ty

1. gas chromatograph (GC)

2. G
a
schrom
atograp
h
yisate
c
h
n
iq
u
efo
rs
e
p
aratin
gc
h
e
m
icals
u
b
sta
n
c
e
sth
at
relieso
ndifferencesinpartitioningbehaviorb
e
twe
e
naflowingmobilep
h
a
s
ea
n
d
astationaryp
h
a
s
etoseparatethec
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
sinamixture.T
h
eflameionization
d
etecto
r(F
ID
)isth
em
o
sts
e
n
sitiveg
aschrom
atograp
h
icd
etectorfor
hy
drocarbonss
u
c
hasbutaneorhexane.
Principle of g
a
s chromatography
: T
h
e s
a
mp
le solution injected into the
instrument enters ag
a
sstreamwh
ic
htransports the s
a
mpleinto aseparation
tubek
n
o
w
nasthe"column."(Heliumornitrogenisu
s
e
dastheso-calledcarrier
gas.) T
h
e various c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s are separated inside the column. T
h
e detector
m
e
a
s
u
re
sthe quantity of the c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
sthat exit the column. T
om
e
a
s
u
r
ea
s
a
mp
le with a
n u
n
k
n
o
w
n concentration, a standard s
a
mp
le with k
n
o
w
n
concentrationisinjectedintotheinstrument.T
h
estandards
a
mp
lep
e
akretention
time(appearancetime)a
n
dareaarec
o
m
p
a
r
e
dtothetests
a
mp
letocalculatethe
concentration.

43. Type of GC at Chem. Eng.
Department
Agilent 6890 Gas Chromatograph with Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID)

44. Type of GC at Chem. Eng.
Department
2.
Shimazu 14 A Gas Chromatograph with Thermal Conductivity Detector (GC-
TCD)

45. Phase Applications Polarity
Temperature
range °C
HP-FFAP
(Nitroterephthalic acid modified
polyethylene glycol)
(0.52 um, 0.32mm I.D.X25 m long)
Acids, Alcohols, Aldehydes, Acrylates,
Ketones, Nitriles High polarity 60 – 240/250 °C
Inno-Wax
(polyethylene glycol (PEG)
(0.5 um, 0.32mm I.D.X30 m long)
Alcohols, Free Acids, Aromatics,
Essential Oils, Solvents
High polarity -20 – 260 °C
HP-1
(Cross linked Methyl Siloxane)
(0.88 um, 0.53mm I.D.X5 m long)
hydrocarbons, pesticides,
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and
sulfur compounds.
non polar -60 – 325/350 o
HP-5
(5%-Phenyl)-methylpolysiloxane)
(0.1 um, 0.1mm I.D.X10 m long)
Alkaloids, drugs, FAMEs, halogenated
compounds, aromatic compounds
non polar -60 – 325/350 o
DB-Wax
(Polyethylene glycol (PEG)
(0.25 um, 0.32mm I.D.X30 m long)
Alcohols,glycols, aromatics polar 40-240 °C
List of Capillary Column

46. GC Column Phase Selection Guide

53. Features of HP-1 Column

55. HP-5

65. Phase Applications
Molecular Sieve 5A
(80/100 mesh, 3mm I.D.X2 m long)
a)The strong ionic forces of the divalent calcium ion makes it an
excellent
adsorbent to remove water, CO2, H2S from sour natural gas streams,
while mini missing COS formation. Light mercaptans are also adsorbed.
b) Separation of normal- and iso paraffin’s.
c)Production of high purity N2, O2, H2 and inert gases from mixed
gas streams
d)Static, (non-regenerative) dehydration of insulating glass units,
whether air filled or gas-filled.
Porapak Q
(50/80 mesh, 3 mm I.D. X 3 m long)
atmospheric gases to organics.
Porapak R
(50/80 mesh, 3 mm I.D. X 3 m long)
analysis of gases, acids, amines, organics of low
carbon number and water

66. Inorganic gases

67. Inorganic gases

68. Resources and references
• https://www.slideshare.net/shaisejacob/gas-chromatography-
ppt
• https://www.agilent.com/en/products/gas-chromatography/gc-
columns/capillary#0 .
• Robert L.Grob. “Modern Practice of Gas Chromatiograhy” 2nd
Edition . John Wilet& Sons, N.Y. Singapore, 1985.
• D.A.Skoog. “Principles of Instrumental Analysis” 3rd Edition,
Saunders College Publishing, 1985.