CIVIL CONSTRUCTION INFATIMA FERTILIZER COMPANY LIMITED
Engineers Club Of Memphis V2
1. Structure Type Studies for
Local Infrastructure Managers
Engineers Club of Memphis
8.22.2011
2. U.S. Bridge
History
Working Together
Engineering Case Study
Project Profiles
Engineers Club of Memphis - 8.22.2011
3. U.S. Bridge
U.S. Bridge has been Bridging America for 75
years. Since 1936 we have been
manufacturing bridges in the United States
with the highest regard for our customers
needs and quality of our work. As the largest
manufacturer pre-fabricated steel truss
bridges in the United States, we remain the
trusted leader in the industry.
Engineers Club of Memphis - 8.22.2011
4. History
Founded as
American
Culvert in 1936
by brothers
Herman & Ted
Rogovin
Engineers Club of Memphis - 8.22.2011
5. History
Designing & Building Truss
Bridges for over 60 years
Engineers Club of Memphis - 8.22.2011
6. Location
Cambridge, Ohio
Juncture of I-70 & I77
21 shops covering
250,000 sq ft. in 11
buildings
Engineers Club of Memphis - 8.22.2011
7. How we work with you
Feasibility Assessments
Programming Costs
Specifications & Schematic
Details
Preliminary Engineering
Modeling & Rendering
Engineers Club of Memphis - 8.22.2011
8. How we work with you …
Hard Bid Quotes & Information
Engineering Design & Plan Submittals
Construction Submittals
Engineers Club of Memphis - 8.22.2011
9. How we work with you …
On-Site
Installation
Assistance
Engineers Club of Memphis - 8.22.2011
11. Purpose of the Paper
To give local infrastructure managers a guide and
reference to use when scoping and evaluating a site
for a bridge project.
Ensures all costs and factors are
considered, including life cycle costs.
Real world sites and examples.
First of a 3 Part Series. Eventually 2 more sites will
be investigated.
Engineers Club of Memphis - 8.22.2011
13. Why was THIS bridge built
here?
Engineers Club of Memphis - 8.22.2011
14. Existing Site, Bridge & Conditions
Situated in a low-land area
Rural character (narrow 10 ft. lanes, no shoulders)
Low Volume ~ 350 vehicles per day (vpd)
Loosely consolidated sandy-silt, silt and clay
Bedrock not encountered in the soil borings
Existing 3-span beam bridge (simple spans)
Steel floor with asphalt fill and wearing surface
Frame-bent piers from steel caps on piles
Built as a temporary structure 30 years prior
Bridge in poor condition and closed
Engineers Club of Memphis - 8.22.2011
15. Hydraulic Conditions
Channel was wooded & unmaintained
Woody debris on the piers a maintenance problem
Flooding of approach roadways
Flood level at, or nearly at low-steel elevation
Channel was constricting, as velocities through
channel were 5x greater than up- or downstream
Engineers Club of Memphis - 8.22.2011
17. Utilities
Surrounding low land
Rural roadway & character
Farm drive
Engineers Club of Memphis - 8.22.2011
18. DETOURED! Subsurface Conditions
Engineers Club of Memphis - 8.22.2011
19. Wooded area Entrenched stream
Woody debris
Engineers Club of Memphis - 8.22.2011
20. What goes into Scoping a project
What’s important to consider?
Funding strings? or no funding strings?
What are the goals of the project?
How easy is it going to be to build?
Maintenance - What am I going to be stuck
with?
How long will this bridge be here?
What else is important?
Engineers Club of Memphis - 8.22.2011
21. Goals for the Project
Provide adequate bridge width for facility
Provide adequate span to allow hydraulic clearance
Minimized impacts to profile grade
Minimized in-stream work
Minimize impacted R/W & construction footprints
Minimize detour (closure duration)
Minimize adjacent road damage
Minimize construction risk
Minimize construction costs
Engineers Club of Memphis - 8.22.2011
22. Scope of Proposed Work
Projected Traffic: 500 vpd.
Bridge Width: 11ft lanes plus 4 ft shoulders = 30 ft rail/rail
Approach slabs, guardrail, embankment & pavement
Design Year Flood: 10-year, Low steel = EL 1028.0 ft
Ordinary High Water (OHW) = EL 1024.0 ft.
Increase hyd. opening using 2:1 slopes & spill-thru
abutments
Deep foundations using friction resistance CIP/steel pipe
piles
Over-the-side drainage with splash guards
120 ft. (+/- ) span range
New rock channel protection along end slopes & aprons
Taper improvements into existing Engineers Club of Memphis - 8.22.2011
23. What’s left?
Alternates of span configurations?
