White Australia Policy Essay

Not only were the Aborigines excludes from human rights, but Australia enacted a policy which
excluded anyone non–European from entering the country. Known as the White Australia policy or
Immigration Restriction Act of 1901, it excluded anyone entry into the country who could not pass
the dictation test. The dictation test was a basic grammar test that was administered by the
government. The grammar in question was English, however if one was to pass the test in English
the person could be re–tested in another European language. Thus keeping out all non–white people
from the country (Gothard, J, p.35, 2003). The policy led Australia into growing a large White
Caucasian population. However, the Immigration Restriction Act was abolished in 1958
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White Australia By Henry Lawson Analysis
Within every piece of text is an underlying meaning or personal statement of opinion that each author
wishes to express. In the poem "white australia" by there is very much the presence of protest
against the way aboriginals were treated and their struggles during the time of white settlement in
australia, and also the protest against any race discrimination. "Success" by henry lawson is a poem
about the triumph and achievement perceived within australian society about winning war but also
highlights the devastation and cost it brought within soldier's lives, insidiously affecting society as a
whole. Throughout both selected texts there are techniques and features that help convey a message
about australian society and the achievement and struggle that many have faced and still face today,
shaping our national identity....show more content...
Even though society is far more accepting and non discriminatory today there are still people within
society that alienate people of a different race than themselves, making this poem still relevant, and
helping us see different aspects of australia's history and the lives that some people still live.
The poem "Success" represents aspects of our society and our nation's identity as it is about one
of the most horrific periods in australia's history which we as a society commemorate and
remember every year on anzac day. The triumph perceived within society of winning war in the
poem is great and joyful, yet for the victims and the soldiers of war it is a different story.
Using a flowing rhythm and an end rhyme every line, lawson has made this poem interesting and
engaging for the reader, whilst still encapsulating the essence of a society at war and the struggle that
many men faced at war and the aftermath of

White Australia Policy
Australia's history has shown a "White Australia" policy from as early as 1850. It began with
competition in the goldfields between immigrant Chinese and the British miners caused a severe
amount of tension. Eventually turning into riots (Buckland Riot in 1857 and the Lambing Flat Riots
in 1860 and 1861) Victoria and New South Wales put restrictions on Chineseimmigration as well as
residency taxes. This has been described as the earliest sign of the White Australia policy. Under the
Barton Government, the Immigration Restriction Act of 1901 was put into place. This put intense
restrictions on non–European immigrants in the form of a dictation test. The 50–word dictation test
was designed to be nearly impossible to pass, giving immigration

Social Issues In Australia Essay
It has been proposed that Australians are responsible in making Australia an 'Asia literate society' by
developing 'understanding of Asian history, cultures, geography and economics' (March, 1995).
ACARA (n.d.) states that the objective of Asia and Australia's engagement with Asia is to develop
students understanding on Asian society and culture by integrating Asian aspects with Australian
curriculum.
Australia and Europe are making an effort to improve the Asia literacy. For example, David Miliband
(2008) who is the British Foreign Secretary, pointed out the economic shifting from west to east
accompany the integration of China and India into the world economy (as cited in Harvey, 2011).
The shifting that prompts economic interaction between...show more content...
For example, Melbourne Declaration on Educational Goals for Young Australians, National
statement on Asia Literacy in Australian Schools and Australia in the Asian Century White Paper
claim the transformation of the Asian region into the economic central and the sustained actions that
both schools and students should undertake (Ministerial Council on Educaion, Employment,
Training and Youth Affairs, 2008; Asia Education Foundation [AEF], 2011; Australian Government,
2012). Back to last century, the trend of Asia being economic central and the essential need of 'the
study of Asia and its language for national survival in an intensely competitive world' have been
acknowledged by Asian Studies Council (1988). In 2006, National Statement for Engaging Young
Australians with Asia in Australian Schools draws elements that Australian students are required for
developing the understanding in Asian countries, in which both schools and parents play a key role
(Department of Education, Science and Training). Furthermore, AEF (n.d.) provides numerous
school programmes, curriculum resources and networks to support the achievement of Asia literacy
for all students in Australian schools. Generally speaking, Australian government commissioned the
policies to plan and shape the national future relationship with Asian countries through encouraging

