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Module 13 defense mechanism
- 1. DEFENSE MECHANISM PROF. ARNEL A. DIEGO MA.Ed. Director, Social Sciences Department
- 3. THE ID, EGO AND SUPEREGO
- 4. Levels of Consciousness Conscious: thoughts or motives that a person is currently aware of or is remembering Preconscious: thoughts or motives that one can become aware of easily Unconscious: thoughts or motives that lie beyond a person's normal awareness but that can be made available through psychoanalysis.
- 5. Freudian Theory Structures of Personality Id Operates according to the “pleasure principle” Ego Operates according to the “reality” principle Superego Contains values and ideals
- 6. Structure of personality ID- Pleasure principle Driven purely by needs, wants and desires, without regard for consequences (I want it and I want it now)
- 7. EGO - Reality principle This follows what is realistic and includes all the gray areas of decision making, or the justifications for behavior
- 8. Superego – Morality Strict adherence to the rules that govern society, everything is either black or white, right or wrong
- 9. Table 12.2 Freud’s Stages of Psychosexual Development
- 10. ANXIETY
- 11. ANXIETY Unpleasant inner state that people seek to avoid. Anxiety acts as a signal to the ego that things are not going right. Freud identified three types of anxiety: Neurotic anxiety is the unconscious worry that we will lose control of the id's urges, resulting in punishment for inappropriate behavior. Reality anxiety is fear of real-world events. The cause of this anxiety is usually easily identified. For example, a person might fear receiving a dog bite when they are near a menacing dog. The most common way of reducing this anxiety is to avoid the threatening object. Moral anxiety involves a fear of violating our own moral principles.
- 12. Fig. 15.3 Frustration and common reactions to it.
- 13. Reactions to frustration can be both positive and negative. Positive reactions are realistic and reasonable ones. Negative reactions are less realistic and reasonable, those are defensive reactions.
- 15. DEFENSE MECHANISM Refer to unconscious mental processes that protect the conscious person from developing anxiety The defense mechanisms are ways and actions which people use in order to hide their incapability and failure.
- 16. REPRESSION Anxiety-evoking thoughts are pushed into the unconscious. “Repressed memories” are memories that have been unconsciously blocked from access or view. Example: A woman is unable to recall that she was raped
- 17. REGRESSION A reversion to immature patterns of behavior. Is the reversion to an earlier stage of development in the face of unacceptable thoughts or impulses.
- 18. Example: An adolescent who is overwhelmed with fear, anger and growing sexual impulses might become clingy and start exhibiting earlier childhood behaviors such as bedwetting. A boss has a temper tantrum when an employee makes a mistake Note: An adult may regress when under a great deal of stress, refusing to leave their bed and engage in normal, everyday activities.
- 19. DISPLACEMENT Substituting a less threatening object for the original object of impulse. Involves taking out our frustrations, feelings and impulses on people or objects that are less threatening. Example: After parental scolding, a young girl takes her anger out on her little brother
- 20. DENIAL The best known defense mechanisms. Denial is an outright refusal to admit or recognize that something has occurred or is currently occurring. Example: Drug addicts or alcoholics often deny that they have a problem or an employee deny that the wages he received is not fair
- 21. PROJECTION Person attributes their own unacceptable impulses to others. Example: A spouse may be angry at their significant other for not listening, when in fact it is the angry spouse who does not listen.
- 22. RATIONALIZATION Involves explaining an unacceptable behavior or feeling in a rational or logical manner, avoiding the true reasons for the behavior. Example: Ian goes out of drinking the night before a big test rationalize his behavior by saying “the test isn't all that important”
- 23. SUBLIMATION Channeling of unacceptable impulses, thoughts and emotions into more acceptable ones. Example: For example, a person experiencing extreme anger might take up kick-boxing as a means of venting frustration or a person with strong feeling of aggression becomes a soldier
- 24. REACTION FORMATION Behaving in a way that is exactly the opposite of one’s own true feelings. Example: a woman who is very angry with her boss and would like to quit her job may instead be overly kind and generous toward her boss and express a desire to keep working there forever.
