Building Rating Systems @ Dennis .help others

1. GREEN BUILDING And
International Rating sytems:
Dennis Patel

2. Defining Sustainability:
 United Nations World Commission on
Environment and Development
 “Development that meets the needs of
present generations without
compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs.”

3. GREEN BUILDING
 Refers to a structure and using process that is
environmentally responsible and resource efficient
throughout a building’s life cycle : from sitting to
design, construction, operation, maintenance,
renovation, and demolition.
 Green building – also known as sustainable or high
performance building increases the efficiency with
which buildings and their sites use and harvest energy,
water, and materials.

4. GREEN BUILDING CONCEPT
 The ‘GREEN BUILDING’ concept is gaining importance
in various countries, including India. These are
buildings that ensure waste is minimized at every stage
during the construction and operation of the building,
resulting in low costs, according to experts in
technology.
 A Green building is a structure that is environmentally
responsible and resource efficient throughout it’s life
cycle.

5. OBJECTIVE
Green building are designed to reduce the overall
impact of the built environment on human health and
the natural environment by :
 Efficiently using energy, water and other resources.
 Protecting occupant health and improving employee
productivity.
 Reducing waste, pollution and environment
degradation.

6. Goals of green building
 Green building brings together a vast array of practices and
techniques to reduce and ultimately eliminate the impacts of
buildings on the environment and human health. It often
emphasizes taking advantage of renewable resources, e.g., using
sunlight through passive solar, active solar, and photovoltaic
techniques and using plants and trees through green roofs, rain
gardens, and for reduction of rainwater run-off. Many other
techniques, such as using packed gravel or permeable concrete
instead of conventional concrete or asphalt to enhance
replenishment of ground water, are used as well.
 Fundamental principles : Structure Design Efficiency, Energy
Efficiency, Water Efficiency, Materials Efficiency, Indoor
Environmental Quality Enhancement, Operations and
Maintenance Optimization, and Waste and Toxics Reduction

7. Structure design efficiency
 The foundation of any construction project is rooted in the
concept and design stages. The concept stage, in fact, is one of
the major steps in a project life cycle, as it has the largest impact
on cost and performance. In designing environmentally optimal
buildings, the objective is to minimize the total environmental
impact associated with all life-cycle stages of the building project.
However, building as a process is not as streamlined as an
industrial process, and varies from one building to the other,
never repeating itself identically. In addition, buildings are much
more complex products, composed of a multitude of materials
and components each constituting various design variables to
be decided at the design stage. A variation of every design
variable may affect the environment during all the building's
relevant life-cycle stages.

8. Energy efficiency
 To reduce operating energy use, high-efficiency windows and
insulation in walls, ceilings, and floors increase the efficiency of
the building envelope, (the barrier between conditioned and
unconditioned space). Another strategy, passive solar building
design, is often implemented in low-energy homes. Designers
orient windows and walls and place awnings, porches, and
trees to shade windows and roofs during the summer while
maximizing solar gain in the winter. In addition, effective window
placement (day lighting) can provide more natural light and
lessen the need for electric lighting during the day. Solar water
heating further reduces energy costs.
 Onsite generation of renewable energy through solar
power, wind power, hydro power, or biomass can significantly
reduce the environmental impact of the building. Power
generation is generally the most expensive feature to add to a
building.

10. Water efficiency
 Reducing water consumption and protecting water quality are
key objectives in sustainable building. One critical issue of water
consumption is that in many areas, the demands on the
supplying aquifer exceed its ability to replenish itself. To the
maximum extent feasible, facilities should increase their
dependence on water that is collected, used, purified, and reused
on-site. The protection and conservation of water throughout
the life of a building may be accomplished by designing for dual
plumbing that recycles water in toilet flushing. Waste-water may
be minimized by utilizing water conserving fixtures such as ultra-
low flush toilets and low-flow shower heads. Bidets help eliminate
the use of toilet paper, reducing sewer traffic and increasing
possibilities of re-using water on-site. Point of use water
treatment and heating improves both water quality and energy
efficiency while reducing the amount of water in circulation. The
use of non-sewage and greywater for on-site use such as site-
irrigation will minimize demands on the local aquifer.

11. Materials efficiency
 Green building materials are composed of renewable,
rather than nonrenewable resources. Green materials are
environmentally responsible because impacts are
considered over the life of the product. Depending upon
project-specific goals, an assessment of green materials
may involve an evaluation of one or more of the criteria
listed below.
 Green building material/product selection criteria :
Resource efficiency
Indoor air quality
Energy efficiency
Water conservation
Affordability

12. Resource Efficiency
 Recycled Content: Products with identifiable recycled
content, including postindustrial content with a
preference for post consumer content.
 Resource efficient manufacturing process: Products
manufactured with resource-efficient processes including
reducing energy consumption, minimizing waste
(recycled, recyclable and or source reduced product
packaging), and reducing greenhouse gases.
 Locally available: Building materials, components, and
systems found locally or regionally saving energy and
resources in transportation to the project site.
 Durable: Materials that are longer lasting or are
comparable to conventional products with long life
expectancies.

13. Indoor environmental quality enhancement
 Indoor Air Quality seeks to reduce volatile organic compounds, or
VOCs, and other air impurities such as microbial contaminants.
Buildings rely on a properly designed ventilation system
(passively/naturally- or mechanically-powered) to provide adequate
ventilation of cleaner air from outdoors or recirculated, filtered air as
well as isolated operations (kitchens, dry cleaners, etc.) from other
occupancies.
 Low or non-toxic: Materials that emit few or no carcinogens,
reproductive toxicants, or irritants as demonstrated by the
manufacturer through appropriate testing.
 Moisture resistant: Products and systems that resist moisture or
inhibit the growth of biological contaminants in buildings.
 Systems or equipment: Products that promote healthy IAQ by
identifying indoor air pollutants or enhancing the air quality.

14. Operations and maintenance optimization
 No matter how sustainable a building may have been in
its design and construction, it can only remain so if it is
operated responsibly and maintained properly.. Every
aspect of green building is integrated into the O&M
phase of a Ensuring operations and maintenance(O&M)
personnel are part of the project's planning and
development process will help retain the green criteria
designed at the onset of the project building's life. The
addition of new green technologies also falls on the O&M
staff. Although the goal of waste reduction may be
applied during the design, construction and demolition
phases of a building's life-cycle, it is in the O&M phase
that green practices such as recycling and air quality
enhancement take place

15. Waste reduction
 Green architecture also seeks to reduce waste of energy, water and
materials used during construction. For example, in California nearly
60% of the state's waste comes from commercial buildings .During
the construction phase, one goal should be to reduce the amount of
material going to landfills. Well-designed buildings also help reduce
the amount of waste generated by the occupants as well, by
providing on-site solutions such as compost bins to reduce matter
going to landfills.
 To reduce the impact on wells or water treatment plants, several
options exist. "Greywater", wastewater from sources such as
dishwashing or washing machines, can be used for subsurface
irrigation, or if treated, for non-potable purposes, e.g., to flush toilets
and wash cars. Rainwater collectors are used for similar purposes.
 Centralized wastewater treatment systems can be costly and use a
lot of energy. An alternative to this process is converting waste and
wastewater into fertilizer, which avoids these costs and shows other
benefits.