"Australia is not, and never has been, the racist country its academic historians have condemned"
Critically analyse 'the white Australia policy' relating it to the quote provided
In 1901, Edmund Barton the prime minster at time decided to introduce the Immigration Restriction
Act left Australia banning prostitutes, criminals, and anyone under a contract or agreement to
perform manual labour within Australia which seems that Edmund Barton was doing his job and
kept Australia safe but he was not. This is because, he did not stop there, he introduced a dictation
test to exclude certain people by making them sit a written exam that they need to pass to be
welcome in Australia voted by an immigration officer and majority of the non–white people was
given the answer no you are not welcome here. Many of prime ministers were involved in this as it
ended in 1973. The quote "Australia is not, and never has been, the racist country its academic
historians have been condemned "is most certainly incorrect between the years 1901 to 1973 as the
majority of people were not allowed to enter Australia if they were non– white people. The reasons
proving that Australia was indeed a racist country include the reasons why the white Australia policy
was introduced, immigration and the way other countries saw Australia.
The reasons why the white Australia policy was introduced is why Australia was awfully racist.
Although numerous people were gratified to be Australians and thought it was a

Contents
_____________________________________________________________________
Part 1
Introduction
What is Race?
What is Ethnicity?
What is Prejudice?
What is Racism?
Part 2
Introducing the 'White Australia' policy
From White Australia to Multiculturalism
Conclusion
References
This paper is divided into two parts. In the first part the concepts or race, ethnicity, prejudice and
racism are defined and how they are connected is discussed. Part 2 of the paper looks at the 'White
Australia' policy and why it was introduced. The impact of such a racist immigration history on
contemporary Australia is also discussed in terms of attitudes and behaviours of the population.
...show more content...
What is racism?
When we speak of race, ethnicity and prejudice we are intrinsically linking racism as well. Racism
is prejudice taken another step further. In contrast to prejudice, racism is based on perceived cultural
superiority, which is itself based on perceived genetic superiority (McConnochie et al, 1988).
There are two forms of racism: individual and institutional. Individual racism involves one–on–one
scenarios where racist attitudes are expressed based on a particular individuals belief towards
another. For example, one person might be of the opinion that all Aboriginal's are dirty, and
therefore, be racist to an Aboriginal when they are walking down the street, at school or work.
Institutional racism on the other hand is far broader in context and more complex. It refers to the
ways in which racism has infiltrated into social institutions which govern, discriminate and oppress
various groups within that society based on their race (McConnochie et al, 1988). These institutions
within our societies, such as schools and healthcare services, use racism in a systematic manner
which favours one group over all the others. Although racism as a notion is the same for both
individual and institutional purposes, the consequences of the two are vastly different. Sociologists
have argued that in the recent years racism has shifted from excluding groups on a biological basis,
to more of a cultural basis of difference (Giddens, 2001; Van Krieken et al, 2010).

White Australian Immigration Analysis
For so long, Australia has had a reputation knee–deep in racial discrimination and hostility. 'The
White Australia policy' and 'the Dictation Test' are two of many causes to the negative misshape of
how the world now sees the Australian nation. Not until after world war two had Australia begun
distancing itself from the White Australia Policy and the discriminatory stain it had brought upon
itself. This eradication point was formed from the 'populate or perish' policy which grew effect
between 1949 and 1978. Today, Australia is both rich in culture and diverse in nationality with over
200,000 immigrants arriving every year. (L.Wilson, 2011.) So why has Australia drawn the attention
of hopeful immigrants around the world with such a harsh past...show more content...
Law, justice, equality and rights, conflict and prosecution– this all causes political migration. Nearly
20,000 political migrants arrive in Australia each year otherwise known as refugees. (T.Wills,
2013.) Refugees face political prosecution in their country, conflict, war, violence and are forced
to migrate in order to provide safety for themselves and their family. 35 year old Najeeba arrived
in Australia by boat as a young girl. Whilst living with her parents in Afghanistan, she witnessed
the death of her friends and family around her at the hands of the Taliban and was threatened to
have the same fate. "...Once we knew that our lives were in danger and there was no way we could
survive in Afghanistan, we had to leave; go somewhere where we would be at peace and have
security..." Najeeba and her parents chose Australia for their fresh beginning in believing that
Australia had a more defined line on human rights than that of their home country. Similarly,
according to ongoing investigation by the Refugee Council, other refugees have similar motives for
choosing Australia specifically. For some, Australia is stronger in laws and safer for their family's
wellbeing, and for others, Australia is just the nearest