- 25. COMPENSATION Process of psychologically counterbalancing perceived weaknesses by emphasizing strength in other areas. For instance, when a person says, “I may not know how to cook, but I can sure do the dishes!,”
- 26. INTELLECTUALIZATION Intellectualization is the overemphasis on thinking when confronted with an unacceptable impulse, situation or behavior without employing any emotions. Example: a person who has just been given a terminal medical diagnosis, instead of expressing their sadness and grief, focuses instead on the details of all possible fruitless medical procedures.
- 27. IDENTIFICATION Bolstering self-esteem by forming an imaginary or real alliance with some person or group Example: An insecure young man joins a fraternity to boost his self-esteem
- 28. GROUP ACTIVITY Form a group with six members only… Create a scenario that shows the uses of different defense mechanism (preparation time: 10 minutes). Act / present it on class (3 – 5 minutes only).
- 29. CRITERIA Content = 40pts Organization = 25pts Creativity / Acting Skills = 30pts Audience Impact = 5pts
- 30. REFERENCES Feldman, Robert S. (2008). Understanding Psychology (5th edition). Mc Graw Hill International Gaerlan, Josefina, Limpingco Delia & Tria Geraldine. General Psychology (5th edition). Ken Incorporated
- 31. THANK YOU Therefore I say to you what ever things you asked, when you pray believed that you received them and YOU WILL HAVE THEM.. MARK 11:24
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Psychodynamic theories include all the diverse theories descended from the work of Sigmund Freud, which focus on unconscious mental processes. Freud‘s psychoanalytic theory (1901, 1924, 1940) grew out of his decades of interactions with his clients. This theory focuses on the influence of early childhood experiences, unconscious motives and conflicts, and the methods people use to cope with sexual and aggressive urges. Freud divided personality into 3 components. The id is the primitive, instinctive component of personality that operates according to the pleasure principle, which demands immediate gratification and engages in primary-process thinking (primitive, illogical, irrational, and fantasy oriented). The ego is the decision-making component of personality that operates according to the reality principle, seeking to delay gratification of the id’s urges until appropriate outlets can be found, thus mediating between the id and the external world. The superego is the moral component of personality that incorporates social standards about what represents right and wrong…the superego emerges out of the ego at around 3-5 years of age. Freud’s most enduring insight was his recognition that unconscious forces can influence behavior. Freud theorized that people have 3 levels of awareness, conscious, preconscious, and unconscious.
- Psychodynamic theories include all the diverse theories descended from the work of Sigmund Freud, which focus on unconscious mental processes. Freud‘s psychoanalytic theory (1901, 1924, 1940) grew out of his decades of interactions with his clients. This theory focuses on the influence of early childhood experiences, unconscious motives and conflicts, and the methods people use to cope with sexual and aggressive urges. Freud divided personality into 3 components. The id is the primitive, instinctive component of personality that operates according to the pleasure principle, which demands immediate gratification and engages in primary-process thinking (primitive, illogical, irrational, and fantasy oriented). The ego is the decision-making component of personality that operates according to the reality principle, seeking to delay gratification of the id’s urges until appropriate outlets can be found, thus mediating between the id and the external world. The superego is the moral component of personality that incorporates social standards about what represents right and wrong…the superego emerges out of the ego at around 3-5 years of age. Freud’s most enduring insight was his recognition that unconscious forces can influence behavior. Freud theorized that people have 3 levels of awareness, conscious, preconscious, and unconscious.
- Psychodynamic theories include all the diverse theories descended from the work of Sigmund Freud, which focus on unconscious mental processes. Freud‘s psychoanalytic theory (1901, 1924, 1940) grew out of his decades of interactions with his clients. This theory focuses on the influence of early childhood experiences, unconscious motives and conflicts, and the methods people use to cope with sexual and aggressive urges. Freud divided personality into 3 components. The id is the primitive, instinctive component of personality that operates according to the pleasure principle, which demands immediate gratification and engages in primary-process thinking (primitive, illogical, irrational, and fantasy oriented). The ego is the decision-making component of personality that operates according to the reality principle, seeking to delay gratification of the id’s urges until appropriate outlets can be found, thus mediating between the id and the external world. The superego is the moral component of personality that incorporates social standards about what represents right and wrong…the superego emerges out of the ego at around 3-5 years of age. Freud’s most enduring insight was his recognition that unconscious forces can influence behavior. Freud theorized that people have 3 levels of awareness, conscious, preconscious, and unconscious.