Sports have a significant impact on society for several reasons: 1) They provide entertainment and escape for fans, as well as a sense of identity and community through fan affiliation with teams. 2) Certain sporting events and athletes have helped advance social movements. Jackie Robinson and Muhammad Ali promoted civil rights, while Title IX increased opportunities for women in sports. 3) Major international sporting events like the Olympics have had diplomatic impacts, both positively by promoting national pride and unity, and negatively through acts of terrorism.

1. SPORTS IMPACT ON SOCIETY DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1) Why do sports get so much attention in the US? 2) Research the following sport athletes & events & answer why they had such an impact on not only the sports world, but to society as a whole? A) Jackie Robinson B) Muhammad Ali C) 1972 Olympics D) Title IX E) 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup F) Lance Armstrong G) 1980 Olympics (USA vs Russia in hockey) H) Jim Valvano I) 1968 Olympics (Tommie Smith & John Carlos) J) 1995 Rugby World Cup 3) In addition to the above, can you think of any other athletes, teams, games, events, etc. that had an impact on society as a whole? SPORTS & SOCIETY ARTICLES DISCUSSION QUESTIONS What Makes Fans Tick? 1) Explain the 8 basic motives that drive people to be sports fans. 2) How does the "social identity theory" explain our attraction to spectator sports? 3) Explain the concepts of "BIRGing" and "CORFing." 4) What is a "Deep Fan?" 5) What are the differences between blue collar and white collar fans? What Makes Fans Crazy About Sports? 1) What is the #1 "passion driver" of most NFL fans? 2) What is the #1 "passion driver" of most MLB fans? 3) Explain the following 3 groups of baseball fans: A) Field of Dreamers B) Team Obsessors C) Family Connectors 4) What sports property had the largest U.S. fan base in 2009? 5) What sports property had the largest U.S. fan base in 2001?

2. Sport is the subject of much conversation, reading material, leisure activity, and discretionary spending. Over one-tenth of the World Almanac is devoted annually to sport, more than is allotted to politics, business, and science. USA Today , the most widely read newspaper in the United States, devotes one-fourth of its space to sport. Even the Wall Street Journal has a weekly sports page. There are numerous cable television networks providing twenty-four-hour coverage. Annually, the most watched television event in the United States is the Super Bowl. The amount of sports betting is staggering, with unknown billions waged legally and illegally. Why all the attention?

3. WHAT WAS THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF THE FOLLOWING SPORT EVENTS & ATHLETES?

4. JACKIE ROBINSON

5. -PLAYED FOR THE BROOKLYN DODGERS FROM 1947-56. -SELECTED TO 6 CONSECUTIVE ALL-STAR GAMES (1949-54). -WON MLB ROOKIE OF THE YEAR AWARD IN 1949. -WON WORLD SERIES WITH DODGERS IN 1955. -ELECTED TO MLB HALL OF FAME IN 1962. -MLB RETIRED HIS NUMBER 42 ACROSS ALL TEAMS IN 1997. -BECAME 1ST BLACK MLB PLAYER SINCE 1880’S WHEN HE DEBUTED WITH DODGERS ON APRIL 15, 1947. -HIS CHALLENGE OF MLB SEGREGATION CONTRIBUTED SIGNIFICANTLY TO THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT (1955-68).

6. MUHAMMAD ALI

7. -WON LIGHT HEAVYWEIGHT GOLD MEDAL AT THE 1960 SUMMER OLYMPICS IN ROME. -BECAME YOUNGEST BOXER (22) TO TAKE THE TITLE FROM A REIGNING HEAVYWEIGHT CHAMPION WHEN HE DEFEATED SONNY LISTON ON 2/25/64. -NAMED “FIGHTER OF THE YEAR” BY RING MAGAZINE MORE TIMES THAN ANY OTHER FIGHTER. -INDUCTED INTO INTERNATIONAL BOXING HALL OF FAME IN 1990. -CROWNED “SPORTSMAN OF THE CENTURY” BY SPORTS ILLUSTRATED IN 1999. -BORN CASSIUS CLAY BUT CHANGED HIS NAME IN 1964 AFTER JOINING THE NATION OF ISLAM. -REFUSED CONSCRIPTION INTO US MILITARY IN 1967 BASED ON RELIGIOUS BELIEFS & OPPOSITION TO THE VIETNAM WAR.” -”I AIN’T GOT NO QUARREL WITH THEM VIET CONG…NO VIET CONG EVER CALLED ME NIGGER.” -QUOTE ARTICULATED THE REASON TO OPPOSE THE WAR FOR MANY YOUNG AMERICANS, & SERVED AS A TOUCHSTONE FOR THE RACIAL UPHEAVALS THAT WOULD ROCK THE 60’S. -AWARDED PRESIDENTIAL MEDAL OF FREEDOM ON 11/9/05 BY GEORGE W. BUSH.