Australia And The White Australia Policy
Australia in terms of immigration, has had a poor history of dealing with people travelling into the
country, shown in the beginning of hand picking the majority of Australia 's population. However as
the decades have rolled on, whether it be forced or by choice, Australia has become looser and more
free in access and treatment within the country and importantly, less discriminatory. In order to see
these improvements, the start must be shown, in which is generally summarised by the White
Australia Policy.
The White Australia policy introduced as the Immigration Restriction Act in 1901. The policy was
about changing Australia 's population so that it was, like that of Great Britain. The act was passed
by the federal government of Australia (Immi.gov.au, 2014). The policy was extremely supported
and applauded by the public, with Prime Minister Hughes in 1919 stating "(this is) the greatest thing
we have achieved" (Immi.gov.au, 2014).
The White Australia Policy is one of the most infamous acts passed in Australian history. It
discriminated against countless of different races. The policy was created with the purpose to
recreate the image of a 'White Australia'. This was the old approach taken by the Australian
government to select immigrants from the white countries like the United Kingdom and stop the
entry of immigrants not from white countries. Australia was following the example set by Great
Britain, as shown in a statement made by W.G. Spence "If we keep the race pure,

White Australian Policy Essay
Introduction
The White Australian policy was Australia's solution to prevent immigrants migrating into the
country's colonies. The law was enforced so that the Chinese, Africans, and all non–European were
not allowed to enter the country, these were the factors that led to the law. The white Australian
policy was actually called 'Immigration restriction act'. Australia's plan all along was to stay as a
white only country that was run under British customs. The White Australian policy also excluded
prostitutes and criminals.
The Context
The White Australian policy unofficially started in the 1850's in the gold mines in violence against
the Chinese. The start of the official White Australian policy was brought in under the new federal
Australian government. The 'Immigration restriction act' obtained royal agreement on the 23rd of
December 1901. The colonies governments were extremely concerned about the arrival of Chinese
migrations, and were discussing a way to prevent the Chinese entrance into Australia. The
governments discussed the problems at the Intercolonial conferences of 1880, 1888, and 1896. Up
until the...show more content...
The pacific islanders (Kanakas) were a key objective, the Kanaks worked for cheap wages in
near–slavery environments. They worked in Queensland sugar–cane fields. The White Australian
policy ended the employment of all of the Pacific islanders and placed tight controls on certain
immigrants. In the gold mines, the whites offence towards chinses diggers, which led to violent
brawls. New South Wales and Victoria then introduced restrictions on Chinese immigrants. But this
only made them find other ways to smuggle themselves onto the Australian shores. The White
Australian policy was presented to restrict the immigrants entering the country. But was mainly
introduced for the removal of any forbidden immigrants and any

Australia is the only country in the world that covers an entire continent; It is a developed capitalist
country; it is a multicultural immigrant country. According to Cambridge dictionary (n.d.),
immigration means that the act of someone coming to live in a different country. Today's modern,
urbanized and affluent Australia is due to continued immigration (Jupp, 2002). However, the history
of immigrants in Australia is not smooth sailing. On January 1, 1901, several British colonies on the
Australian continent formed the Commonwealth of Australia belongs to the United Kingdom. In the
same year, the White Australia policy became the basic national policy of Australia, that means only
white immigrants could become the Australian Citizenship...show more content...
On the other hand, immigrants also bring a lot of negative effects. Australia is more affected by
immigrants than most countries because half of Australia's population is immigrant or immigrant
children (Hugo, 2014). According to Cambridge dictionary (n.d.), multicultural means that including
people who have many different customs and beliefs. Australia's cultural diversity is also the
embodiment of Australia's national strength. The objects and stories of the immigration can regard
as an important part of the Australian national heritage (Henrich, 2013). However, the problem of the
multicultural is the differences between different nations and cultures. In the multicultural country,
the racial discrimination is most likely to

