Introduction to water supply Engineering. Basic definitions in water supply engineering. Importance of water supply engineering. Financing of water supply schemes. Flow diagram of water supply scheme, layouts of water supply schemes, etc.

1. 1.Introduction:
Environmental Engineering-I
( Subject Code - CEC 605 , Mumbai University)
( Water Supply Engineering)
Prof. Dhaval S. Shah
(B.E. - Civil, M.Tech. - Environmental Engineering)
Assistant Professor

4. 1.Introduction
• Module 1
• Sub Module 1.1 Man's Environment:
a) Environment, Environmental Science, Environmental
Engineering.
b) Importance of Environmental Sanitation / Importance &
Necessity of Planned Water Supplies
c) Definitions: i) Pure water ii) Wholesome Water
iii) Palatable Water iv) Potable Water v) Distilled Water
vi) De-Ionised Water vii) Polluted Water viii) Contaminated
Water
d) Sorces of water
e) Components & Layout of Water Supply Schemes
f) Data to be Collected for Water Supply Scheme
g) Financing of Water Supply Schemes
h) Pricing of Municipal Water Supplies

5. Environment
1) Everything Surrounding
to us
2) Environment is a very
broad term, it includes all
things that is above,
below, around us be it air,
water, or plant and animal
life
3) The complex of Physical,
Chemical & Biotic factors
affecting an organism &
ultimately determining its
form & survival is known
as Environment

6. Environmental science
vs
Environmental Engineering
• Environmental science: Environmental science is
an interdisciplinary academic field that integrates
physical, biological and information sciences (including
ecology, biology, physics, chemistry, zoology,
mineralogy, oceanology, limnology, soil science,
geology, atmospheric science, and geodesy) to the study
of the environment, and the solution of environmental
problems.
• Environmental Engineering: It is the application of
science or engineering principles to improve the natural
environment (air, water and/or land resources), to
provide healthy water, air & land for human habitation &
for other organisms, and to remediate pollution sites.

7. Importance of Environmental Sanitation /
Importance & Necessity of Planned Water Supplies
1. Provides constant & reliable water supply for design population
2. Provides Wholesome water for drinking, cooking, bathing,
washing ,etc. so as to keep disease away & promoting better
health
3. Supply water for fountains, gardens, etc. thus helping in
maintaining better sanitation & beautification of surrounding,
thereby reducing environmental pollution
4. Ensures safety against fire by providing sufficient quantity of
water to extinguish it.
5. Attracts industries, thus helping in industrialisation &
modernisation of the society, concequently reducing
unemplyment & ensures better living standards.
6. Help in promoting wealth & welfare of the entire Humanity as a
whole

8. Pure & Wholesome Water
Pure water: It is that water which contains only
two parts of Hydroge & one part of Oxygen
Wholesome water: Water which is fit to use for
drinking, cooking, washing without any potentil
danger to human health
• It will neither contain any chemicals or impurities
in excess of which they may harm a human body
nor any harmful bacteria. ( Chemically impure)
• A water which is safe due to absence of harmful
bacteria may or may not be wholesome, but
wholesome water will always be safe.

10. Palatable & Potable Water
• The water which is tasteful for drinking &
asthetically pure, is known as Palatable water.
• The water which is suitable for public water
supply is known as potable water. It has
characteristics of both, Wholesome & palatable
water.
• In literal terms, potable water is safe to drink
where as palatable water is water at a desirable
temperature, that is free from objectionable
tastes, odors, colors, and turbidity.
• So, water that is safe to drink but smells like
rotten eggs is potable. Water that is safe to drink
and smells like nothing (water is odorless) is
palatable.