16. HOW TO MAKE GREEN HOMES

18. Cost and payoff
 The most criticized issue about constructing environmentally
friendly buildings is the price. Photo-voltaics, new appliances, and
modern technologies tend to cost more money. Most green
buildings cost a premium of <2%, but yield 10 times as much over
the entire life of the building. The stigma is between the
knowledge of up-front cost vs. life-cycle cost. The savings in
money come from more efficient use of utilities which result in
decreased energy bills. It is projected that different sectors could
save $130 Billion on energy bills. Also, higher worker or student
productivity can be factored into savings and cost deductions.
 Studies have shown over a 20 year life period, some green
buildings have yielded $53 to $71 per square foot back on
investment. Confirming the rentability of green building
investments, further studies of the commercial real estate market
have found that LEED and Energy Star certified buildings
achieve significantly higher rents, sale prices and occupancy
rates as well as lower capitalization rates potentially reflecting
lower investment risk.

19. Regulation and operation
 The Indian building industry is highly de-centralized
with people and/ or groups engaged in design,
construction, equipment provision, installation, and
renovation working together. Each group may be
organized to some extent, but there is limited
interaction among the groups, thus disabling the
integrated green design and application process.
Hence, it is very important to define and quantify
sustainable building practices and their benefits. It is
also important to separate the role of different
participants in ensuring that the building consumes
minimal resources over its entire life cycle and leaves
behind a minimal environmental footprint.

20. Indian Green Building Council
 The Indian Green Building Council (IGBC), was formed in the year 2001
by Confederation of Indian Industry (CII). The vision of the council is to
usher in a green building movement in India and facilitate India to
become one of the global leaders in green buildings by 2015.
 With a modest beginning of 20,000 sq ft (1,900 m2). green built-up area
in the country in the year 2003, today more than 1053 green buildings
( as on April 2011) with a built-up area of over 648,000,000 sq ft
(60,200,000 m2). are being constructed all over India, of which 147 green
buildings are certified and fully functional
 LEED India for New Construction
 LEED India for Core and Shell
 IGBC Green Homes
 IGBC Green Factory Building
 IGBC Green SEZ
 IGBC Green Townships

22. Green Rating
for Integrated Habitat Ass
essment

23. Green Rating
for Integrated Habitat Assessment
 GRIHA has been developed after a thorough study and
understanding of the current internationally accepted green
building rating systems and the prevailing building practices in
India. The team has researched on several international rating
systems. A few team members were also sponsored under a
study tour by USAEP (United States Asia Environmental
Partnership) to understand the eco-rating systems prevalent in
the US. The team has vast experience in providing design
assistance to green buildings in the country and long and varied
experience in carrying out energy conservation studies in
existing hotels, offices, and other commercial building. The team
has effectively utilized the several multi-disciplinary strengths
and experiences of the colleagues at TERI to arrive at the tools
that addresses cross-cutting issues in the design, development,
and operation of a green building.

24. Suzlon Energy
Limited - Pune
Several accolades continue
to shower upon Suzlon’s
global headquarter in Pune
- “One Earth” - ever since
the facility has been LEED
‘Platinum’ rated and
certified as an eco-friendly
building by the Green
Building Council. Built to
perfection on an area of
41,000 square meters (10.13
acres), One Earth can be
counted as among the
largest green building
projects in India and is living
proof that our world can be
replenished with a little
green effort, everyday.

25. Biodiversity
Conservation India
Ltd (BCIL) -
Bangalore
As a green builder who strives
for the conservation of diversity
in vegetation, forests, culture
and urban lifestyles, BCIL has
created some of the most
energy-efficient residential
homes India has ever set eyes
upon. The company’s TZed
homes in Whitefield, Bangalore
has been certified as the first
residential apartment in the
world to be rated ‘Platinum’
under LEED. TZed, which means
“Towards Zero Energy
Development” is a 2,49,000 sq.ft.
green project spread across 5.5
acres and is designed to reduce
lighting and energy by nearly 70
per cent.
No home at BCIL TZed Homes uses
incandescent lamps, halogens and
fluorescent tubelights

26. ITC Green Centre
- Gurgaon
Renowned as one of the early
adopters of the green
building movement in India,
the ITC Green Centre is still
considered a benchmark for
green buildings. It was the
first 'Platinum' rated building
in India and has endeavored
to adopt green practices that
go beyond recycled waste
and day-lit offices. Within a
built-in area of 180,000 sq.ft.,
the building features
alternative transportation
facilities, storm water
management system, solar
thermal technology, reflective
high-albedo roof paint,
minimal exterior lighting,
separate smoking rooms with
exhaust system and zero-
water discharge
More than 10% of the building materials
are refurbished from other sites and 40%
are from within 500 miles of the project site

27. The Druk White
Lotus School -
Ladakh
In this desert landscape of
severe climatic conditions,
3,500 meters above sea level,
was born a modest school
that is adjudged as an
outstanding example of
sustainable, green, cost
effective building
development. This multi-
award winning structure is the
recipient of the Best Asian
Building, Best Education
Building and Best Green
Building awards. It combines
the best of traditional Ladakhi
architecture with 21st century
engineering excellence and is
built with traditional materials
such as locally excavated
stone, mud bricks, timber and
grass.
Traditional mud brick masonry is used
internally to provide increased thermal
performance and durability

28. La Cuisine Solaire
- Auroville
 One of the most
innovative green
buildings in the country
is the solar kitchen at
Auroville that best
demonstrates the use of
solar energy to produce
steam. This 1700 sq. m.
kitchen is named thus
because of the huge 15
diameter solar bowl that
has been fixed at the top
of the structure to
harvest solar energy. On
a clear day, this green
structure can generate
enough steam at a
temperature of 150°C
that can be used to cook
meals for 1000 people,
three times a day.
 This building puts to use appropriate
technologoes and passive solar
concepts to achieve energy-efficiency

29. Doon School -
Dehradun
Authorities can rightfully
claim that this establishment
is one of India's first green
school campuses that opted
for recycling measures and
successfully achieved cent per
cent self-sufficiency in energy,
water and organic fertilizer.
Several old building blocks
that were part of the 69 acre
school were redesigned and
solar thermal systems, waste
management processes as
well as biomass gasification
systems were introduced as
part of its green initiatives.
Doon school drastically reduced the need
for artificial heating/cooling air
conditioning through solar thermal systems
and cross-ventilation

30. Raintree Hotels -
Chennai
Here is an eco-sensitive hotel
for the eco-savvy traveler. The
entire chain of Raintree
business hotels across
Chennai city are the first eco-
sensitive hotels in South
India. Everything about this
hospitality range is green:
right from the rubber wood,
bamboo and medium-density
fiber used for construction
down to the Portland
Pozzalana cement containing
15 to 20 per cent fly ash. The
George Fisher concealed
cistern installed at the hotel
controls the water used in
toilet flushes and the sewage
treatment plant recycles water
for use in air conditioners.
Setting new standards of environmental
responsibility without compromising on
guest experience