White Australia's Multicultural Policy Analysis
"Social justice is what faces you in the morning. It is awakening in a house with adequate water
supply, cooking facilities and sanitation. It is the ability to nourish your children and send them to
school where their education not only equips them for employment but reinforces their knowledge
and understanding of their cultural inheritance. It is the prospect of genuine employment and good
health: a life of choices and opportunity, free from discrimination" (Dodson, 1993).
This essay will discuss Australia's multicultural policy. It will critically examine the key issues of
Australia's multicultural policy such as limiting racism and aiming for social justice by accepting
everyone into Australia. The international federation of library...show more content...
The 'White Australia policy' is a term commonly used to refer to the collection of Federal, State and
Territory immigration policies for excluding non–white people from immigrating to Australia from
the late 1880s through to the 1970s. The White Australia policy was applied progressively less
strictly following the Second World War. The number of non
–European settler arrivals, for example,
nearly quadrupled between 1966 and 1971. The White Australia policy was finally dismantled by the
Whitlam Government in 1973. Multiculturalism emerged at this time as a means of responding both
to this new form of culturally diverse migration and to the phenomenon of post–war mass migration
in general. During the 1940s and 50s in Australia, 'assimilation' was the dominant approach to newly
arrived migrants, followed, in the 1960s, by 'integration'. During the assimilation period it was
thought that newly arrived migrants ought to attempt to blend into mainstream society as much and
as quickly as possible, removing the traces of their former identities to become like other Australians.
Integration policies, which were developed with a greater awareness of the lived realities of
migration, saw the maintenance by migrants of links to their past cultures and nationalities as less
threatening and not incompatible with the aims of integration. 'Multiculturalism' supplanted both of
these terms during the 1970s, carrying with it an emphasis on the virtues of tolerance and respect for
other cultures and the value and necessity of recognizing difference and diversity (Australian
collaboration,

White Australia Policy Essay
General Overview
Introduction
Australia...The Lucky Country, or so they thought. This act was racial, Australia were trying to
create a white utopia, a paradox forged against the odds. Modern Australia is a multicultural
Country, however, this wasn't the plan, over 100 years ago, an act was put into place to create a
White society. This was infuriating for the non – white and non – Europeans. This was called the
Immigration Restriction act which is now known as the White Australian Policy (WAP). This
changed the race of Australia's face. In modern day Australia over 22 million people now live in this
beautiful Country that has an equal society.
Aboriginals And British Settlers
The Aboriginals were thought to have arrived in Australia about 40,000...show more content...
In 1901 the Pacific Islanders act and the Immigration Restriction act (White Australia Policy)
(WAP) were forced into a reality. The Chinese were working cheap labour and the Europeans
were annoyed and they couldn't find work. In 1903 the Dictation test was put into place as an
opportunity for everyone to come into Australia, however, these tests were more often given in
languages some people didn't know existed and this showed because only 46 people passed out of
the 805 tests given. The migrants who were rejected were either refused entry or deported. Because
of WW1 the Enemy Aliens act was started up so Germans would be separate from the Australians so
they wouldn't fight. Germans were either refused entry or put into a concentration

The immigration policy of Australia has been in a constant state of flux ever since Federation in
1901, when the first legislative piece, the Immigration Restriction Act, was introduced. The
Immigration Restriction Act has become infamous in Australian history and throughout the world,
more nefariously as the 'White Australia Policy'. The White Australia Policy was Australia's
seemingly indestructible way of ensuring a White Australia. However, theimmigration of European
refugees after World War II, which aimed to defend the nation from Japanese invasion, challenged
this policy. From 1901, Australia held a strong belief that coloured people, specifically Asians, were
inferior and detrimental to the Australian way of life, and did all in it's...show more content...
With the initial announcement of the plan to allow non–English Europeans into Australia, a lot of
criticism fell onto Calwell. One such criticism is in the cartoon 'The Pied Piper' which was
published in The Bulletin in 1947. It depicts Arthur Calwell, who is identified by his glasses and
comic caricature, as the Pied Piper, who is playing to the people walking off a ship down stairs
labelled 'Imports'. The people arriving off the ship are wearing the stereotypical garb associated with
the Jewish race, therefore representing the European displaced persons from World War II. The Pied
Piper playing to these people symbolises that these 'imports' were not desirable for Australia, as it is
known that the Pied Piper plays for rats. These criticisms meant that Calwell has to be meticulous in
ensuring that Australia would increase its population whilst conservatively changing the beliefs and
attitudes that the majority of Australians held towards such migrants. As seen in a photograph of the
first "Happy Settlers from the Baltic" that graced the front cover of Australia national tabloid, The
Age, in December 1947, Calwell and the Australian Government were careful in selecting mainly
young, beautiful and white migrants to initially 'sell' the idea of immigration to the Australian
public. Analysis of another primary source, sourced in Arthur Calwell's Autobiography, 'Be Just an
Fear Not' published in 1972, suggests this to be