8. 1972 SUMMER OLYMPICS

9. -TOOK PLACE IN MUNICH, WEST GERMANY FROM 8/26-9/11 1972. -US SWIMMER MARK SPITZ WON 7 GOLD MEDALS & SET A NEW WORLD RECORD FOR EACH. -SOVIET UNION WON MOST MEDALS (99). US WAS 2ND (94). -OFFICIAL MOTTO: “THE HAPPY GAMES.” -WEST GERMAN GOVERNMENT WANTED TO PRESENT A NEW, DEMOCRATIC GERMANY TO THE WORLD AFTER THE FALL OF THE NAZI REGIME. -ON 9/5 8 PALESTINIAN TERRORISTS BELONGING TO THE BLACK SEPTEMBER ORGANIZATION BROKE INTO OLYMPIC VILLAGE & TOOK 11 ISRAELI ATHLETES, COACHES, & OFFICIALS HOSTAGE. -ALL 11 HOSTAGES WERE EVENTUALLY MURDERED.

10. TITLE IX

12. 1999 FIFA WOMEN’S WORLD CUP

13. -1999 FIFA WOMEN’S WORLD CUP WAS HELD IN US. -CHAMPIONSHIP GAME ON JULY 10 AT THE ROSE BOWL IN PASADENA, CA WAS THE MOST-ATTENDED WOMEN’S SPORTS EVENT IN HISTORY WITH OFFICAL ATTENDANCE OF 90,185. -US DEFEATED CHINA 0-0 IN PENALTY SHOOTOUT (5-4) WITH A GOAL BY BRANDI CHASTAIN. -PRESIDENT BILL CLINTON: “THE WHOLE COUNTRY IS CAUGHT UP. IT’S GOING TO HAVE A BIGGER IMPACT THAN PEOPLE EVER REALIZED, & IT WILL HAVE A FAR-REACHING IMPACT NOT ONLY IN THE US BUT ALSO IN OTHER COUNTRIES.”

14. LANCE ARMSTRONG

15. -WON 7 CONSECUTIVE TOUR DE FRANCE RACES (1999-2005). -1997: FOUNDED THE LANCE ARMSTRONG FOUNDATION WHICH SUPPORTS PEOPLE AFFECTED BY CANCER. -2004: NIKE DEVELOPED & LAUNCHED THE YELLOW LIVESTRONG WRISTBAND AS A FUNDRAISER FOR LAF. -WRISTBANDS SELL FOR $1 EACH. -TO DATE, 80 MILLION WRISTBANDS HAVE BEEN SOLD.

16. 1980 WINTER OLYMPICS: USA VS RUSSIA

17. -1980 WINTER OLYMPICS HELD IN LAKE PLACID, NY. -US BEAT THE SOVIET UNION 4-3 IN THE SEMI-FINAL GAME. -US WENT ON TO WIN GOLD BY BEATING FINLAND. -1999: SPORTS ILLUSTRATED NAMED THE GAME THE TOP SPORTS MOMENT OF THE 20TH CENTURY. -COLD WAR (1946-1991): A PERIOD OF POLITICAL, MILITARY, & ECONOMIC TENSION BETWEEN THE COMMUNIST WORLD (SOVIET UNION) & DEMOCRATIC WORLD (US). -1979 ENERGY CRISIS: LED TO GAS SHORTAGE IN US. -MOST AMERICANS WERE DOWN ON THE US & THE GAME PROVIDED A REVITALIZATION OF PATRIOTISM.

18. JIM VALVANO

19. -NCAA DIVISION 1 BASKETBALL COACH FROM 1968-1990. -WON 1983 TOURNAMENT WITH NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY. -DIAGNOSED WITH TERMINAL CANCER IN 1992. -ON MARCH 4, 1993 GAVE FAMOUS “DON’T GIVE UP…DON’T EVER GIVE UP” SPEECH AT 1ST ESPY AWARDS. -THE V FOUNDATION WAS STARTED IN 1993 TO FUND RESEARCH TO FIND CURES FOR CANCER. -HAS RAISED MORE THAN $80 MILLION TO DATE.