Alternates of structure types?
Engineers Club of Memphis - 8.22.2011
24. Remaining Variables
Structure Depth
Profile Grade
Impacted Footprint
Proposed Span ~ 120 ft
Exist Span = 90 ft (+/-)
STRUCTURE DEPTH
100-year EL = 1029.6
OHW EL = 1024.0
10-year EL = 1028.0
Normal EL = 1020.0
Engineers Club of Memphis - 8.22.2011
25. Case Study No. 1
Structure Type Study Narrative (21
Pages)
Alternate Descriptions
Life Cycle Cost Analysis
Evaluation Matrix
Evaluation of Alternatives
Evaluation of NPV of Alternatives
Conclusion & Summary
6 Appendices with drawings, cost
estimates, etc.
Engineers Club of Memphis - 8.22.2011
27. Basis for Comparisons
Initial Construction
Engineering costs (15% of construction)
Roadway pay items (Appendices A & B)
Bridge pay items (Appendices A & B)
Right-of-way costs
Engineers Club of Memphis - 8.22.2011
28. Basis for Comparisons
Life Cycle Costs
Initial cost to construct
Annual maintenance and inspections
Annual work activities
Minor rehabilitation projects (20 years)
Major rehabilitation projects (50 years)
Residual Values
Net Present Value (NPV)
Engineers Club of Memphis - 8.22.2011
29. Annual Work Activities
Debris Removal
Bridge Inspection
Engineers Club of Memphis - 8.22.2011
30. 10 Year Work Activities
Silane Sealer
Light Patching
Engineers Club of Memphis - 8.22.2011
31. 50 Year Work Activities
Deck slab replacement
Deck edge replacement
Superstructure replacement
or reconditioning
Engineers Club of Memphis - 8.22.2011
32. … and also qualitative measures
Temporary construction
Environmental permitting
Ease of delivery
Construction equipment
Engineers Club of Memphis - 8.22.2011
33. Life Cycle Costs: Net Present Values
Cost basis = 2002 State Bid Tabulations
Design Life Term = 75 years
Interval timeline = 10 years; 20 years; 50 years
Inflation (2002 – 2010) = 135%
Discount rate = 2.7% per year
n
NPV = Σ RCFt / (1+i)t
t=0
to calculate NPV:
where:
RCFt = Real Cash Flow
i = Annual Discount Rate
n = term
Engineers Club of Memphis - 8.22.2011
34. #1 3-Span Concrete Slab Bridge
36 ft - 45 ft - 36 ft spans c/c of bearings
Bridge Limits = 118.3 ft
Project Limits = 450 ft
Structure depth = 2.07 ft (Slab thickness = 22 in.)
Profile grade impacts: similar to existing
Engineering = $113,000
Construction = $753,000
Maintenance: 7 projects in 75 yrs @ $1,332,800
Life Cycle Costs (NPV) = $1,124,115
Engineers Club of Memphis - 8.22.2011
35. #1 3-Span Concrete Slab Bridge
Engineers Club of Memphis - 8.22.2011
36. #1 – Three Span Concrete Slab Bridge
Engineers Club of Memphis - 8.22.2011
50. Comparison Matrix
Comparisons Alternate 1 Alternate 2 Alternate 3 Alternate 4
(3-Span (1-Span (1-Span Steel Half (3-Span Comp.
CIP Slab) P/S Girder) Truss, DOT) Box Beam)
Construction
$876,000 $1,143,000 $949,400 $848,400
Cost
(3.2%) (34.7%) (11.9%) (0.0%)
(+/- % Min.)
Life Cycle Cost $1,124,000 $1,432,000 $1,212,000 $1,189,000
(+/- % Min.) (0.0%) (27.4%) (7.8%) (5.8%)
Total Cost/
$247/sf $325 /sf $264 /sf $239 /sf
SF of Bridge
Spans: 3 spans 1 span 1 span 3 spans
Bridge Limits: 118.32 ft 117.16 ft 120.0 ft 118.50 ft
Work Limits: 450 ft 1,350 ft 450 ft 450 ft
Embankment
0.07 ft 3.35 ft -0.09 ft 0.07 ft
Rise
Engineers Club of Memphis - 8.22.2011
51. Comparison Matrix, cont’d
Comparisons Alternate 1 Alternate 2 Alternate 3 Alternate 4
(3-Span (1-Span (1-Span Steel Half (3-Span Box
CIP Slab) P/S Girder) Truss, DOT) Beam)
Hydraulic
Clearance 1.9 ft 0.3 ft 0.3 ft 1.8 ft
(10 yr flood)
Substructure
4 2 2 4
Units
Deep 4,680 ft 5,760 ft 3,960 ft 4,770 ft
Foundations Driven Driven Driven Driven
Environmental ACOE 404 Permit ACOE 404 temp. ACOE 404 Permit
No work in stream
Impacts for pier const. work area for pier const.