31. Rajiv Gandhi
International
Airport -
Hyderabad
India’s first Greenfield airport is
undeniably among the top 10
green buildings in India and the
first airport in Asia to be
awarded the LEED ‘Silver’ rating
certification by US Green
Building Council. Featuring
100,005 sq. m. of glass encased
terminal, this green building
ensures optimal use of natural
light and minimal wastage of
electricity or energy
consumption. Yet another of its
green features includes the
recycling of treated wastewater
for landscaping, air conditioning
and flushing requirements.
This greenfield airport has been built at a
cost of Rs 2,478 crore

32. Patni Knowledge
Centre
* Climate responsive architecture
* Over 50% green area
* 75% of the area receives natural
daylight
* 95% of the occupants get access
to outside views
* Zero discharge building; 100%
recycling of sewage
* Drip water irrigation and solar
water heating
* Interior materials with low
volatile organic compound (VOC)
emissions
* Healthy air quality with CO2
sensors for adding fresh air on
demand
* Maximum use of eco-friendly
recyclable material.
Set up with an investment of Rs.. 175 crores, this
Green IT-BPO centre is spread over 5 acres of
land and seats over 3,500 people.

33. Nokia - Gurgaon
Among India’s most sustainable
buildings is the corporate office
of Nokia in Gurgaon which has
been granted accreditation as
one of the world’s leading green
buildings by the U.S. Green
Building Council (USGBC). This is
the first time that a commercial
interior fit-out project in India is
being awarded the Green
Building Award and prestigious
LEED ‘Gold’ rating. What makes
this green office stand out from
the rest is its smart lighting
and ventilation systems, high-
efficiency chillers, high-
performance double glazing,
heat recovery wheel, green
guard certified furniture and
online CO2 monitoring
system.

34. SOME IMAGES OF GREEN BUILDINGS

35. LEED – The System
- LEED was a step in the
right direction
- Created a national
standard, providing
reliable information, a
rigorous rating system,
and a checklist for going
green
- However, there are
serious problems

36.  LEED project certification - provides
independent, third-party verification that
a building project meets the highest
green building and performance
measures
 United States Green Building
Council (USGBC) issued a set of
guidelines in 2000
 LEED Professional Accreditation -
building professionals with the
knowledge and skills to successfully
steward the LEED certification process
 Sustainable Building and
Construction Initiative (SBCI) was
launched by the United Nations
Environment Program (UNEP) in February
2006

37. Buildings
 In the United States alone, buildings account for:
 65% of electricity consumption
 36% of energy use
 39% of greenhouse gas emissions
 30% of raw materials use
 30% of waste output (136 million tons annually)
 12% of potable water consumption
 Buildings are one of the heaviest consumers of natural
resources
 Factors that are expediting the growth of green building:
 Unprecedented level of government initiatives
 Heightened residential demand for green construction
 Improvements in sustainable materials

38. Green Building by the
Numbers
 The value of green building construction is
expected to exceed $12 billion in 2008 and
is projected to increase to $60 billion by
2010.
 The construction market accounts for 14.2%
of the $10 trillion U.S. GDP
 The construction market involves a
workforce of 120 million people
 The three largest segments for
nonresidential green building construction
(office, education and health care) will
account for more than 80% of total
nonresidential green construction in 2008.

39. Benefits of Green Building
 Environmental benefits:
 Enhance and protect
ecosystems and
biodiversity
 Improve air and water
quality
 Reduce solid waste
 Conserve natural resources

40. Benefits of Green Building
 Economic benefits:
 Reduce operating costs
 Enhance asset value and
profits
 Improve employee
productivity and satisfaction
 Optimize life-cycle
economic performance

41. Benefits of Green Building
 Health and community
benefits:
 Improve air, thermal, and
acoustic environments
 Enhance occupant comfort
and health
 Minimize strain on local
infrastructure
 Contribute to overall quality
of life

42. What will green cost?
 The most common reason for not incorporating green
elements into building designs is the increase in first cost
 Reasonable levels of sustainable design can be incorporated
into most building types at little or no additional cost.
 Sustainable materials and systems are becoming more
affordable, sustainable design elements are becoming widely
accepted in the mainstream of project design, and building
owners and tenants are beginning to demand and value those
features.
 However, advanced or innovative sustainable features can add
significantly to the cost of a project and must be valued
independently to ensure that they are cost- and/or
environmentally effective.

43. What will green cost?
 The cost for incorporating sustainable design elements
will depend greatly on a wide range of factors, including
building type, project location, local climate, site
conditions, and the familiarity of the project team with
sustainable design.
 In most cases, these factors have a relatively small but
still noticeable impact on the overall cost of
sustainability.
 Cumulatively, however, they can make quite a
difference
 There can be no single answer to the question, but it is
easier to answer the question “What will green cost me
on my project?”

44. LEED for Homes
 LEED for Homes Checklist
 8 categories:
 Innovation and Design Process
(ID)
 Location and Linkages (LL)
 Sustainable Sites (SS)
 Water Efficiency (WE)
 Energy and Atmosphere (EA)
 Materials and Resources (MR)
 Indoor Environmental Air
Quality (EQ)
 Awareness and Education (AE)
 Rating:
 Certified: 45-59
 Silver: 60-74
 Gold: 75-89
 Platinum: 90-136
 Initiative for Affordable Housing

45. LEED for New Construction
 LEED-NC Rating System is designed to guide and distinguish high-
performance commercial and institutional projects
 Includes office buildings, high-rise residential buildings, government
buildings, recreational facilities, manufacturing plants, and laboratories
 Rating:
 Certified: 26-32 points
 Silver: 33-38 points
 Gold: 39-51 points
 Platinum: 52-69 points
 LEED-New Construction (NC) buildings are delivering anticipated
energy savings
 LEED energy use is 25-30% better than the national average

46. LEED for Existing Buildings
 The LEED for Existing Buildings Rating
System helps building owners and
operators measure operations,
improvements and maintenance on a
consistent scale, with the goal of
maximizing operational efficiency while
minimizing environmental impacts
• Addresses whole-building cleaning and maintenance issues
(including chemical use), recycling programs, exterior
maintenance programs, and systems upgrades
• It can be applied both to existing buildings seeking LEED
certification for the first time and to projects previously
certified under LEED for New Construction or Core & Shell

47. LEED for Commercial
Interiors
 LEED for Commercial Interiors is the
green benchmark for the tenant
improvement market (office, retail,
and institutional buildings)
 Tenants who lease their space or do
not occupy the entire building can
LEED certify their space as a green
interior
 Benefits:
 Healthy, productive places to work
 Less costly to operate and maintain
 Have a reduced environmental
footprint

