Introduction to computer science

Introduction to Computer Science,[object Object],Computer History,[object Object],Mr. Oei,[object Object],ICS 2O1,[object Object]

What is a computer?,[object Object],System unit (tower),[object Object],Monitor,[object Object],CD-ROM / ,[object Object],DVD-ROM Drive,[object Object],USB slots,[object Object]

com·put·er,[object Object],1) A person who makes calculations, esp. with a calculating machine,[object Object],or,[object Object],2) A machine that calculates!,[object Object],Before we had the modern digital machines we possess today, computers started off as ,[object Object],Analog Devices,[object Object]

Analog Computers,[object Object],What does analog mean?,[object Object],Analog:,[object Object],Relating to, or using, information represented by an ever-changing physical quantity,[object Object]

What were the first computational devices invented?,[object Object],The first devices we had were based on our hands and fingers! ,[object Object]

The Salamis Tablet,[object Object],500 BC,[object Object],Ancient Babylonian counting board!,[object Object]

1300 AD,[object Object],In more recent times, we’re used to seeing the evolved version of the counting board…,[object Object],The Chinese abacus!,[object Object],http://www.alcula.com/suanpan.php,[object Object],http://www.alcula.com/soroban.php,[object Object],crazy japanese abacus students,[object Object],http://webhome.idirect.com/~totton/abacus/pages.htm,[object Object],The Japanese abacus! (Soroban),[object Object]

Mechanical Counting Machines,[object Object],1642,[object Object],pascaline short vid,[object Object],The Pascalineis a mechanical calculating deviceinvented by the French philosopher and mathematician Blaise Pascal in 1642. ,[object Object]

Mechanical Counting Machines,[object Object],1673,[object Object],The Leibniz Wheelwas invented by the famous mathematician Leibniz in 1673.,[object Object], ( + , - , * , / ),[object Object]

Mechanical Counting Machines,[object Object],1801,[object Object],Punched Cards were used by the French weaver Joseph Jacquard in 1810. The cards carried weaving instructions for the looms, later this idea offered a great use for storing info.,[object Object]

Mechanical Counting Machines,[object Object],Babbage’s Difference Engines were calculating machines made by Charles Babbage to produce tables of numbers that would be used by ship’s navigators.,[object Object],1822,[object Object]

Charles Babbage,[object Object],Difference engine was among the FIRST mechanical computers,[object Object],Babbage was tired of having humans “compute” calculations… and make mistakes,[object Object],Although it was extremely big, the basic architecture of it was very similar to a modern computer!,[object Object],composed of around: ,[object Object],[object Object]

weighed fifteen tons (13,600 kg),

8 ft (2.4 m) tallHow big was it??,[object Object]

Charles Babbage,[object Object], This device had mechanical problems similar to those that Pascal and Leibniz had, and was not completed until 1991 by the London Science Museum. ,[object Object],Babbage did not give up –went on to make a more general purpose, and complex machine…,[object Object]

The Analytical Engine,[object Object],[object Object],1847-1849,[object Object],babbage difference engine #2,[object Object],demo of difference engine,[object Object],Employs many of the features that modern day computers possess!,[object Object]

Electrical Counting Machines & Herman Hollerith,[object Object], The US census of the 1880 took 9 years to compile and led to inaccurate figures. To solve the problem, Herman Hollerith invented three things,[object Object],1) Machine readable media (through the use of punched cards),[object Object],2) A tabulator to process these punched cards,[object Object],3) Key punch machine to make the cards ,[object Object],1888,[object Object]

IBM,[object Object],[object Object]

Based on the success of his invention, Herman Hollerith and some friends formed a company that sold his invention all over the world. The company eventually became known as:International Business Machines ,[object Object],IBM,[object Object],1888,[object Object]

Electrical Counting Machines,[object Object],1943,[object Object],51 feet long and weighed over 5 tons,[object Object],MARK I was built by a team from IBM and Harvard University. Mark I used mechanical telephone switches to store information. It accepted data on punched cards, processed and then output the new data.,[object Object],Was also used to control weapons during the war!,[object Object]

A summary of analog computers,[object Object],Truly parallel - Therefore can perform multiple calculations at the same time,[object Object],Strength in calculating mathematical, physical and technical problems through the interaction of continuously varying (or dynamic) physical quantities or measures,[object Object],Used mechanical, electrical, and hydraulic means to perform calculations,[object Object],ex. speedometers, simulating weather patterns, analyzing hydraulic networks,[object Object]

Electronic Counting Machines,[object Object],By 1950, IBM had become ubiquitous in industry and government!,[object Object],1946,[object Object],Then came,[object Object],the ENIAC !!,[object Object],The first US-built all-electronic computer built to perform ballistics calculations. (Away from IBM),[object Object]

Electronic Counting Machines,[object Object],* It was 1000X faster than Mark I, but drew a lot of power …even dimmed the lights of Philadelphia when switched on!!,[object Object],* Mark I: 5 Additions / sec.,[object Object],* ENIAC: 5,000 Additions / sec.,[object Object],* ENIAC was made of 18,000 vacuum tubes.,[object Object],1946,[object Object]

Introduction to computer science

Introduction to computer science

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Introduction to computer science