 9BC
Roman Empire 395AD

6. Roman Empire
officially splits along
Drina River
ROMAN BYZANTINE
EMPIRE EMPIRE
Rome Constantinopl
e

7. Byzantine Empire
(Christian Orthodox Church)
Cyrillic Alphabet
BOSNIA
EAST
Roman Empire SERBIA
(Roman Catholic Church)
Latin Alphabet
WEST

8. BOSNIA

10. Ottoman Empire
1463AD -1878AD Kosovo Field
Battle
28.6.1389
Ottomans completely
Ottomans
overtake in 1463
BOSNIA
Bosnians
KARLOVAC TREATY
REDEFINES
BORDERS 1699 Serbs
KOSOVO

11. Berlin
Congress
1878
Ottoman
Empire Austria-
Hungary

12. AUSTRIA
HUNGARY
1908
BOSNIA
Yugo
Slavia
???
Croatian Intellectuals

14. 1929
Yugoslav
Kingdom Serbia
Slovenia
Kosovo
Croatia
TRASH
Montenegro Vojvodina
Bosnia Macedonia

17. ALLIES
End
Tito
& Partisans
of
WWII
SFRJ

20. Dissolution of SFRJ
1990-1991 Slovenia
Croatia
Serbia
SFRJ
Bosnia

21.  1974 – decentralization of SFRJ;
 4th May 1980, Tito died at the age of 88 in
Ljubljana, Slovenia;
 28th February – 1st March Bosnia holds
referendum; Bosnian Serb boycott, Serb militia
surrounds Sarajevo;
 6th April 1992 – recognized by European
Commission;

22. 1992
• Prijedor: Testing ground for “ethnic cleansing”;
• Croats attack Herzegovina
1993
• Serbs capture a UN Convoy and kill Bosnia’s Prime Minister;
• Vance-Owen 15-16 May peace plan fails;
• ICTY formally established by resolution 827;
1994
• Siege of Sarajevo ends in February;
• Washington Peace Agreement between Bosniak and Croat forces
was signed;
1995
14th December – Dayton Peace Agreement signed ending the
war;

23.  Bosnia: Omarska,
Keraterm,
Manjaca,Trnopolje;
 Herzegovina:
Heliodrom, Dretelj,
Gabela, Vojno and
Šunje;

24.  1993 Naser Oric, Muslim
guerilla commander
overtakes a Serb city and
commits atrocities;
 January 1995 UN Dutch
battalion arrives in
Srebrenica and declares it
a UN protected zone;
 8,000 Bosniak men killed;
 1948 UN Convention on
Genocide: Article 2;

25.  Estimated 20,000 – 50,000
Bosnian women were
raped;
 Rape was systematic and
aimed at tainting and
discontinuing birth within
the ethnic group;
 Girls as young as 12 were
victims;
 Slavenka Drakulic wrote a
book “S”, made into a
movie “As if I am not there”

26.  Islamist volunteers or missionaries arrived in Bosnia during the war, not just to
fight for the Muslims against the Serbs and Croats, but to propagate a
fundamentalist version of Islam to the secular or moderately religious native
Bosnian Muslims;
 mujahedin did attract converts from a minority of local Bosnian Muslims; it was
both the foreigners and their local recruits who spearheaded attacks on non-
Muslim - primarily Croat - civilians, churches and government offices and
individuals in the years following Dayton;
 Foreign mujahedin failed to attract any Bosnian Muslims to the global jihad, but
they succeeded at times in catalyzing locals to resist the reconstruction of
multinational coexistence in Bosnia;
 Foreign mujahedin who engaged in these crimes appear to have been quite
content with their modest purposes;
 Esad Hecimovic’s ‘Garibs: The Mujahedin in Bosnia-Hercegovina, 1992-1999’

28.  The Tribunal has contributed to an indisputable historical record,
combating denial and helping communities come to terms with
their recent history. Crimes across the region can no longer be
denied. For example, it has been proven beyond reasonable doubt
that the mass murder at Srebrenica was genocide;
 Judges have also ruled that rape was used by members of the
Bosnian Serb armed forces as an instrument of terror, and the
judges in the Kvočka et al. trial established that a “hellish orgy of
persecution” occurred in the Omarska, Keraterm and Trnopolje
camps of northwestern Bosnia;
 ICTY has charged over 160 persons;

29.  Republika Srpska and Bosnia Herzegovina, independent Brcko –
internationally supervised;
 3 seat presidency, rotating every 8 months; Zelko KOMSIC, BAKIR
IZETBEGOVIC, NEBOJSA RADMANOVIC;
 Elections held every 4 years;
 President of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Zivko BUDIMIR,
Vice Presidents Spomenka MICIC, Mirsad KEBO; President of the
Republika Srpska: Milorad DODIK;
 Parliamentary Assembly: House of Peoples (15 seats, 5 Bosniak, 5 Croat,
5 Serb)and the state-level House of Representatives 42 seats, 28 seats);
 Foreign Minister – Sven Alkalaj

31.  Military intervention;
 Presence of peacekeepers;
 Returning refugees;
 Haag tribunals;
 Svetozar Marovic 2003 issues
a public apology;
 No Truth and reconciliation
Commission;
 ICJ decision – Bosnia not a
genocide;

32.  Local communities;
 Redirecting blame;
 Perpetrators free in
Bosnia;
 Belgrade protest to
Karadzic’ arrest;
 Darko Trifunovic at the
ICT Conference at IDC
Herzeliya 2011;

33. QUESTIONS?