48. LEED for Core & Shell
 Complementary to the LEED for
Commercial Interiors rating system
 Acknowledges the limitations of
developers in a speculatively developed
building and encourages the
implementation of green design and
construction practices in areas over which
the developer has control
 Developers can often implement green
strategies that indirectly benefit future
tenants. Conversely, developers can
inadvertently implement strategies
that prohibit tenants from executing
green fit-outs
 Works to set up a synergistic relationship,
which allows future tenants to capitalize
on green strategies implemented by the
developer
•Core and shell covers base building
elements such as structure, envelope
and the HVAC system
•Core and shell covers base building
elements such as structure, envelope
and the HVAC system

49. LEED for Schools
 Recognizes the unique nature of
school spaces and children’s
health issues
 Addresses issues such as
classroom acoustics, master
planning, mold prevention and
environmental site assessment
 Green schools are productive
learning environments with
ample natural light, high-quality
acoustics and air that is safe to
breathe
 Green schools nurture children
while saving money

50. LEED for Retail
 LEED for Retail is in Pilot
 Recognizes the unique nature of
the retail environment and
addresses the different types of
spaces that retailers need for
their distinctive product lines.
 USGBC and over 80 Pilot project
teams are collaborating to create
two new rating systems:
 LEED for Retail: New
Construction
 LEED for Retail: Commercial
Interiors

51. LEED for Healthcare
 Developed to meet the unique needs of
the health care market, including inpatient
care facilities, licensed outpatient care
facilities, and licensed long term care
facilities
 It may also be used for medical offices,
assisted living facilities and medical
education & research centers
 Addresses issues such as increased
sensitivity to chemicals and pollutants,
traveling distances from parking facilities,
and access to natural spaces
 Represents a culmination of four years of
close collaboration between the Green
Guide for Healthcare (GGHC) and USGBC.

52. LEED for Neighborhood
Development
 The LEED for Neighborhood
Development Rating System is
currently in its pilot period
 It integrates the principles of smart
growth, urbanism and green building
into the first national system for
neighborhood design
 Purposes:
 Reduce urban sprawl
 Encourage healthy living
 Protect threatened species
 A collaboration among USGBC, the
Congress for the New Urbanism and
the Natural Resources Defense
Council

53. Federal/State Requirements
 The system is rapidly spreading
– federal departments and
agencies and state and local
governments are adopting
LEED as a guideline or are
adopting other LEED incentives
 The federal government now
requires that new official
buildings above a certain size
be LEED-certified
 Several cities have adopted
similar measures

54. Problems with LEED
- LEED has become expensive, slow, confusing, and
unwieldy, resulting in:
- Mediocre green buildings where certification, not
environmental responsibility is the primary goal
- A few super high level eco-structures built by ultra
motivated and wealthy owners – stand as a beacon of
impossibility
- Explosion of LEED certified architects and engineers chasing
lots of money but designing few buildings
- Discouraged group of professionals who want to build green
but cant afford to certify their buildings

55. Problems with LEED
 System is easy to manipulate
 Focus on points, not environmental benefits
 points game
 get the PR benefits of a green project
without actually having the most
environmentally friendly building
- a $395 bike rack and a multimillion-dollar
low-energy A.C. system both get one
point
 Basic certification is too low a hurdle to merit
the green stamp of approval
 developers can rack up the minimum
number of needed points without going
much beyond the requirements

56. Problems with LEED
 System does not consider regional
differences
 Water conservation is more
important in some areas
 Neglects the importance of a
building’s life cycle
 Location is not emphasized
enough
 No penalties for non-compliance
after certification

57. Cost Problems
 Developers have to bring in many
consultants and reviewers to approve each
step
 Can significantly raise building costs
 The USGBC's fees for registration range
from $750 to $3,750, and certification runs
from $1,500 to $7,500, depending on the
size of the building.
 The big costs come in the form of energy
modeling, commissioning, and other
requirements of certification; these can run
into the tens of thousands of dollars,
according to architects and developers

58. LEED – the future
 The idea behind LEED is a worthy
goal, there have just been
problems in the execution
 LEED does not guarantee energy
efficiency
 Some critics argue that the basic
certification is too low a hurdle to
merit the green stamp of
approval – developers can rack
up the minimum number of
needed points without going
much beyond the requirements

61. Energy
Use

62. Construction Impacts
 76 million residential buildings in US
 5 million commercial buildings in US
 consume 40 % or raw materials
 32% total energy produced
 17% fresh water
 25% global wood harvest
 5 billion gals water/day just for toilets
 generates
 25-40% of municipal solid waste from C&D
 50% of US CFC production
 30% of US CO2 production

63. Building Operations Impacts
 49% of Sulfur Dioxide emissions
 25% nitrous oxide emissions
 10% of all particulate matter
 1/3 of all energy consumption in US
 2/3 of all electricity consumption in US
 disturbs natural habitats
 contaminates air, soil, and water
 depletes non-renewable resources
 ½ of greenhouse gases
 35% of carbon dioxide emissions
 community issues
 occupant issues
 sources: “The Architecture of Sustainability, 2002”, World Watch Institute, USGBC

64. Key Issues and Benefits
 Institution
 Building Commissioning
 Air Quality
 Occupants productivity
and well being
 Energy Conservation
 Water Conservation
 Storm Water
Management
 Waste Management
 Local & State Standards &
Programs
 Green ethics /
commitment
 Research and Grant
opportunities
 Being a leader (as it
should)
 Responsibility to show
importance
 Competitive advantage (ie
– recruiting)
 Institutional community
demand
 Great public relations

65. Overall Financial Benefits
 Energy
 Water
 Wastewater
 Reduced Waste
 Improved Indoor
Environmental Quality
 Greater Employee
Comfort/Productivity
 Reduced Employee
Health Costs
 Lower Operation and
Maintenance Costs
 Competitive First Costs
 Through integrated
design & synergies
 Increased Value & ROI
 Marketing Advantage
 Reduced Liability
 Improve Risk
Management
 Insurance costs

66. Air Quality
 Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) – effect the contents of
the inside air has on a structure and its
occupants
 People spend 90% of their time indoors
 Indoor air has 10-100X higher pollutants than
outdoor air
 USEPA “Indoor Air Quality” Jan, 6 2003

67. Green Building Occupants Are
Healthier & More Productive
 In the U.S., people spend on average 90% or more of their
time indoors*
 Indoor pollutant levels may be 2 – 5 times higher than
outdoor levels
 EPA ranks poor Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) in the top 5
health risks**
 Costs to Americans estimated at:
$1.5 billion in medical bills
Tens of billions in lost productivity & absenteeism
 LEED certified project case studies illustrate 2 - 16 %
increased worker and student productivity*
**

68. What are the rating systems?
LEED (US)
BREEAM (UK)
CASBEE (Japan)
DGNB (Germany)
Green Star (Australia)
IGBC/LEED/GRIHA (India)

69. LEED
(Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design)
 Created by the U.S Green Building Council
(USGBC) in 1998
 Nationally recognized standard for Green Building
 Adapted for other countries
 Canada
 Australia
 Hong Kong

70. LEED 2009
An analytical basis for
point allocation.
An extensible analytical
foundation to address
new issues and new
green building
strategies.

