The document discusses the functions of management in organizing including defining organizing, organizational structure, and organizational design. It also outlines six key elements of organizational structure such as work specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, and span of control. Finally, it examines factors that affect organizational structure and common types of organizational designs.

1. ORGANIZING
Function of Management

2. What do managers do when they
organize?
Organizing: arranging and structuring work to
accomplish the ‘organizations’ goals.
Organizing structure: the formal arrangement of
jobs within an organization.
Organizational design: changing or developing
an organization’s structure.

3. Six Elements of Organizational
Structure
1. Work Specialization: dividing work activities
into separate job tasks.
2. Departmentalization: grouping like jobs back
together. (Functional, product, geographical,
process and customer)

4. Six Elements of Organizational
Structure
3. Chain of Command: line of authority from top to bottom of
organization clarifying who reports to whom.
Authority – rights inherent in managerial position to tell others what to
do and to expect them to do it.
Responsibility – obligation to perform assigned duties.
Unity of Command – idea that each person should report to only one
manager.
4. Span of Control: number of employee that a manager manages.
* Depends on skill and abilities of manager and employees and
work characteristics.

5. Six Elements of Organizational
Structure
5. Centralization – Decentralization: where
decision making is concentrated.
Employee Empowerment – giving employees
more authority to make decisions.
6. Formalization: extent to which employees
jobs are standardized and controlled.

6. Factors that affect the type of
organizational structure managers
design.
1. Strategy
- As strategy changes, structure changes to
support strategy.
2. Size
-Large organizations tend to be more
mechanistic.
3. Technology
4. Degree of environmental uncertainty.

7. Common types of Organizational
Designs.
Traditional:
1. Simple structure – Organizational design with
low departmentalization wide spans of control,
centralized authority and little formalization.
2. Functional structure – organizational design
that groups similar or related occupational
specialties together.
3. Divisional structure – organizational structure
made up of separate, semi –autonomous units or
divisions.

8. Common types of Organizational
Designs.
Contemporary:
1. Team structure – organizational structure in which
the entire organization is made up of work groups or
teams.
2. Matrix structure – organizational structure in which
employee continuously work on projects.
3. Project structure – organizational on which
employees continuously work on projects
.

9. Communication
-The transfer and understanding of meaning.
-Effective communication is when a transmitted
thought or idea is received and understood by
the receiver as it was intended by the sender.

10. Functions of communication
1. Acts to control behaviour.
2. Encourages motivation.
3. Provides a release to emotional
expression of feeling and for fulfilment of
social needs.
4. Provides information.

11. Interpersonal Communication Process
• A communication source or sender.
• Message
• Encoding
• The channel
• Decoding
• Receiver
• Feedback

12. Why does communication break
down?
• Filtering
• Emotions
• Information overload
• Selective perception
• Defensiveness
• Language
• Culture

13. Human Resource Management
An important strategic tool that helps
organization establish sustainable competitive
advantage.

14. How do organizations identify and
select competent employees.
Identify: Recruitment process.
Select: Predict which candidates will be good or not
so good using valid and reliable selection tools.
• Application Forms
• Background investigation
• Realistic job preview
• Interviews
• Written Test

15. How do organizations help employees
adapt and stay up-to-date?
Orientation: Introduction of new employee to
his or her job and the organization.
Training: What types of training do employees
need? What method will be used to train?

16. How do managers know whether
employees are performing jobs well?
• Written Essays
• Graphic rating scales
• Multi person comparison
• 360-degree feedback

17. HR issues Currently facing managers
• Managing Downsizing.
• Managing workforce diversity. (recruiting ,
selecting and orienting/training)
• Work-family life balance.
• Controlling HR costs.