This presentation is only for those who are going to appear in PET-2011 (Ph.D. Entrance Test, Bhavnagar University) and have not appeared in any examination of English Grammar at School or College level. It has elementary understanding of English Grammar for PET.

1. ‘English’
Language of Communication
PET - 2011
1st October, 2011
Saturday
Dr. Dilip Barad
dilipbarad@gmail.com
Saturday, October 01, 2011 www.dilipbarad.com 1

2. • A guide to Slide Show:
• This presentation is only for those who are going to
appear in PET-2011 and have not appeared in any
examination of English Grammar at School or
College level.
• Click to view directly the specific slide
• Click here to view presentation from the beginning
• Click here to view the List of Books
• Click here to view List of Website for Online Grammar Quiz
Saturday, October 01, 2011 www.dilipbarad.com 2

3. (B) COURSE CONTENT OF LANGUAGE
OF COMMUNICATION
• • Parts of Speech and their Usages
• i. Nouns
• ii. Verbs
• iii. Adjectives
• iv. Adverbs Back
to
• V. Pronouns index
page
• vi. Prepositions
• vii. Conjunctions
• viii. Interjections
Saturday, October 01, 2011 www.dilipbarad.com 3

4. Examples: Parts of Speech
• Identify ‘parts of speech’ of the underlined
words:
• John is appearing in PET-2011. (N-V-V-Pre-N)
• Either Rama or Laxman will be selected in DRC
(Departmental Research Committee).
(Conjunction – Verb)
• He successfully passed the test. (Pro- Adverb)
Back
to
index
page
Saturday, October 01, 2011 www.dilipbarad.com 4

5. Examples – Parts of Speech
• Hurrah! I have cleared DRC. (Interjection)
• He is cycling – Cycling is good for exercise.
(Cycling – Verb / Noun-gerund)
• This is very interesting. (Adverb – Adjective).
• Choose the right option: “You have done it
successfully”.
a) Noun-Verb-Adverb Back
to
b) Verb-Pronoun-Adverb index
c) Pronoun-Noun-adjective page
Saturday, October 01, 2011 www.dilipbarad.com 5

6. (B) COURSE CONTENT OF
LANGUAGE OF COMMUNICATION
• • Articles
• ‘A’, ‘An’ and ‘The’ Back
to
index
page
Saturday, October 01, 2011 www.dilipbarad.com 6

7. Examples: Articles
• My friend sent _____ SMS regarding this message. (A, An, The)
• ___ UGC has announced …… (A, An, The)
• Is the use of ‘article’ appropriate in the below
given sentence?
1. The Earth revolves round the Sun.
2. Do you believe that the above given sentence is
wrong?
3. Have you seen the earth revolving round the
sun? Back
to
All three sentences are ‘TRUE’. index
page
Saturday, October 01, 2011 www.dilipbarad.com 7

8. (B) COURSE CONTENT OF LANGUAGE OF
COMMUNICATION
• • Types of Sentence and its Structure
• i. Declarative sentences
• ii. Interrogative sentences
• iii. Imperative sentences
• iv. Exclamatory sentences; also,
• v. Simple sentence Back
• vi. Compound sentence to
• vii. Complex sentence index
• viii. Remove “too” page
• ix. Superlative Sentences
• x. Comparative Sentences
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9. Examples: Types of Sentences
• Have you passed the PET? (Identify the type of
this sentence)
a) Interrogative
b) Exclamatory
c) Imperative Back
to
d) Assertive index
page
Saturday, October 01, 2011 www.dilipbarad.com 9

10. Example: Remove ‘too’
• After removing ‘too’, is it correct to write this
sentence (‘The teacher is too lenient to be
strict’.) as – ‘The teacher is so lenient that she
cannot be strict’.
a) False Back
b) True to
index
c) ‘So’ cannot be used to replace ‘too’ page
d) None of the above is true
Saturday, October 01, 2011 www.dilipbarad.com 10

11. Example: Degrees
Positive Comparative Superlative
Strong Stronger Strongest
Great Greater Greater
Fast Faster Fastest
Big Bigger Biggest
Much/Many Mucher/Manyer Muchest/Manyest
Beautiful Beautifler Beautifulest
Good Gooder Goodest
Back
Bad Badder Baddest to
index
Popular Popularer Popularest page
Sincere Sincerer Sincererest
Saturday, October 01, 2011 www.dilipbarad.com 11

12. Example: Degrees
Positive Comparative Superlative
Strong Stronger Strongest
Great Greater Greater
Fast Faster Fastest
Big Bigger Biggest
Much/Many More Most
Beautiful More Beautiful Most Beautiful
Good Better Best Back
to
Bad Worse Worst index
page
Popular More Popular Most Popular
Sincere More sincere Most sincere
Saturday, October 01, 2011 www.dilipbarad.com 12