The 'White Australia' Policy
Task 2 – research activity
1.What were some of the origins of the White Australia Policy?
The white Australia policy was one of the first acts passed by the parliament in Australia, and called
the Immigration Restriction Registration Act 1901. This aimed to rid Australia of 'non–white'
migrants by restricting entry to the country, and deporting those of 'undesirable migrants.'
The origins of the white Australia policy can be traced back to the 1950's when white miners showed
resentment towards Chinese diggers which ended in violence at Lambing Flat (New South Wales)
and Buckland River (Victoria). The governments then blamed the Chinese, and placed restrictions on
any Chinese migration. Even before this time,...show more content...
Families were torn apart, jobs lost, many wives and children were sent away, and the population
dropped. The people that this affected the most were the Asians, and the Kanakas. The Australian
population at that time had a vast number of Asians, many of which had migrated for the several
gold rushes. When this act was passed, those that had been born in Australia could stay, but those
that hadn't (such as most wives) had to go. In many cases, the children went with their mothers back
to their homeland. The kanakas were indentured labourers from the South Sea Islands of the Pacific,
who were basically kidnapped to come to Australia and work on the sugar plantations, but after this
act was passed, many were forced to

The White Australia's White Australian Policy
White Australian Policy
The White Australia Policy is a significant event in Australia. This event is not nessacerialy one
Australians should be proud of but did help Australia become a better place and helped Australia
become what it is today. The White Australian policy affected many non–Europeans seeking safety.
The White Australian policy is known to go on for 25 years until in 1966 Prime Minister set a
Migration Act.
What was the White Australian Policy?
After The Immigration Restriction Act 1901 was one of the first Acts passed by the Australian
Parliament after Federation in 1901. The new law provided strict control over who could migrate to
Australia. The White Australian Policy was not a single government proclamation but in fact

The White Australia Policy
Today Australia is known as a multicultural country who allows people from all over the world to
migrate to Australia. People are definitely not allowed to our country only because of what religion
or language they speak, and definitely not based on skin color. Well this was not the case 45 years
ago. 45 years ago was when the government stopped the non European immigration policy, which
better known as the White Australia Policy. It started in 1901 and ended in 1975. The policy lasted
for 75 years. The White Australia policy was not a single government directive, but a series of acts
with a common goal, to achieve and maintain a white, British national character. When the policy
ended it was a very big turning point in the country because

White Australia Research Paper
History Assessment 800–1000 words
Australia is a diverse and multicultural that allows anyone who needs safety and shelter to come to
Australia and feel safe and free. Australia wasn't always like this there was a time where immigrants
could not come into the "Safe Haven". To get away from poverty, war and diseases.
The White Australia Policy was the name of the law that restricted immigrants of non European
ethnicity. This law started in 1901 and was demolished from the 1950s to 1970s. This law also
allowed for a dictation test to be giving to all immigrants in any language to make sure no
immigrants of non European background could get into Australia.
1901 was the turning point for Australian immigrants trying to come into Australia. It was during
this time that Edmund Barton was trying to have an all white population. Edmund had gotten the
idea for an all white population from R.Dixon. Edmund wanted to have an all white population
because he thought it would be very patriotic to have a British outpost of all white people. Another
reason is that Australians thought that the immigrants were taking their jobs and making Australians
go broke from having no work. This law affected the immigrants because they were trying to escape
from their country's problems including: war, poor economy, poor health care and opportunity and
Australia is their safe haven. The White Australia Policy not only denied them access to this safe
haven but sent them back to where they would most likely be poor and end up dead...show more
content...
Other problems were that Australia's economy was falling because there wasn't enough people
working to give the country enough money and it was all the White Australia Policy fault. Australia
realized this and after some really hard thinking decided to abolish this policy and allow all
immigrants into Australia. This then lead to the Populate or Perish