71. LEED Certification Scorecard
Breakdown
Sustainable
Sites
21% Water
Efficiency
11%
Energy &
Atmosphere
37%
Materials &
Resources
14%
Indoor
Environmental
Quality
17%
Total : 100 points
Sources: “LEED-NC (V2.2) Point Breakdown”.

72. Certified 40-49 points
Silver 50-59 points
Gold 60-79 points
Platinum 80-100 points
*Source: U.S Green Building

73. Rainwater
harvested fo
irrigation &
toilet
flushing
Beneficial
water
reuse

74. Recycled-
content
Regionally
manufactur
ed
Recycle
Constructio
n &
demolition
waste
Certifie
d Wood

75. Low-emitting
materials
Ventilati
on
Thermal
comfort
Daylight
& views

76. Stormwater
managemen
t & erosion
control
Ecosyste
m
Outdoor
microclim
ate
Alternativ
e
transportat
ion

77. Renewab
le energy
Performa
nce
measurem
ent &
verificatio
n
Life
Cycle
Assessme
nt (LCA)

78. UW School of Human Ecology
LEED Gold
UW Madison Education Building
LEED Gold
Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery
LEED Gold

79. Wisconsin Institute for Discovery
recycling 92 percent of
construction-related debris
solar panels to reduce
energy used to heat the
building
glass for natural lighting
automatic window shades
to limit exposure to heat
and cold
high-performance terra
cotta and recycled
insulation on the exterior
walls
Installing chilled beams
cooled by groundwater in
warm areas

80. Benefits

82. Why the Demand?
 Unprecedented level of government
initiatives
 Heightened residential demand for
green construction
 Improvements in sustainable
materials
Source: Facility Management Institute 2008 U.S. Construction Overview

85. Vertical Farming
Sources: “The Future of Agriculture May Be Up”,
Wall Street Journal, Oct 15 2012

86. 1.
Plants will grow
in boxes on a
mechanical track
that carries them
from the top of
the building to
the bottom for
2.
Mechanical
arms below the
track will
gradually shift
the boxes
forward on
each level
3.
Leafy vegetables will
be planted in the boxes
in pumice to hold
water.
An irrigation line will
carry water and
nutrients to the roots.

87. Your Role in the Green
Environment
 Fundamental instruction in the green environment, green construction
practices, & green building rating systems
 Developed with:
 Sustainable Facilities & Infrastructure Research Team at
Myers-Lawson School of Construction at Virginia Tech University
 NCCER is a USGBC Education Provider
87

89. 1988
• Work on creating BREEAM began at Building Research Establishment
(BRE) (based in Watford, UK) in 1988
1990
• the first version for assessing new office buildings was launched in 1990
• This was followed by versions for other buildings including superstores,
industrial units and existing offices
2000
• A version of BREEAM for new homes called EcoHomes was launched in
2000.
• This scheme was later used as the basis of the Code for Sustainable Homes
• This was developed by BRE for the UK Government in 2006/7 and replaced
EcoHomes in England and Wales.
2008
• An extensive update of all BREEAM schemes in 2008 resulted in the
introduction of mandatory post-construction reviews, minimum standards and
innovation credits.
• International versions of BREEAM were also launched that year.
2011
• The latest major update in 2011 resulted in the launch of BREEAM New
Construction, which is now used to assess and certify all new UK buildings
2014
• Projected Date for next update
TIMELINEQuickHistoryofBREEAM

90. NationalSchemeOperators
BREEAM NL
BREEAM ES
BREEAM NOR
BREEAM SE
BREEAM DE
BREEAM AT BREEAM CH
BREEAM LU
The Netherlands – the Dutch Green Building Council operates BREEAM NL Spain – the Instituto
Tecnológico de Galicia operates BREEAM ES Norway – the Norwegian Green Building Council
operates BREEAM NOR Sweden – the Swedish Green Building Council operates BREEAM SE
Germany – the German Institute for Sustainable Real Estate (DIFNI) is operating BREEAM DE
Austria – DIFNI is operating BREEAM AT Switzerland – DIFNI is adapting BREEAM CH
Luxembourg – DIFNI is adapting BREEAM LU

91. BREEAM rewards performance above regulation which delivers
environmental, comfort or health benefits. BREEAM awards points or ‘Credits’
and groups the environmental impacts as follows:
• Energy: operational energy and carbon dioxide (CO2)
• Management: management policy, commissioning, site
management and procurement
• Health and Wellbeing: indoor and external issues (noise, light, air,
quality etc)
• Transport: transport-related CO2 and location related factors
• Water consumption and efficiency
• Materials: embodied impacts of building materials, including
lifecycle impacts like embodied carbon dioxide
• Waste: construction resource efficiency and operational waste
management and minimisation
• Pollution: external air and water pollution
• Land Use: type of site and building footprint
• Ecology: ecological value, conservation and enhancement of the
site
The total number of points or credits gained in each section is multiplied by an
environmental weighting factor which takes into account the relative importance of each
CATEGORIESEnvironmentalImpact

92. BREEAM New Construction is the BREEAM standard against which the
sustainability of new, non-residential buildings in the UK is assessed.
Developers and their project teams use the scheme at key stages in the
design and procurement process to measure, evaluate, improve and reflect
the performance of their buildings.
BREEAM International New Construction is the BREEAM standard for
assessing the sustainability of new residential and non-residential buildings in
countries around the world, except for the UK and other countries with a
national BREEAM scheme (see below). This scheme makes use of
assessment criteria that take account of the circumstances, priorities, codes
and standards of the country or region in which the development is located.
BREEAM In-Use is a scheme to help building managers reduce the running
costs and improve the environmental performance of existing buildings. It has
three parts – Parts 1 (building asset) and 2 (building management) are
relevant to all non-domestic, commercial, industrial, retail and institutional
buildings. Part 3 (occupier management) of the BREEAM In-Use certification
scheme is currently restricted to offices.
SCOPEThefocusareasofBREEAM

93. BREEAM Refurbishment provides a design and assessment method for
sustainable housing refurbishment projects, helping to cost effectively improve
the sustainability and environmental performance of existing dwellings in a
robust way. A scheme for non-housing refurbishment projects is being
developed and is targeted for launch in early 2014. The launch date will be
announced once the piloting and independent peer review processes has
been completed.
BREEAM Communities focuses on the master planning of whole
communities. It is aimed at helping construction industry professionals to
design places that people want to live and work in, are good for the
environment and are economically successful.
BREEAM Rating % SCORE
Unclassified <30
Pass ≥30
Good ≥45
Very Good ≥55
Excellent ≥70
Outstanding ≥85
* there are additional criteria for achieving a BREEAM Outstanding rating
SCOPEThefocusareasofBREEAM

