This document discusses the chemical element lithium. It provides basic characteristics of lithium such as its atomic number, classification as an alkali metal, physical properties including density and melting/boiling points. It discusses lithium's reactivity and natural isotopes. The discovery of lithium by Johan August Arfwedson in 1817 is summarized, as is its subsequent extraction by Brande and Davy. The document concludes by noting the natural occurrence of lithium and some of its significant applications.
1. Chemistry Reflection
For the three students, a major reason for not liking chemistry was the unknowing surrounding the
point of each lesson and unit in their lives. I believe making learning intentions known to students
can frame their learning in lessons and help to gain an understanding of the overall picture for the
unit. With my learning intentions in this unit I want to have two specific intentions, and one
intention that relates their learning to real–life examples. Making learning relevant will increase
engagement (Hipkins et al.,2002). Sadler (1989) argues that if a teacher and students' ideas
surrounding learning, and quality of the learning are not similar, monitoring of working being
produced becomes difficult for teachers and students. I could introduce learning intentions in two
ways. The first is to introduce learning intentions at the beginning of the lesson, which will suit John
as it will reduce his anxiety around expectations on him for the lesson. By knowing what is expected
he can work towards these, and enjoy the learning process. The second way is to complete the
learning, then allow students to reflect on the purpose of the class. This will suit Mark and Tim as it
will challenge them to participate in lesson Making learning intentions clear for students it
encourages students to reflect against the learning intentions and assess their progress towards
achieving them (Absolum, 2011). Once learning intentions have been shared, it allows students to
engage with the lesson
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2. The History of Chemistry Essay
The History of Chemistry
Chemistry is the science of the composition and structure of materials and of the changes that
materials undergo. It is also used in improving standards of living, making it possible for such
substances as rubber, nylon, and plastics to be made from completely different materials. New
materials and new properties of old materials are always being discovered. Some earlier products
discovered from chemical reactions are ceramics, glass, and metals. Dyes and medicines were other
early products obtained from natural substances. Some practical applications that chemistry is used
for are to make stronger metals, improve soil, and the developments of live–saving drugs. Modern
technology depends highly on these...show more content...
They did know that iron could be made from certain rock and that bronze was a mixture of copper
and tin. From the beginning of the Christian Era to the 17th and 18th centuries was the period of
chemistry known as alchemy. Alchemists believed that metals could be changed into gold with the
help of a mystical stone which was never found. They did, however, discover many new elements
and compounds. Paracelsus, a talented Swiss alchemist, decided that alchemy should be for helping
to cure the sick instead of searching for gold. The main elements that he used were salt, sulfur, and
mercury, all which are connected to "elixir." This period of practicing medicine was known as
iatrochemistry, which is the study of medicine with chemistry applied. One of the first real scientific
chemist was Robert Boyle. In 1661, he helped to find the Royal Society of England, a scientific
society. For about two centuries after Boyle, scientists started making useful discoveries, even
though, they were far from understanding the true nature of matter or knowing what happens in
chemical reactions. One of the most confusing events of this time period was the theory of burning,
or combustion, called the phlogiston theory. According to this theory, a yellowness or hardness was
supposed to escape from substances during the burning process. By now, chemists were starting to
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3. Green Chemistry Essay
Green Chemistry
Many companies all over the world produce chemicals for their products that are harmful to the
environment, human health, and to all living species. Green Chemistry is the use of chemistry for
the prevention of chemical pollution to the environment by using chemicals that are benign, or not
harmful. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) states that the mission of Green Chemistry
is, "To promote innovative chemical technologies that reduce or eliminate the use or generation of
hazardous substances in the design, manufacture, and use of chemical products." Green Chemistry
contains any aspects and...show more content...