11. Sources of
Water
Surface
Sources
Sub Surface
Sources
1) Rivers 2) Lakes
3) Ponds 4)
Streams 5) Oceans
6) Canals
1) Wells 2) Tube Wells
3) Infilteration Galleries
4) Infilteration Wells
5) springs

12. Earth's Water distribution

13. Earth's Water distribution

14. Data to be Collected for Water
Supply Scheme
• Source of Raw Water
• Quantity of Water
a) Population
b) Water demand
c) Design period
• Quality of water
• Survey Data:
topograpgical maps of
Intake, raising
main ,WTP, location
of ESR
• Plan or map of city
• Acquisition of land &
compensations to be
paid to the land
owners & legal
complecations
• Existing water supply
position of the town &
possibility of its
expansion

15. Surface Source Of Water
Intake Works
Pumping
Rising Main
Water Treatment Plant
Elevated Service Reservoir
Distribution Systems
Flow Diagram of water supply Scheme

16. Open
Well
Pump House ESR Distibution
a) Village water supply scheme
Source
Intake
well
Jack
well
Flash
Mixer
Coagulation
Flaocculati-
on
Clarifier
Rapid sand
Filter
Clorin-
ation
Filter Water
Tank
ESR Distibution
b) City Water Supply Scheme
Layouts of water supply schemes

17. Financing of Water Supply Scheme
• Huge amounts of money is required for planning, designing
& execution.
• The capital investment as well as RMO charges along with
the depreciation & interest charges, must be returned by
beneficiaries in the form of revenue returns from the sale of
water.
• In developing country like India their is problem of
availability of funds.
• India has been able to cover about 84% of its urban
population which is about 30% of total population.

18. Pricing of Municipal Water Supplies
• In poor & developing country differential rates for various
uses is permissible ( Rates for domestic uses < rates for
commercial uses < rates for industrial uses )
• When rates are heavily under-prised, the consumers
waste water by litres.
• Low water rates, thus, bring water management on a low
priority area, and leads to alround wastage &
mismanagement of water supply schemes.
• Water rates in India for municipal siupplies are abysmally
low, compared to global standards.
• With prevailing rates, recovery of neither depreciation &
interest cost on capital nor O & M charges is possible.

19. Pricing of Municipal Water Supplies
• For full recovery of
operation, maintenance &
capital cost, expert
analysis have suggested
a tariff of Rs. 15/- per kL
for treated water supplied
through piped supplies.
• The existing rates in
States of India vary from
Rs. 0.01/- per kL to Rs.
3.60/- per kL. ( Mizoram-
Rs. 10/- per kL. For
Industries Avg. Rs 12/kL.)
SR.
No.
Name of
Country
Avg. Water
Tariff in $ per
kL.
1 India 0.03
2 Australia 0.50
3 USA 0.51
4 UK 1.18
5 France 1.23
6 Netherlands 1.25
7 Belgium 1.25
8 Denmark 1.54
9 Germany 1.91

20. Time for Assignment

21. Assignment No.1
• Write down various points to be considered in
planing a water supply scheme for a town. Enlist
& explain various components of public water
supply scheme & draw the flow diagram of
public water supply scheme. ( MU-DEC.-10 )
• Explain the necessity of planned water supply
scheme. (MU- MAY-11, DEC.-13, DEC.-16)
• Define: safe, wholesome, palatable, potable
water
• Collect the water bills of i) societies, ii) Bunglow,
iii) public buildings, iv) Industries & find out unit
rate of water in Rs/kL.

22. References
• Garg,S.K.,(2013). Water Supply Engineering ( Environmental
engineering Vol-I ), 23rd
edition, Khanna pbl.,New Delhi, pp 1-6.
• Lad,R.K., Gidde, M.R., Mali, S.T., (2015). Environmental
engineering - I, 1st edition, Technical pbl., Pune, pp-1.1-1.8.
• Modi,P.N.,(2010). Water Supply Engineering ( Environmental
engineering Vol-I ), Third edition, Standard Book House, New Delhi,
pp 1-7.
• Punmia,B.C., Jain, A.K., Jain,A.K,(2011). Water Supply
Engineering, Laxmi Pbl., New Delhi, pp 1-9
• Google Images.
• Relevant PPts & research papers from internet.
• slideshare,etc.