PPT made by G11 student :) Sana makatulong.

1. OUR COUNTRY
AS A COLONY OF SPAIN

2. 1521
1565
1821
1898

3. SOCIAL CLASSESSOCIAL CLASSES
Indio/SangleyIndio/Sangley
Chinese/Spanish MestizosChinese/Spanish Mestizos
IlustradosIlustrados
Peninsulares/Peninsulares/
InsularesInsulares

4. CENTRAL GOVERNMENTCENTRAL GOVERNMENT
UNDER SPAINUNDER SPAIN
• Spain established ONE CENTRAL
GOVERNMENT in the Philippines.
Many independent barangays of our ancestors
disappeared. One government alone ruled most of the
country. Thus, for the first time in history, we became
united as one nation called “FILIPINAS”. The rest of the
world came to know our country by that name.

5. Since Spain was far from
the country, the Spanish
king ruled the Islands
through the viceroy of
Mexico, which was then
another Spanish colony.
KING OF SPAIN
VICEROY OF MEXICO
PHILIPPINES

6. KING OF SPAIN
GOVERNOR GENERAL
PHILIPPINES
When Mexico regained its freedom in 1821, the
Spanish king ruled the Philippines through a
Governor General.

7. KING OF SPAINKING OF SPAIN
THE COLONIAL GOVERNMENTTHE COLONIAL GOVERNMENTTHE COLONIAL GOVERNMENTTHE COLONIAL GOVERNMENT
THE EXECUTIVE BRANCHTHE EXECUTIVE BRANCH
(Governor General)(Governor General)
THE EXECUTIVE BRANCHTHE EXECUTIVE BRANCH
(Governor General)(Governor General)
THE JUDICIAL BRANCHTHE JUDICIAL BRANCH
(Royal Audencia, Residencia,(Royal Audencia, Residencia,
Lower Courts, Governor-General)Lower Courts, Governor-General)
THE JUDICIAL BRANCHTHE JUDICIAL BRANCH
(Royal Audencia, Residencia,(Royal Audencia, Residencia,
Lower Courts, Governor-General)Lower Courts, Governor-General)
PROVINCIALPROVINCIAL
GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT
ALCALDIAALCALDIA
(Alcalde Mayor)(Alcalde Mayor)
PROVINCIALPROVINCIAL
GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT
ALCALDIAALCALDIA
(Alcalde Mayor)(Alcalde Mayor)
MUNICIPALMUNICIPAL
GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT
CORRIGIMIENTOCORRIGIMIENTO
(Corregidor)(Corregidor)
MUNICIPALMUNICIPAL
GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT
CORRIGIMIENTOCORRIGIMIENTO
(Corregidor)(Corregidor)
CITY GOVERNMENTCITY GOVERNMENT
AYUNTAMIENTOAYUNTAMIENTO
(Cabildo)(Cabildo)
CITY GOVERNMENTCITY GOVERNMENT
AYUNTAMIENTOAYUNTAMIENTO
(Cabildo)(Cabildo)
PUEBLOS OR TOWNSPUEBLOS OR TOWNS
(Gobernadorcillos)(Gobernadorcillos)
PUEBLOS OR TOWNSPUEBLOS OR TOWNS
(Gobernadorcillos)(Gobernadorcillos)
BARRIOSBARRIOS
(Cabeza de Barangay)(Cabeza de Barangay)
BARRIOSBARRIOS
(Cabeza de Barangay)(Cabeza de Barangay)
CABILDOCABILDO
City CouncilCity Council
•ALCALDEALCALDE
•REGIDORESREGIDORES
•AGUACILAGUACIL
MAYORMAYOR
•ESCRIBANDOESCRIBANDO
CABILDOCABILDO
City CouncilCity Council
•ALCALDEALCALDE
•REGIDORESREGIDORES
•AGUACILAGUACIL
MAYORMAYOR
•ESCRIBANDOESCRIBANDO

8. THE POLITICAL STRUCTURETHE POLITICAL STRUCTURE
Spain established a centralized colonial
government in the Philippines that was composed of
a NATIONAL GOVERNMENT and the LOCAL
GOVERNMENTS that administered provinces, cities,
towns and municipalities.
NATIONAL GOVERNMENT:NATIONAL GOVERNMENT:
maintained peace and order
collected taxes
built schools and other public works

9. The King's representative and the highest-
ranking official in the Philippines.
He had GREAT POWERS. He had the power to
appoint and dismiss public officials, except those
personally chosen by the King. He was the
commander in chief of the colonial armed forces.
He was also the president of the Royal
Audencia. (Like the Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court today)
THE GOVERNOR GENERALTHE GOVERNOR GENERAL

10. THE GOVERNOR GENERALTHE GOVERNOR GENERAL
There were 115
Spanish Governor-
Generals in our
country. The first
one was Miguel
Lopez de Legazpi
(1565-1572) and
the last was Diego
de los Rios (1898)

11. THE
RESIDENCIA
THE VISITA
THE ROYAL
AUDENCIA
To investigate the abuses, there were bodies
created:
The Governor General and other government
officials had so much power that it was
commonly abused.