94. SCOPEThefocusareasofBREEAM

95. BREEAMNewConstructionAssessment

96. BREEAMKeyPerformanceIndicators

97. Minimum Standards
BREEAMGeneralInformation

98. BREEAM Score Card
BREEAMGeneralInformation

99. Innovation Credits
Innovation credits are awarded for either complying with pre-defined BREEAM
issue exemplary level requirements, through the appointment of a BREEAM
Accredited Professional or Suitably Qualified Assessor or via application to
BRE Global to have a particular building feature, system or process approved
as
‘innovative’.
Fees
On top of the BREEAM assessor fees for the time allowance, BRE certification
fees must be paid. Currently these are £1,230 (for the design stage and post
construction – same cost if just doing the post-construction stage
assessment).
Additional fees apply for BREEAM Other Buildings.
Timeframe
The time for completing the process (design stage and post-construction
stage)
may take anything from three months to three years depending on the type of
building, type of assessment, project programme and how quickly the required
documentation is provided by the project team to the BREEAM Assessor.
BREEAMCriterias

100. ASSESSMENTStageWiseProcedure

101. ASSESSMENTStageWiseProcedure

102. ASSESSMENTStageWiseProcedure
Registration:
It is essential to ensure that the scheme is appropriately registered with the
BRE. This is done by completing and returning the registration checklist. Once
registered, the scheme is then protected from future changes and updates to the
scheme.
Pre-Assessment:
This stage is undertaken by design teams wanting to establish a realistic
baseline for a development from which they can explore the options available to
enhance its performance. Pre-assessments are normally undertaken for funding,
planning or viability purposes and are generally undertaken as early as possible
in the design process, before the design and servicing options have been
confirmed.
The process starts with the assessor meeting with the design team to talk
through the BREEAM criteria and to develop a score based on commitments
made in the meeting and using any other information available at that time. This
meeting can take 2-3 hours. After the meeting the design team will be given a
period of time to review the commitments made in the meeting and to respond to
the assessor with any further comments or information. After this point, and with
the rating agreed, the assessor will complete and issue the pre-assessment
report.
The Pre-assessment report is designed to show how, based on the information
and commitments provided, the development is capable of achieving a certain

103. ASSESSMENTStageWiseProcedure
Initial Guidance / Design & Procurement Assessment:
The Design and Procurement (D&P) assessment is the first official stage in the
BREEAM assessment process and is undertaken for the majority of BREEAM
projects. A D&P assessment should be started as early as possible in the design
stage in order to ensure that the development picks up as many credits as
possible in the most pragmatic and cost effective way.
The first stage in the D&P assessment process is for the assessor to meet with
the design team in order to establish an ‘agreed’ list of credits to be pursued
which will enable the required rating to be achieved. This meeting can take
between 2 and 3 hours.
After the design team meeting, the assessor will prepare a guidance report
which will detail the performance requirements for each credit. In addition the
assessor will provide an information required schedule (IRS) which will confirm
the documentation required for each credit.
The design team will then have an agreed period in which to supply the relevant
information to the assessor. Throughout this time, the assessor will continually
update and re-issue the IRS to reflect the information received. The assessor
will also be available during this time to provide support and assistance to the
design team.
Once all the information has been received/the agreed target has been
achieved, the assessor will submit the D&P assessment report to the BRE for
quality assurance and issue of the D&P (Interim) certificate.
It is recommended that the design stage assessment is completed prior to the
start of works on site or as soon as possible after works commence.

104. ASSESSMENTStageWiseProcedure
Construction:
Whilst there is no formal BREEAM construction stage, Peak Sustainability
continues to offer support to the design team to ensure that, if not yet complete,
the appropriate information is provided for the design stage assessment and
also to provide ongoing advice with regards to the preparation and recording of
evidence for the post construction review.
Post Construction Review:
The post construction review (PCR) is undertaken upon practical completion of
the development. The main purpose of the post construction review is to ensure
that the ‘as built’ development meets the standards committed to during the
design and procurement stage.

105. ASSESSMENTStageWiseProcedure
The post construction review starts with a site visit by the assessor. This visit
can take 2-3 hours as the assessor collects photographic evidence of the
various systems, materials and features of the development. It is recommended
that the site visit takes place as soon after PC as possible in order to prevent
credits being lost as a result of changes made by future occupants.
After the site visit, the assessor will prepare a post construction information
required schedule (IRS) which will confirm the ‘as built’ documentation required
for each credit. The design team will then have a period of up to 12 weeks in
which to supply the relevant ‘as built’ information to the assessor. Throughout
this time, the assessor will continually update and re-issue the IRS to reflect the
information received. The assessor will also be available during this time to
provide support and assistance to the design team.
Once all the information has been received/the agreed target has been
achieved, the assessor will submit the PCR assessment report to the BRE for
quality assurance and issue of the PCR (Final) certificate.

106. FEEForNewConstruction
Registration 190 GBP
Certification Fee – Per Part 250 GBP
Total (3 parts) 1230 GBP
2.Clients are required to pass an on-line test prior to registering an their
first asset. The cost of the test is 75 GBP.
3.BREEAM New construction certification is based on an on-line self
assessment which is audited by an independent BREEAM Assessor. The
assessor charges a market based fee dependent upon the complexity of
the audit which is generally in the range of 5,000 GBP. Engaging an
external auditor is a mandatory part of the process.
4.Project Consultant – Typical fees range from 5,000 – 10,000 GBP for a
BREEAM assessor to assist in preparing the necessary
documentation. Use of a consultant is not a requirement for BREEAM
certification, indeed the system is designed so that the client can complete
the initial assessment in-house. The assessor acting as consultant does
not need to be independent and is often an in-house resource, however
this assessor can not also audit the Assessment.

107. CASESTUDYWaitroseSupermarket,Stratford
Project team details
Client: Waitrose Limited.
Employers Agent: Underwood Carpenter
Contractor: RG Carter Limited
Architect: Bamber & Reddan Architects
Building Services: Synergy BSS Limited.
Background
This Waitrose supermarket at Stratford City forms part of the new Westfield
Shopping Centre. Waitrose took on the empty shell and fitted it out to the
company’s own specification.
Waitrose operates an in-house policy that all of its stores are BREEAM
assessed, with the minimum requirement being a ‘Very Good’ rating. As there
was opportunity at the Westfield site to connect into the development’s ‘Energy
Centre’, Waitrose decided to do this and to strive for an ‘Outstanding’ rating for
the fit-out work.

108. CASESTUDYWaitroseSupermarket,Stratford
Key facts
BREEAM rating: Outstanding
Score:Design Stage – 89.27%. Final – 86.29%
Size: 3012m²
Stage: Design Stage Complete, Post Completion Stage Complete
BREEAM version: Retail 2008 Version 4.
Overview of environmental features
Connection to Westfield’s Energy Centre resulting in a CO2 reduction of more
than 20%.
No use of traditional refrigerants – hydrocarbons only, which have a much lower
detrimental effect on the environment.
Fit-out materials all carry EMS certification.
Excellent public transport links, with Stratford and Stratford International train
stations, the Underground, DLR and bus links in close proximity.
Water saving sanitary ware and technologies, such as sanitary supply shut-off
valves, installed as standard specification.
Free cooling in the form of cold air retrieval from the refrigerated cabinets used.
An ‘A’ rated Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) – CO2 index of 24.
No electric heating, thereby minimizing the NOx emissions associated with the
store.