Australian Assimilation Policy
The conservation, assimilation and self–determination policies had a compelling significance on the
changing freedoms and rights for all the Indigenous Australian's. The Assimilation policy was
introduced in the 1950's, and was the very beginning of the integration of Indigenous Australians,
and partially others around as well. The Stolen Generations sustained, but missions and reserves
were reasonably shut down and the Aboriginals were authorized to move to cities and towns, as
long as they gave up on their religious beliefs and their culture. However, most of the people around
would not want to employ or house any Aboriginals, so they were forced to live on the outskirts as
"Fringe dwellers" meaning they camp out of Australian towns and cities, the ones which have
become quite excluded. This administration caused the Aboriginals to live in poverty, and become
the victims of on–going discrimination....show more content...
Integration meant that many other Indigenous people still kept their spiritual beliefs, and their
cultures, but whereas others lived in cruel poverty, with not belonging to either sort of race.
Ultimately, the policy was transfigured which allowed Aboriginals to live without such harsh sets of
control. The integration policy also imposed the denouement of The Stolen Generation. This
essentially gave the Aboriginals the fortitude to assert with many organisations being introduced to
personally help the Aboriginals. The Freedom of the rides was brought up and formed by Charles
Perkins, and was basically a world bus tour of western NSW towns, exposing inequalities and racism.
The 1967 referendum also greatly transformed the rights and freedoms, as Aboriginals were
contained in the enumeration. Furthermore, it drastically changed Australia's sentiment towards
racism, because of the leverage from the media, which eventually started a climactic social change in

White Australia Policy And The Cronulla Riots
I n t h e p a s t , Australia has participated in substantial events, poised against other ethnicities, but
as Australia's identity emerges, we discover just how far we've come since the White Australia
Policy and the Cronulla Riots. However, under closer inspection, we discover the real truth, and that
is that we truly haven't moved forward at all, and that realistically we put up the facade of being a
multicultural country, but once that mask is removed, Australia is just the same as it was all those
many years ago. The White Australia Policy, implemented in 1901, was the governmental action that
saw any non–white or non–christian Australians or refugees denied permission to stay in the country
if unable to pass rigged dictation test.

Good day class and sir. On the 26th of January 1788 14 English ships carrying convicts and soldiers
arrived in Australia. Upon arrival captain Arthur Phillip planned to live with the indigenous people in
harmony. Soon that changed, when the indigenous were being killed by British convicts that
disliked them. The Aboriginals were thought as backward, unproductive and an obstacle to
development. The reason for colonialism is for; Intellectual, Religious, Economic and political
reasons. The British came for economic power. Today I will be focusing on four main topics; what
is the white Australia policy, why was it made, the social, economic and cultural impacts of the white
Australia policy and the impact it had on the Chinese community.
The White...show more content...
The source is about the problems Chinese will bring if they are allowed into Australia. In the source
the Europeans are suffering from what is said on the same tentacle that is grabbing the. The source
show an octopus with a human head, the head has squinty eyes and buck teeth representing a
Chinese man. The message the author is trying to present is that if he Chinese are allowed into
Australia than the problems happening in the cartoon will also happen in real life. This source
represents the dominant view on Australian society and is therefore an effective source.The white
Australia policy had a big impact on the cultural, social and economic aspects of Australia. The gold
rushes changed Australia economically. The gold mined, brought great wealth to immigrant and
white miners but these also brought social tensions between the two communities. The social tension
would have been mostly removed with the introduction of the white Australia policy and the removal
of most Chinese and non–European immigrants. The introduction of the white Australia policy also
brought a decline in Australia's economy, as the removal of non–European labourers brought a
decline in production which in turn made the economy drop. The non–European

White Australia Policy Essay

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White Australia Policy Essay