The EPA and the Syracuse Research Corporation developed the Chemistry Expert System (GCES)
which is used to develop and analyze the various principles of Green Chemistry. They find sources
of waste and evaluate the amounts and risks produced. After, they explore opportunities to solve
these problems. To help them achieve this, the Alternative Solvents Database (SolvDB) was
constructed to help chemists and researchers quickly find alternatives to the harmful chemicals
being used at the time. The Syracuse Research Center now has the largest database for this type of
information. They are also currently developing a PBT profiler. PBT is the prediction of the
persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of chemical substances. This profiler will screen for the
PBT's in chemicals so that the harmful chemicals will become known, and maybe even changed.
It has also been a major concern by many organizations to educate people about Green Chemistry.
The objective of these groups is to spread the awareness of Green Chemistry principles, alternatives,
practices and their benefits in the educational system. This would mean at all levels from graduate,
undergraduate and even kindergarten to 12 programs. This is so people will stop using products
that are hazardous to themselves and the ecosystem and become more aware of the dangers and
unfavorable effects it has had on the
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4. Chemistry Essay
Twelve was a terrifying age for me. It was the year that everything became open to doubt. That year
I questioned all subjects from God to gravity. My friends seemed unreliable so I ostracized myself,
avoiding all intimacy and any semblance of amiability. I stopped listening in church because my
Sunday–School lessons brought up more questions than I was capable of dealing with. Instead I
concentrated on the two constants in my life, school and family. Education and love became the two
pillars my world was balanced on.
I especially enjoyed Chemistry. I loved that laws governed the universe. I loved that Science knew
that nuclei were made up of protons and neutrons, that electrons were negative, and that opposite
forces attract. These...show more content...
Because of my self–absorption, I didn't see what was going on right in front of me. I knew, of
course, that my father had lost his job. I noticed that he was not looking well, that he had gained
weight and went days without shaving. Looking back now, I remember his laugh becoming short
and sardonic when we heard it at all. I remember how he hardly ever met our eyes and never met
the eyes of my mother. But after talking with my brothers I realize that I was mostly oblivious to the
despair that surrounded my family that year. Whenever my home seemed less than secure, I would
most often disappear into my room with my chemistry book. I never thought anything was seriously
wrong.
It was a huge shock one day, to enter my mothers' room and find her sobbing on her bed. My
mother never cries except at sappy movies and weddings. She never sobs. She's a strong, brave
woman. Seeing her crying upset my carefully guarded universe. I rushed to her, willing to do
anything to comfort her and to put my world straight.
She tried to compose herself and failed. With tears sticking her hair to her face, she said, " I'm sorry,
I've tried. I've tried so hard! But I can't, I just can't!"
"What's wrong Mom? Tell me what happened!" I sat on the bed, enfolding my mother in an
awkward hug. Her tears soaked into my shirt.
"I just don't love him. I've tried but it's no use. I stopped years ago, but he's gotten so much worse. I
don't even like
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5. Chemistry In Chemistry
Chemistry is used in a lot of things in modern day. Chemistry is used to make medicine and drugs
and it is used to make food that we consume each day. Using chemistry these days is vital because
drugs are used to cure people and the food we eat should be germ free. Also Chemistry is used for
advancement of technology. Chemistry can be used in physics while our own body is made up of a
lot of elements which has to deal with chemistry.
Chemistry is used in making drugs because it is the foundation of medicine. Human beings use
chemical reactions to create medication for a broad spectrum of illness and they utilize medicinal
plants and animals. Chemical reactions take place in plants and animals, this result in the formation
of substances in some plants and animals that can be used to treat illness. Chemistry is important to
everyday life, because it provides medicine. A lot of people would be dying right now if chemistry is
not used to create medications. Also chemistry can be used to talk about the substances. Like
analytical chemistry which uses instruments and any method used to separate, identify, and quantify
matter. It consists of using classical qualitative methods for separation such as precipitation,
distillation, and extraction. After such methods are used the qualities of a given substance may be
identified based on differences in color, the odor it gives, the melting point, the boiling point, and the
radioactivity or reactivity of that substance. Classical
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6. My Passion About Chemistry
As Nelson Mandela says: "Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the
world."