20. 1968 SUMMER OLYMPICS: TOMMIE SMITH & JOHN CARLOS

21. -TOOK PLACE IN OCTOBER 1968 IN MEXICO CITY, MEXICO. -FIRST OLYMPICS HOSTED BY A SPANISH-SPEAKING COUNTRY. -ONLY OLYMPICS EVER HELD IN LATIN AMERICA. -TOMMIE SMITH & JOHN CARLOS AMERICAN SPRINTERS. -SMITH: GOLD & CARLOS: BRONZE IN 200-METER RACE. -ON THE AWARD PODIUM RAISED A BLACK-GLOVED FIST AS THE STAR SPANGLED BANNER PLAYED. -SYMBOLIZED SOLIDARITY FOR AFRICAN-AMERICANS & THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT.

22. 1995 RUGBY WORLD CUP

23. -HOSTED BY SOUTH AFRICA. -3RD RUGBY WORLD CUP. -1ST RUGBY WORLD CUP WHERE EVERY MATCH WAS HELD IN 1 COUNTRY. -1ST MAJOR SPORTING EVENT HELD IN SOUTH AFRICA AFTER THE END OF APARTHEID IN WHICH SOUTH AFRICA WAS ALLOWED TO COMPETE. -WON BY SOUTH AFRICA (SPRINGBOKS). -VICTORY BECAME A SYMBOL OF UNITY & INSPIRATION FOR THE NATION AFTER 50 YEARS OF RACIAL TENSION.

24. WHY ARE WE SPORTS FANS?

25. THE 8 BASIC MOTIVES THAT DRIVE PEOPLE TO CONSUME SPORTS

26. 1) ENTERTAINMENT

27. 2) ESCAPE

28. 3) ECONOMICS

29. 4) EUSTRESS

30. 5) AESTHETIC

31. 6) FAMILY

32. 7) GROUP AFFILIATION

33. 8) SELF-ESTEEM

35. SOCIAL IDENTITY THEORY “ US VERSUS THEM” -STATES THAT GROUP MEMBERSHIP CREATES SELF-CATEGORIZATION & ENHANCEMENT IN WAYS THAT FAVOR THE IN-GROUP (US) AT THE EXPENSE OF THE OUT-GROUP (THEM). -THE GROUPS THAT WE BELONG (FRATERNITIES & SORORITIES) TO & THE TEAMS THAT WE CHEER FOR (YANKEES & RED SOX) INFLUENCE OUR SELF-IDENTITY.

36. DEEP FAN -FORM AN EMOTIONAL ATTACHMENT TO A TEAM THAT IS OUTSIDE OF NORMAL. -THESE PEOPLE LIVE & DIE WITH THE TEAM.

37. BLUE COLLAR VS WHITE COLLAR FANS

40. PASSION DRIVERS -REASONS WHY PEOPLE FOLLOW THEIR FAVORITE SPORTS. #1 PASSION DRIVER OF NFL FANS -TEAM DEVOTION #1 PASSION DRIVER OF MLB FANS -NOSTALGIA

41. BASEBALL FAN GROUPS

42. FIELD OF DREAMERS -AGE: 55-64. -INCOME: +$75,000/YEAR. -COMBINE A LOVE OF THE HISTORY OF THE GAME WITH TEAM DEVOTION. -CONSIDER THE GAME A SOCIAL EVENT & LOVE TALKING ABOUT IT WHEN NOT WATCHING IT.

43. TEAM OBSESSORS -AGE: 25-34. -INCOME: $75,000-150,000. -CONTEMPORARY HARDCORE FANS. -HYPERCOMPETITIVE & FEEL A DEEP NEED TO CONNECT WITH SIMILAR MINDED FANS. -LISTEN TO SPORTS TALK RADIO & READ ONLINE SPORTS CONTENT.

44. FAMILY CONNECTORS -AGE: MARRIED WITH CHILDREN (TEND TO BE FEMALE). -INCOME: $50,000-75,000. -SEE BASEBALL AS A WAY TO ENJOY TIME TOGETHER WITH FAMILY OR WITH OTHERS IN THEIR COMMUNITY. -SUPPORT TEAM, BUT NOT VERY CLOSELY. -MORE LIKELY TO CONNECT WITH TEAM FOR THE ROLE IT PLAYED FOR THEIR FAMILY.

45. WHY IS THE NFL SO POPULAR?

46. THE BENEFITS OF SPORT

49. SPORTS & 9/11