presentation report

1. CAPACITOR TYPES AND USES

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4. CAPACITOR
 A capacitor is a passive electronic component that stores
energy in the form of an electric field. In its simplest form, a
capacitor consists of two conducting plates separated by an
insulating material called the dielectric.
 The dielectric acts to increase the capacitor's charge capacity.
Materials commonly used as dielectrics
include glass, ceramic, plastic film, paper, mica, air,
and oxide layers. Capacitors are widely used as parts
of electrical circuits in many common electrical devices.
 An ideal capacitor is characterized by a
constant capacitance C, in farads in the SI system of units,
defined as the ratio of the positive or negative charge Q on
each conductor to the voltage V between them.
C = Q
V

5. WORKING OF CAPACITOR
 It is consists of two metal plates separated by an insulating
dielectric . When we apply a voltage over the two plates, an
electric field is created. Positive charge will collect on one
plate and negative charge on the other.
 Capacitance depends on the dimensions of the plates and
dielectric between two plates.
 The capacitance depends on –
• The surface area A of each plate.
• The distance d between two plates.
• The permittivity of the dielectric material between the
plates.

6. TYPES OF CAPACITOR
 There are different types of capacitors available in the market. The key factor in
distinguishing different types of capacitors is the dielectric used in its construction. Some
of the common capacitor types are ceramic, electrolytic, film, tantalum and mica.

7. ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR
 Electrolytic capacitors are generally used in Direct Current (DC) power supply circuits.
These are also used in the applications of coupling and decoupling to reduce ripple
voltage, due to their large capacitance values and their small size. One of the main
disadvantages of electrolytic capacitors is its capacitance decreases day by day because
electrolyte dry day by day.
 A type of capacitor that is polarized. And used up to 1-47000 microfarad. Electrolytic
capacitors are used for low frequency applications, power supplies, decoupling and audio
coupling applications.

8. CERAMIC CAPACITORS
 A ceramic capacitor is a fixed-value capacitor where the
ceramic material acts as the dielectric. It is constructed of two
or more alternating layers of ceramic and a metal layer acting
as the electrodes.
 Values range from a 1 nano Farad to 100 microfarad. used
in many applications from audio to radio frequency. And
widely used both in leaded and surface mount formats. It is
used in high voltage circuits, induction furnace and
electronic circuit.
 Ceramic capacitors are normally having a 3-digit number
coded on their body to identify the capacitance value generally
in pico-farads (pF). In that the first two digits are used to
indicate the capacitors value and the third digit indicates the
number of zeros to be added.
 For example a ceramic capacitor with the marking 153 would
indicate 15 and 3 zeroes in pico-farads which is equivalent to
15,000 pF or 15nF.

9. FILM CAPACITORS
 Film capacitors are the capacitors that have plastic, paper,
polyester and polymer as their dielectric. Film capacitors
are available within the capacitance ranges from 100 pf to
10 micro farad . The main feature of film capacitor is high
working voltage up to 3000 V.
 It is commonly used in the construction of capacitors for
high frequency AC applications. This dielectric material
has a low dissipation factor, high breakdown strength, low
dielectric absorption, high insulation resistance, and is
readily available.
 This feature makes film capacitors useful in circuits in which
operating voltages are typically very high, such as power
amplifiers particularly valve amplifiers, power supply
circuits, TV circuits and power factor correction.

10. TANTALUM CAPACITORS
 Tantalum capacitors provide very high capacity density . they are similar as electrolytic
capacitors. They are polarized also. Tantalum capacitors are made with tantalum metal,
here tantalum metal is used as anode. They are small in size but expensive. So tantalum
capacitors are used where small size and better performance needed.
 Tantalum capacitors are available in both leaded and surface mount formats. But any
reverse voltage can destroy the capacitor.
 It can work at high temperature -55 to 125 C. and its applications are computer power
supply, sensitive circuit and medical electronics.

11. SILVER MICA CAPACITOR
 Silver mica capacitors are high precision, stable and
reliable capacitors. They are available in small values, and
are mostly used at high frequencies and in cases where low
losses and low capacitor change over time is desired.
 It have low capacitance 47 - 3000 pF and it is used in high
voltage inverter, modern electronic circuit and amplifier
circuits.
 They are sometimes informally referred to as mica capacitors.
these capacitors are extremely useful, silver mica capacitors
are less commonly used today due to bulkiness and high
cost. There is a high level of compositional variation in the
raw material leading to higher costs in relation to inspection
and sorting. They are getting closer to obsolescence as
advances are made in ceramic and porcelain materials.

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