Strip take on 2
R/W Strip take on 1 side Strip take on 1 side Strip take on 1 side
sides (embank &
Impacts (ditch) (ditch) (ditch)
ditch)
Engineers Club of Memphis - 8.22.2011
52. Comparison Matrix, cont’d
Construction Alternate 1 Alternate 2 Alternate 3 Alternate 4
Comparisons (3-Span (1-Span (1-Span Steel Half (3-Span Box
CIP Slab) P/S Girder) Truss, DOT) Beam)
Work area for lifting
Temporary Causeway Causeway to
beams none
Works or Areas & form shoring construct piers
(60T ea.)
Flood Risk
High Medium Low Medium
during Const.
Utilities n/a n/a n/a n/a
Equipment 500T Crane; 250T Crane; 250T Crane;
Concrete pump
Needed Concrete pump Concrete pump Concrete pump
In-stream piers are
In-stream piers are Delivery of long Smaller crane lifts;
Other susceptible to
susceptible to beams; road crane lifts from
Factors debris; smaller
debris damage roadway
crane lifts
Engineers Club of Memphis - 8.22.2011
53. Conclusions
Based on the owner preference for a clear-span
bridge, the lowest cost one-span bridge is the steel
low-truss bridge. This is, in fact, what the owner
selected, and the structure was constructed in 2002.
The premium to do the selected alternative over
least cost alternative is $101,000 (initial costs) which
is reduced over time to a Net Present Value premium
of only $23,000 (75 years).
Engineers Club of Memphis - 8.22.2011
54. PROJECT PROFILE
Owner: Shelby County, TN
Route: Bass Rd.
Contract Docs: Shelby
County, TN
Contractor: Shelby County
Roads & Bridges
Bridge Contractor:U.S. Bridge
Style: Hybrid Cambridge /
Seneca
Floor Framing: Raised
Connections: Welded
Span: 70 ft.
Width: 32 ft.
Finish: Painted
Floor/Deck: Concrete
Railing: W-Beam
Bass Rd. Shelby County, TN
55. PROJECT PROFILE
Owner: Shelby County, TN
Route: Kenville-Rosemark
Rd.
Contract Docs: Shelby
County, TN
Contractor: Shelby County
Roads & Bridges
Bridge Contractor:U.S. Bridge
Style: Hybrid Cambridge /
Seneca
Floor Framing: Raised
Connections: Welded
Span: 60 ft.
Width: 40 ft.
Finish: Painted
Floor/Deck: Concrete
Railing: W-Beam
Kenville-Rosemark Rd., Shelby County, TN
56. PROJECT PROFILE
Owner: Shelby County, TN
Route: Sycamore Rd.
Contract Docs: Shelby
County, TN
Contractor: Shelby County
Roads & Bridges
Bridge Contractor:U.S. Bridge
Style: Hybrid Cambridge /
Seneca
Floor Framing: Raised
Connections: Welded
Span: 55 ft.
Width: 30 ft.
Finish: Painted
Floor/Deck: Concrete
Railing: W-Beam
Sycamore Rd., Shelby County, TN
57. Lunch and Learn Presentations Available:
Prefabricated Steel Truss Bridges
Historical Bridge Rehabilitation
Steel Truss Bridge Rehabilitation
Engineers Club of Memphis - 8.22.2011
60. Accessories - Railing Systems
Guard Rail Systems Type
Independent Rail System
Independent Rail Attached to
Stringer
W Beam with Bracket
Attached to Truss
W Beam Attached Directly to Truss Truss Mounted Rail System
61. Accessories – Approach Railing
Approach Rails Yes or No
W Beam to Thrie Beam to Tubular
Railing
Thrie Beam Transition to
Tubular Rail
Thrie Beam Transition
Thrie Beam Transition to Tubular Rail
to Tubular Rail
W Beam Flared End
62. Thank you for your time.
Engineers Club of Memphis
8.22.2011
Hinweis der Redaktion
So basically, what we’re trying to answer is …
Here’s a photo of the general topography and profile of the roadway at the bridge site.
A couple of things we immediately notice from a site photo are:…Involve audience, interactive ???
Also we note:… obviously we’re in a detour condition, … chance to upgrade the approach railings, do we have a narrow bridge, and / or wonder about …Involve audience, interactive ???
You’d be worried about flooding, overtopping, channel cleanout Looking upstream, we note:…Involve audience, interactive ???