109. CASESTUDYWaitroseSupermarket,Stratford
Building services
The Westfield Energy Centre provides the Waitrose supermarket with its primary
means of heating and cooling – all of the store’s heating demand is provided via
the Centre, and cooling to the back-of-house areas is provided via the chilled
water supplied from the Energy Centre.
The Centre also provides the cooling demand for the water cooled food
refrigeration system.
All of the sales area’s cooling demand is met via cold air retrieval from the
refrigerated food cabinets located in the sales floor.
Green strategy
The strategy of connecting with Westfield’s Energy Centre has delivered
reduced CO2 emissions and a reduction in the reliance on fossil fuels.
A focus on sustainable management and on waste has resulted in maximum
BREEAM credits being awarded in the management and waste categories.

110. CASESTUDYWaitroseSupermarket,Stratford
The BREEAM assessment
These BREEAM scores are based on the final assessment, which is currently
with BRE Global awaiting audit:
Management –100%
Waste – 100%
Materials – 85.71%
Transport – 84.62%
Pollution – 80%
Health & Wellbeing – 77.78%
Energy – 68%

111. COMPARISIONBREEAMvsLEED

112. COMPARISIONBREEAMvsLEED

113. BREEAM’s Relative Strengths
• Minimum Standards
BREEAM’s minimum standards, pertaining to specific credits or specific criteria
for credits, are tiered based on the target rating, ranging from four to 26 credits
or criteria.
Whereas LEED has a fixed number of eight prerequisites applicable across all
rating classifications (plus one of the seven Minimum Program Requirements
pertaining to sharing energy and water usage data considered to be
comparable).
• Energy Consumption / CO 2 Reduction
BREEAM encourages reduction in CO 2 to zero net emissions in relation to
Building Regulations Part L 2010 to achieve maximum points worth 10.56% of
the total score.
LEED targets energy reduction, instead of CO 2, based on improvement over an
ASHRAE 90.1-2007 baseline, and offers maximum points worth 17% of the total
score for an energy cost reduction of only 48%.
• Energy Sub-Metering
BREEAM has a compulsory minimum standard of sub-metering substantial
energy uses for Very Good, Excellent and Outstanding ratings. LEED has no
energy sub-metering prerequisite.
COMPARISIONBREEAMvsLEED

114. • Life-Cycle Cost Analysis
There are no LEED credits for life-cycle costing, therefore it may not encourage
the most environmentally efficient allocation of capital.
• Materials
In relation to sustainable materials and life-cycle impacts, BRE has produced the
Green Book Live and the Green Guide to Specification (8) which provide useful
information for designers, whereas under LEED, designers must rely on a
multiplicity of manufacturers’ and/or third parties’ product
evaluations/certifications (Reed et al., 2010, p.147) or relatively simplified
checklists (Saunders, 2008, p.25).
• Transport
BREEAM’s travel plan credit is more rigorous in relation to actual accessibility of
public transport compared to LEED which does not take account of the routes,
hours of service and frequency of service.
COMPARISIONBREEAMvsLEED

115. LEED’s Relative Strengths
• Transparency
LEED’s approach is more consensus-based and transparent compared to
BREEAM’s. For example the technical criteria proposed by the various LEED
committees are publicly reviewed for approval by USGBC’s c. 15,000 member
companies and organizations.
• Resources
LEED provides more extensive publicly accessible resources, research and
case studies than BREEAM. This includes, for example, the Green Building
Information Gateway (9) , a “map-centric” portal providing LEED certification
data and analysis at national, state, city and project level. BREEAM does not
publish data on numbers of buildings certified by type and rating achieved.
• Post-Occupancy Evaluation
Post-occupancy evaluation (POE) provides the scheme operators with valuable
feedback on the effectiveness of particular credits in terms of their take-up and
actual environmental impact, which it can use to disseminate best practice and
inform future development of the assessment method
LEED is more rigorous in this regard. Under the compulsory Minimum Program
Requirements, all certified projects must commit to sharing with USGBC/GBCI
all available actual energy and water usage data for the whole project for a
period of at least five years from occupancy.
COMPARISIONBREEAMvsLEED

116. • Heat Island Effect
LEED has credits for reducing the heat island effect (for example through
shading by trees and specifying high solar reflectance materials). BREEAM
does not address this, and although it offers credits for green roofs, it is for the
purposes of mitigating ecological impact and reducing surface water run-off.
• Thermal Comfort
Although both methods address thermal comfort through design, only LEED
offers an additional credit for verification – by way of a survey of occupiers
between 6 to 18 months of occupancy, and a corrective action plan in the event
that more than 20% are dissatisfied with thermal comfort.
• Indoor Air Quality
LEED’s indoor air quality credit requirements are more sophisticated than
BREEAM’s, driven by the USA’s climate and greater reliance on mechanically
ventilated and air conditioned buildings. Furthermore, LEED addresses indoor
air quality (IAQ) and mold prevention post-construction but prior to occupancy by
offering a credit which requires either a full air flush-out in accordance with
specific air volume, temperature and relative humidity parameters, or IAQ testing
consistent with EPA or ISO methods. BREEAM has no such requirements.
COMPARISIONBREEAMvsLEED

117. CASBEE
CERTIFICATION
ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN

118. Introduction
 CASBEE(Comprehensive Assessment System for Building
Environmental Efficiency) , a system created in 2001
 Research and development of CASBEE is a joint
industrial/government/academic project established under
the support of the Japanese ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism.
 The system comprehensively assesses the quality of a
building based on its environmental awareness in using
building materials and equipment that have little
environmental impact, while also taking into account other
criteria such as the level of comfort of an interior or the views

119. The Beginning
 There has been a growing movement towards sustainable
construction since the second half of the 1980s, leading to the
development of various methods for evaluating the environmental
performance of buildings.

120. The Beginning
CASBEE was developed according to the following policies:
1) The system should be structured to award high assessments
to superior buildings, thereby enhancing incentives to designers
and others.
2) The assessment system should be as simple as possible.
3) The system should be applicable to buildings in a wide range
of building types.
4) The system should take into consideration issues and
problems peculiar to Japan and Asia.

121. Building Lifecycle and Four
Assessment Tools

122. Assessment tools
Corresponding to the building lifecycle, CASBEE is composed of
four assessment tools,
CASBEE for Pre-design,
CASBEE for New Construction,
CASBEE for Existing Building
CASBEE for Renovation,
and to serve at each stage of the design process.
CASBEE Family is the collective name for these four basic tools
and the tools for specific purposes.
Each tool is intended for the specific purpose and target users,
and is designed to accommodate a wide range of building types
(offices, schools, apartments, etc.).