13. (B) COURSE CONTENT OF LANGUAGE
OF COMMUNICATION
• • Usages of Tense in English
• • Active and Passive Voice
Back
to
• Please see the attached PDF file for examples. index
page
Saturday, October 01, 2011 www.dilipbarad.com 13

14. Example: Tense and Voice
Rules of Voice and example are in scanned PDF copy attached
with the email Back
to
index
page
Simple Present Tense
I love research activity. Research activity is loved by me.
Present Continuous Tense
I am loving research activity Research activity is being loved by me.
Saturday, October 01, 2011 www.dilipbarad.com 14

15. (B) COURSE CONTENT OF
LANGUAGE OF COMMUNICATION
Back
to
• • Direct and Indirect Speech index
page
Rules:
• Tense of ‘Reporting Verb’ does not change.
• In reported speech (indirect speech), Tense,
Pronoun and words denoting nearness of
time & position undergo certain changes.
Saturday, October 01, 2011 www.dilipbarad.com 15

16. Example: Speech
• He said: “I am very busy now”.
• He said that he was very busy then.
Back
to
index
page
Saturday, October 01, 2011 www.dilipbarad.com 16

17. Tense in indirect speech
Different forms of verb ‘Do’
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Do / does Did
Did Had done
Had done
Am/is/are doing Was/were doing
Was/were doing Had been doing
Had been doing
Will/shall do Would/should do
Will/shall be doing Would/should be doing
Will/shall have done Would / should have
Back
May Might to
index
Can Could
page
Has/have to 01, 2011
Saturday, October Had to
www.dilipbarad.com 17

18. Pronoun – Indirect speech
• He said to me, “I don’t believe you”.
• He said he didn’t believe me.
• She said to him, “I don’t believe you”.
• She said she didn’t believe him.
Back
to
index
page
Saturday, October 01, 2011 www.dilipbarad.com 18

19. Words denoting nearness and remoteness
Direct speech Indirect speech
This / these That / those Back
to
Here There index
Now Then (often omitted) page
Ago Before
Last The previous / the ----- before -----
Next The following / the ----- after -----
Today That day
Tonight That night
Hence Thence
Hither Thither
Yesterday The previous day / the day before
Tomorrow The next day / the following day / the day
Saturday, October 01, 2011
after
www.dilipbarad.com 19

20. Example
• Angelo said, “I'll meet you at that place some
hour hence.” (The Comedy of Errors. W. Shakespeare)
• Angelo said that he would meet him/her at that
place some hour thence.
• Charles said, “I am heartily glad I came hither to
you.” (As You Like It. W. Shakespeare)
• Charles said that he was heartily glad he had
come thither to him/her. Back
to
index
page
Saturday, October 01, 2011 www.dilipbarad.com 20

21. Example:
• Possible types of MCQ (multiple choice questions):
– Identify the speech in following sentences: Back
to
– select the right indirect speech: index
– true – false page
• He said, “We opened a branch of our firm here
two years ago but we haven’t been able to make
any progress”.
• He said that they opened a branch of their firm
there two years before but they hadn’t been able
to make any progress.
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22. Back
to
index
page
Internet sources for MCQ type quiz - English Grammar
• Online quiz: (Pleases click on the logo to open the website or check the
list of web links in the attached word file)
Saturday, October 01, 2011 www.dilipbarad.com 22

23. List of books:
• David Greed – ‘Contemporary English Grammar Structures
and Composition’. Pub: Macmillan Back
to
• R.P. Sinh – ‘Oxford English Grammar and Usage with index
Composition’. Pub: Oxford Press. page
• Wren & Martin – ‘High School English Grammar &
Composition’. Pub: S. Chand
Saturday, October 01, 2011 www.dilipbarad.com 23

24. Why is English given so much importance in
Research?
• It is believed that – the knowledge accepted at
international level is available in English.
• To make our research known to the world –
English is the only express way!
• We want to know ‘what the world is doing’
and we want the world to know what we are
doing’.
Back
to
index
Saturday, October 01, 2011 www.dilipbarad.com
page 24

25. Let us end our discussion on
humorous note:
• Watch these videos:
• English academy – watch this video on www.youtube.com >
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qCQQB4nElA
• School teacher – watch this video on www.youtube.com >
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eUo7BL6NFus&feature=related
Back
to
index
page
Saturday, October 01, 2011 www.dilipbarad.com 25

26. An Idea is more important than
language – language is nothing but
a tool / vehicle to convey ideas.
Research activities are based on
ideas – innovative, critical and
creative ideas. Back
to
index
page
Saturday, October 01, 2011 www.dilipbarad.com 26

27. Thank you!
• UGC has made it mandatory to submit one
copy of synopsis/dissertation in English.
• Email: dilipbarad@gmail.com
• www.facebook.com/dilipbarad
• www.facebook.com/dr.dilipbarad
• Website: www.dilipbarad.com
Saturday, October 01, 2011 www.dilipbarad.com 27