12. This was a special judicial court thatThis was a special judicial court that investigatesinvestigates
the performance of a Governor General who wasthe performance of a Governor General who was
about to be replaced.about to be replaced.
The Residencia, of whichThe Residencia, of which
thethe incomingincoming GovernorGovernor
General was usually aGeneral was usually a
member, submitted a reportmember, submitted a report
of its findings to the King.of its findings to the King.
THE RESIDENCIA

13. The Council of the Indies in Spain sent aThe Council of the Indies in Spain sent a
government official called thegovernment official called the VISITADORVISITADOR
GENERALGENERAL to observe conditions in the colony.to observe conditions in the colony.
The Visitador GeneralThe Visitador General
reported his findingsreported his findings
directly to the king.directly to the king.
THE VISITA

14. Served as an advisory body toServed as an advisory body to
the Governor General.the Governor General.
Had the power to check andHad the power to check and
report on his abuses.report on his abuses.
The Audiencia also audited theThe Audiencia also audited the
expenditures of the colonialexpenditures of the colonial
government.government.
Sent a yearly report to Spain.Sent a yearly report to Spain.
The Archbishop and otherThe Archbishop and other
government officials could alsogovernment officials could also
report the abuses of the colonialreport the abuses of the colonial
government.government.
Served as an advisory body toServed as an advisory body to
the Governor General.the Governor General.
Had the power to check andHad the power to check and
report on his abuses.report on his abuses.
The Audiencia also audited theThe Audiencia also audited the
expenditures of the colonialexpenditures of the colonial
government.government.
Sent a yearly report to Spain.Sent a yearly report to Spain.
The Archbishop and otherThe Archbishop and other
government officials could alsogovernment officials could also
report the abuses of the colonialreport the abuses of the colonial
government.government.
THE ROYAL AUDENCIA
The highest court in the land during the Spanish times.

15. LOCAL
GOVERNMENT

16. The Spaniards created Local Government Units (LGU) forThe Spaniards created Local Government Units (LGU) for
the provinces. There were two types of localthe provinces. There were two types of local
government units:government units:
THE PROVINCIAL
GOVERNMENT
ALCALDIAALCALDIA CORRIGIMIENTOCORRIGIMIENTO
Alcalde MayorAlcalde Mayor CorregidorCorregidor
Though they were paid a small salary, they enjoyedThough they were paid a small salary, they enjoyed
privileges such as theprivileges such as the INDULTO DE COMERCIOINDULTO DE COMERCIO
or the right to participate in theor the right to participate in the GALLEON TRADEGALLEON TRADE..

17. TheThe ALCADIAALCADIA, led by the, led by the Alcalde MayorAlcalde Mayor
governed the provinces.governed the provinces.
DUTIES OF THE ALCALDE MAYOR:DUTIES OF THE ALCALDE MAYOR:
 They represented the Spanish king and theThey represented the Spanish king and the
Governor-GeneralGovernor-General
 They managed the day-to-day operations of theThey managed the day-to-day operations of the
provincial governmentprovincial government
 Implemented laws and supervised the collectionImplemented laws and supervised the collection
of taxesof taxes
THE PROVINCIAL
GOVERNMENT

18. TheThe CORREGIMIENTOCORREGIMIENTO, headed by, headed by
CorregidorCorregidor governed the provinces thatgoverned the provinces that
were not yet entirely under Spanishwere not yet entirely under Spanish
control.control.

19. Larger towns became citiesLarger towns became cities
calledcalled AYUNTAMIENTO.AYUNTAMIENTO. It became the center ofIt became the center of
trade and industry.trade and industry.
The ayuntamiento had a city councilThe ayuntamiento had a city council
called thecalled the CABILDOCABILDO
CABILDO is composed of:CABILDO is composed of:
ALCALDE (MAYOR)ALCALDE (MAYOR)
REGIDORES (COUNCILLORS)REGIDORES (COUNCILLORS)
ALGUACIL MAYOR (POLICE CHIEF)ALGUACIL MAYOR (POLICE CHIEF)
ESCRIBANDO (SECRETARY)ESCRIBANDO (SECRETARY)

20. THE MUNICIPAL
GOVERNMENT
Each province was divided into several towns or pueblosEach province was divided into several towns or pueblos
headed by GOBERNADORDCILLOS (Little Governor)headed by GOBERNADORDCILLOS (Little Governor)
MAIN DUTIES:MAIN DUTIES: Efficient governance and tax collection.Efficient governance and tax collection.
FOUR LIEUTENANTS AIDED THE
GOVERNARDORCILLO:
the Teniente Mayor (chief lieutenant),the Teniente Mayor (chief lieutenant),
the Teniente de Policia (police lieutenant),the Teniente de Policia (police lieutenant),
the Teniente de Sementeras (lieutenant of the fields)the Teniente de Sementeras (lieutenant of the fields)
the Teniente de Ganados (lieutenant of the livestock)the Teniente de Ganados (lieutenant of the livestock)

21. QUALIFICATIONS:QUALIFICATIONS:
Any NATIVE or CHINESEAny NATIVE or CHINESE
MEZTIZOMEZTIZO
25 years old25 years old
Literate in ORAL or WRITTENLiterate in ORAL or WRITTEN
SPANISHSPANISH
Cabeza de Barangay for 4 yearsCabeza de Barangay for 4 years
GOBERNADORDCILLOS
 They had SMALL SALARIES butThey had SMALL SALARIES but
were exempted from PAYINGwere exempted from PAYING
TAXES.TAXES.

22.  Responsible for the peace and order of the barrioResponsible for the peace and order of the barrio
 Recruited men for public worksRecruited men for public works
QUALIFICATIONS:
Cabezas should be literate in Spanish.Cabezas should be literate in Spanish.
Have good moral character and property.Have good moral character and property.
Cabezas who served for 25 yearsCabezas who served for 25 years
were exempted from forced labor.were exempted from forced labor.
CABEZA DE
BARANGAY(Barrio Administrator or Barangay Captain)(Barrio Administrator or Barangay Captain)