123. CASBEE for Specific Purposes
Application Name
For Detached Houses
CASBEE for Detached Houses
(for New Construction, for Existing Building)
For Temporary Construction CASBEE for Temporary Construction
Brief versions
CASBEE for New Construction (Brief Version), for Existing
Buildings (Brief version), for Renovation (Brief version)
CASBEE for Urban Development (Brief version)
Local government versions CASBEE-Nagoya, CASBEE-Osaka, CASBEE-Yokohama etc.
For Heat Island effect CASBEE for Heat Island
For Urban Development CASBEE for Urban Development
For Cities CASBEE for Cities
For Market Promotion CASBEE for Market Promotion

124. Assessment system
. A building is rated based on a five-class assessment system :
 S (excellent);
 A (extremely good);
 B+ (good);
 B- (rather poor);
 C (poor).
A building rated A or above is deemed to be excellent and
sustainable (an environmentally friendly building).

125. Assessment Method
Two Categories of
Assessment: Q and L
 two spaces, internal
and external
 Thus we have put
forward CASBEE in
which the "negative
aspects of
environmental impact
which go beyond the
hypothetical enclosed
space. Division of the assessment categories for
Q: Built Environment Quality
L: Built Environment Load based on the
hypothetical boundary

126. Target Fields and Its Rearrangement
CASBEE covers the following four assessment fields:
(1) Energy efficiency
(2) Resource efficiency
(3) Local environment
(4) Indoor environment.
The assessment categories were classified as
BEE numerator Q (built environment quality)
BEE denominator L (built environment load).

127. Target Fields and Its Rearrangement
Q is further divided into three
items for assessment:
 Q1 Indoor environment
 Q2 Quality of services
 Q3 Outdoor environment
on site.
Similarly, L is divided into
 L1 Energy
 L2 Resources & Materials
 L3 Off-site Environment.

128. o Environmental Labeling Using
Built Environment Efficiency
(BEE)
BEE, using Q and L as the two assessment categories, is the core
concept of CASBEE.
Building Environmental Efficiency (BEE) =
Q (Building Environmental Quality and Performance)
L (Building Environmental Loadings)
 The building types targeted for assessment are divided into
non-residential and residential categories with specified
subtypes under each category.
 The use of BEE has enabled simpler and clearer presentation
of building environmental performance assessment results.

129. BEE Representation
 BEE values are represented on the graph by plotting L on the x axis
and Q on the y axis.
 The BEE value assessment result is expressed as the gradient of the
straight line passing through the origin (0,0).
 The higher the Q value and the lower the L value, the steeper the
gradient and the more sustainable the building is.

130. From Eco-efficiency to Built
Environment Efficiency (BEE)
 Eco-Efficiency - "Value of products and services per unit
environmental load.”
 Efficiency - in terms of input and output quantities
 so a new model - expanded definition of Eco-Efficiency - as
"(beneficial output) / (input + non-beneficial output)."

131. Casestudy
YOKOHAMA BUILDING

132. Yokohama Dia Building
Class S-CASBEE
 the highest level in an assessment system for evaluating building
environmental efficiency (CASBEE Yokohama)
 first Mitsubishi Logistics building to be rated as "Class S.“
 In this assessment system, Yokohama City focuses on four main
areas:
global warming measures,
heat island measures,
longevity measures
consideration to the city landscape.

133. Initiatives To Preserve The
Environment
Global warming measures
 The exterior wall facing
Yokohama Station boasts Japan's
largest building material-
integrated photovoltaic panels.
 The building's heat load is
reduced through the application
of natural energy as well as auto-
control blinds that use a solar
homing sensor and lighting
controlled by daylight sensors.
 Photovoltaic panel

134. Solar power system integrated with building materials
 Solar panels are installed on the west side of the building
 with the cell density designed at 50% to ensure the view while
shielding sunrays
 Behind the panels, Fine Floors catwalks and louvers are installed to
admit air and treat the exhaust air

136. Solar tracking system with automatic
control blinds
 The automatic solar tracking
sensors detect the presence of
sunrays and adjust the angles of
the blinds’ slats to prevent direct
sunlight from entering the
building’s interior.
 When there are no direct rays,
the system opens the slats to
provide better view while
admitting maximum daylight
indoors, achieving a reduction in
power consumptions by
illumination.

137. Initiatives To Preserve The
Environment
Exterior of the building
Heat island measures
• lowering the effect of heat with rooftop
gardening
• environmental impacts are also reduced
by using outdoor air to cool the building
when external air temperature is lower
than room temperature during the
winter and inter-season periods.

138. Initiatives To Preserve The
Environment
Longevity measures
 Building sway is counterbalanced by vibrating weights
with a computer-controlled driving mechanism.
 In addition, a hybrid vibration damping mechanism
that combines active mass damper (AMD), to reduce
vibration caused by wind, and vibration damping
equipment (vibration damping brace, vibration
damping wall) is used to increase the building's
durability

139. Initiatives To Preserve The
Environment
City landscape considerations
 Improvements to the public arcade
that connects Yokohama Station and
the Port Side area have contributed
greatly to the development of a
pedestrian walkway network. A pocket
park was also added to provide a bit
of space for relaxation.
 Walkway-like open spaces and pocket
parks are provided on the ground
level in the external area
 Some of the third floor is designed for
pedestrian network in the district

140. CASESTUDY
TEDA MSD H2 LOW
CARBON BUILDING ,
TIANJIN, CHINA

141. TEDA
Class S-CASBEE
 First international CASBEE certified building
 Located at newly developed TEDA Modern Service District (MSD)
 Densely populated with service industry such as financial and IT
companies
 the TEDA MSD H2 Low Carbon Building is demonstrating
environmental sustainable urban development.
features the national top level environmental• photovoltaic generation,
• solar-heat hot water supply system
• geothermal heat pump system
• high-performance and low carbon
technologies;
• natural lighting,
• double-skinned facade, .

142. TEDA
 Implementing management of
building energy performance
with using BAS (Building
Automatic control System) and
BEMS (Building Energy
Management System - top level
energy-saving.
 As a comprehensive green
action plan, the project utilizes
eco-material and water
conservation with reusing water
supply system of gray water
and designs landscape by
planting trees and roof garden.

143. CASBEE vs. LEED
CASBEE
 its practical application has
been limited in Japan.
 fundamentally an
‘architectural’ design tool,.
 most commonly utilized as a
‘checklist for sustainable
design, and an official CASBEE
certification is rarely pursued
 evaluation items in CASBEE
are subjective
LEED
 has been transformed into
the “world’s biggest green-
building brand name” due to
the successful marketing
efforts by USGBC.
 comprise or could be
dissected into various
architectural and engineering
elements
 LEED certification is
customarily pursued by
project owners for marketing.

144.  In Japan, a sustainable building is often defined as one that is
designed “to save energy and resources, recycle materials
and minimize the emission of toxic substances throughout its
life cycle, to harmonize with the local climate, traditions,
culture and the surrounding environment, and to be able to
sustain and improve the quality of human life while
maintaining the capacity of the ecosystem at the local and
global levels”

145. START THINKING GREEN

146. Thank You :