And you know "Science can change the world".
Science has the power to materialize dreams. It's an engine of creation. Science makes real the things
that everyone wish they had. We design the future and make it a reality.
And I am a gifted student in all subjects, but I am particularly passionate about Chemistry. I
constantly explore and learn new horizons of knowledge, to improve my knowledge. In the
secondary school, I was a typical college student attending the city level chemistry competition and
winning many medal prizes for the school. Up to the high school, continue learning, I used to wish
that I could set up a chemistry club to share my passion about chemistry for every student at my
school, and now I did it, that's Explore Chemistry.
CHEMISTRY !! Why I have strong passion about Chemistry !!? Why Chemistry is my favorite
subject !!? Why I am good at this subject!!?
First is my dad who is a doctor and he teachs chemistry in a...show more content...
She is a role model of Chemistry's passion, which despite very small success rates. She dedicated to
the cause of science in the world, constantly developing, creative. She devoted her whole mind,
enthusiasm and life to the cause of science. She is the author of a well–known manifesto: "In
science, it is important to invent something, not the researcher itself." She give me inspiration, hope
and keep me spirits up in Chemistry. She grant me a power to come across stressful time. She gives
me inspiration, hope and keeps me mentally up in Chemistry. She gives me the strength to go
through stressful times and write down my mood in Campus LETTER Notebook. Therefore I will
try my best to learn better with Campus, to change myself , change Vietnam escape poverty and
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7. Essay about Chemistry
The Battle Between Absorbency: Clay and Charcoal
Abstract
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are extremely dangerous to human and aquatic life
when presented in water. The removal of the PHAs are done by using absorbent material. In this
experiment we tested Bentonite clay and charcoal by finding the absorbency of both. The results we
came to is the clay is the better absorbent.
Introduction
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are 16 different pollutants together. Eight of these are
considered carcinogenic, while others can lead to mutations of wildlife that encounter them. Humans
can come into contact by swimming in water where they are present because of pollution, but mostly
it is from drinking water, which has PAH...show more content...
Absorbent
% Transmittance
Absorbance
Charcoal 1
11.2
0.950781977
Charcoal 2
11.8
0.928117993
Charcoal 3
12
0.920818754
Clay 1
14.6
0.835647144
Clay 2
14.4
0.841637508
Clay 3
14.2
0.847711656
There are several the problems with our results. For instance, at О»max the results from week two
show that the clay and charcoal have more absorption than the stock solution of .05 mM dye. This
was noticed during the lab, and we ran the stock solution by itself again, and got the transmittance to
be 17.2%, which is different than the18.4% that we got week one. This was found that the stock
solution is re–mixed daily and there was a variation of the actual concentration of the solution.
8. Also, there was error in the fact that our lab weighed the charcoal and then grinded, so we lost part
of the substance in the grinding part of lab. This could lead to the absorbance being faulted because
there was then less surface area to show to absorb.
By looking at the data, it would be suggested from our results that clay is the better absorbent
because it has the lesser of the absorbance. This is because charcoal absorbs differently than the
clay. The clay becomes a good absorbent because it takes the dye and keeps it between multiple
layers,
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9. Reflection Of Chemistry
During the first semester we have learned about different information that all relates to the topic
of chemistry. Many of the things include matter,particle structure, and discoverers. First and
foremost, There are many phases and facts about matter starting off with the solid. Solids are
tightly compact and their particles vibrate. When the temperature starts to increase the solid will
start to melt and become a liquid. Second is liquids a liquids particles are loosely arranged and
slightly move. When the temperature starts to increase the phase it changes to is gas and when
the temperature starts to decrease a liquid will start to freeze and eventually become a solid.
Finally gas is the phase we're the particles are completely free to move around in all directions.
