1. The development of molecular tools to monitor the physiological response of shellfish to ocean acidification David Metzger1 Shallin Busch2 Michael Maher2 Paul McElhany2 Carolyn Friedman1 Steven Roberts1 1University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences Seattle, WA 2NOAA’s Northwest Fishery Science Center Seattle, WA

2. Outline Introduce Ruditapesphilippinarum Background on ocean acidification and physiology Experimental design Results Future directions

4. Economically important, locally farmed bivalve species

5. Few studies on the impacts of ocean acidification on R. philippinarum.

6. OA results in increase in heavy metal uptake (Lopez et al., 2010). Photo: Taylor Shellfish

7. Ocean Acidification CO2 CO2 H2O H2CO3 H+ + HCO3 CO32- CO2 pH Aragonite Calcite Photo by David Mack www.visualphotos.com

8. Ocean Acidification and Physiology Decreases in aragonite and calcite saturation state inhibits the ability of calcifying organisms to properly form shells. Changes in metabolism and energy allocations More energy put towards calcification and and less allocated towards other vital physiological processes Disrupts ion homeostasis Changes in immune response Generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) = increased cytological damage

9. Experimental Design 400uatm 520uatm 1000uatm 3 pCO2 Levels 6 Replicates/pCO2 treatment ~30,000 larvae/jar Sampling schedule: Days in system = 1, 4, 7, 11, 14 days

11. Are clams ok?

14. Breakdown of pollutants

19. Ocean Acidification and Physiology Decreases in aragonite and calcite saturation state inhibits the ability of calcifying organisms to properly form shells. Changes in metabolism and energy allocations More energy put towards calcification and and less allocated towards other vital physiological processes Disrupts ion homeostasis Changes in immune response Generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) = increased cytological damage

20. Acknowledgements University of Washington Roberts Lab: Sam White Steven Roberts Emma Timmins-Schiffman Caroline Storer Mackenzie Gavery Friedman Lab: Carolyn Friedman Brent Vadopalas Liza Ray Lisa Crosson EleneDorfmeier SammiBrombacker Robyn Strenge NOAA NWFSC Shallin Busch Paul McElhany Mike Maher Jason Miller Sarah Norberg Taylor Shellfish Greg Jacob Joth Davis Funding Washington Sea Grant Saltonstall-Kennedy University of Washington

21. Special Thanks! Student Sponsors Chelsea Farms LLC Chuckanut Shellfish Little Skookum Shellfish Growers NOAA PCS-NSA Rock Point Oyster Co. Seattle Shellfish Taylor Shellfish