When a gas is put in a cooler environment it will produce condensation. Moreover, what would
chemistry be without particles all particles have been found by different discovers and in different
one being Democritus a Greek philosopher who introduced the idea of "Atomos". Second is John
Dalton which is where the modern atomic theory begins with the idea of all single elements have
the same mass. John dalton also proposed the ideas of all atoms of a differents elements are
different, atoms cannot be divided, created, or destroyed, atoms of different elements combine in
simple whole–number ratios to compounds. His model was known as the Billiard Ball model. Third
is J.J. Thomson the discoverer
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10. My Interest In AP Chemistry
I am interested in attending this program because I am currently in AP Chemistry and I have
taken AP Biology in my sophomore year which I really enjoyed. Because I took these courses I
truly believe that going to the program will be an opportunity for me to integrate my knowledge
and further explore topics that I have not been exposed to yet. I also would like to explore Purdue
University in general and see how the campus is. I am also intrigued by the idea of looking into
different chemicals and how much influence they have on human health. It's possible that through
this program we will discover new chemicals that will be the solution to an epidemic. I believe there
is so much to learn, beyond what I have learned at school and therefore
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11. Chemical Element Essay
Element: Lithium
Lithium and Its Basic Characteristics
The chemical element Lithium (Li) has an atomic number 3and is the first member of the Alkali
metal family. This element is also the least dense of all the metals– about half of the density of
water. Lithium is a very soft silvery metal that has a melting point of 180.54Лљc and a boiling point
of 1,335Лљc. This is an active element but nit as active as the other Alkali metals. This element
reacts slowly on a water having a room temperature and rapidly at high temperatures. Also, lithium
reacts with most acids that gives off hydrogen gas but does not react with oxygen. Under conditions,
lithium is combined with sulfur, hydrogen, nitrogen and halogens. There are two naturally occurring
isotopes;...show more content...
In his studies, he could not identify 10% of the mineral. He then concluded that the missing 10%
must be a new element. He called the element "Lithium", from the greek word Lithos which means
stone. He was not able to produce lithium. About a year later, however, Swedish chemist William
Thomas Brande (1788–1866) and English chemist Sir Humphry Davy (1778–1829) were both able
to extract the pure metal from its compounds.
Occurrence or Relevance in Nature
The abundance of Lithium in the Earth's crust is estimated to be about 0.005 percent that places it
among the top 15 elements found here in Earth. Aside from spodumene, petalite, and lepitdolite,
lithium is also obtained from saltwater. Lithium metal as well as its compounds have great uses.
Two of the most significant applications are in the Glass and ceramic field and in the production of
aluminum. The first commercial use of aluminum was in the production of alloys early lithium
alloys included lead and were used to make tough ball bearings for machineries.
Trivias/ Fun Facts
–The largest producer of lithium is the United States. Three of the largest U.S. mines are located in
the Silver Peak, Nevada, and Kings Mountain and Bessemer City, North
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12. My Reflection In Chemistry
I found this Chemistry class to be interesting but very challenging. I never really thought about how
Chemistry was involved in every aspect of our lives. Starting with the air we breathe. Air is
considered a mixture which is a physical combination of two or more substances present in variable
amounts. Oxygen plays a very important role in our lives and other living organisms. It also helps
with burning fuels and also protects us from the dangers of UV light from being a part of the
ozone layer. Oxygen is a very reactive element that forms compounds such as oxides. Oxygen is
found in the air we breathe and the water we drink. Ozone is a different form of oxygen that
combines three oxygen atoms together. The ground level ozone which is called the troposphere is
considered an air pollutant that forms in the presence of sunlight from other pollutants in our
atmosphere but the ozone layer that is up in the Earth's upper atmosphere which is called the
stratosphere which protects us from the sun's harmful rays by filtering the UV light. The
stratosphere is formed naturally and acts like the Earth's sunglasses.
The next thing that I learned about in this class was about atoms. Atoms are made up of three parts:
protons, neutrons and electrons. The protons which has a positive electrical charge, the neutrons
which have no electrical charge and are found together with the protons in the nucleus of an atom.
Then there are electrons which have a negative electrical charge
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