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PRIVACY
AND
BITCOIN
Why Privacy
● Fungibility - blacklists add friction, Bitcoin less valuable
● Efficient operation of free market (costs of business
must be private to effectively price)
● Personal safety (wealth, purchases, ID theft, scams)
● Human dignity (habits and preferences)
● Financial privacy incompatible with law enforcement
(volunteer to provide records)
● Globally visible public records - undesirable, intolerable
Bitcoin
● Public transaction
● Traceable
● Permanently stored (can be traced in the
future)
● Attack - Connect ID and address
Unprecedented level of transparency that most people are not used to
dealing with.
Bitcoin addresses are the only information used to define where bitcoins
are allocated and where they are sent.
UTXO - Bitcoin Transaction Model
Address/Wallet Clustering
Blockchain Attacks on Privacy
● Common-input-ownership heuristic
● Change address detection
● Address reuse - Payment Output
● Wallet fingerprinting (address formats,
change order, number of inputs and
outputs, miners fee, coin selection
● Round numbers (converted to fiat)
Blockchain Attacks on Privacy
● Input amounts revealing sender wealth
● Forced address reuse
● Amount correlation
● Timing correlation
● Batching
Non-Blockchain Attacks
● Custodial Wallets
● Wallet history retrieval from third-party (SPV,
Electrum server, Blockchain explorer)
● Communication eavesdropping
● AML/KYC
● Digital forensics (addresses and ID on a hard
drive)
Improve Privacy
● Obtain Bitcoin anonymously (cash, earn, mine)
● Spend anonymously (hide ID, address, IP)
● Wallet history (full node, Wasabi, Tor, Electrum
server)
● No address reuse (labels and do-not-spend
forced address reuse attack)
● Coin Control (Labels)
Improve Privacy
● Change avoidance
● Multiple change outputs
● CoinJoin (Wasabi)
● Off-chain (Lightning, Side chains)
● Wasabi, Samourai (DoJo), Liquid
Chain Analysis
● Running nodes (up to 30%)
● Collect IP-addresses, cluster wallets
● Discover and profile addresses (exchanges,
published, dark markets, ATMs, businesses)
● Deploy heuristics
Chain Analysis
Chain Analysis
$5-Wrench Attack
● Don’t talk about your wealth
● Use multsig with keys in
multiple locations
● Bear arms, hire guards, rely on
police or army
There are two ways to beat this attack: by hiding or by defending yourself.
You can't be your own bank without
bank-level security.
Tips
● Backup your seed phrase
● Never Keep Coins on Exchanges
● Protect your addresses
● Learn about security
● Denis Serebryakov
twitter.com/ThatCryptoTO

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Privacy and Bitcoin - Attack Vectors

  • 2. Why Privacy ● Fungibility - blacklists add friction, Bitcoin less valuable ● Efficient operation of free market (costs of business must be private to effectively price) ● Personal safety (wealth, purchases, ID theft, scams) ● Human dignity (habits and preferences) ● Financial privacy incompatible with law enforcement (volunteer to provide records) ● Globally visible public records - undesirable, intolerable
  • 3. Bitcoin ● Public transaction ● Traceable ● Permanently stored (can be traced in the future) ● Attack - Connect ID and address Unprecedented level of transparency that most people are not used to dealing with. Bitcoin addresses are the only information used to define where bitcoins are allocated and where they are sent.
  • 4. UTXO - Bitcoin Transaction Model Address/Wallet Clustering
  • 5. Blockchain Attacks on Privacy ● Common-input-ownership heuristic ● Change address detection ● Address reuse - Payment Output ● Wallet fingerprinting (address formats, change order, number of inputs and outputs, miners fee, coin selection ● Round numbers (converted to fiat)
  • 6. Blockchain Attacks on Privacy ● Input amounts revealing sender wealth ● Forced address reuse ● Amount correlation ● Timing correlation ● Batching
  • 7. Non-Blockchain Attacks ● Custodial Wallets ● Wallet history retrieval from third-party (SPV, Electrum server, Blockchain explorer) ● Communication eavesdropping ● AML/KYC ● Digital forensics (addresses and ID on a hard drive)
  • 8. Improve Privacy ● Obtain Bitcoin anonymously (cash, earn, mine) ● Spend anonymously (hide ID, address, IP) ● Wallet history (full node, Wasabi, Tor, Electrum server) ● No address reuse (labels and do-not-spend forced address reuse attack) ● Coin Control (Labels)
  • 9. Improve Privacy ● Change avoidance ● Multiple change outputs ● CoinJoin (Wasabi) ● Off-chain (Lightning, Side chains) ● Wasabi, Samourai (DoJo), Liquid
  • 10. Chain Analysis ● Running nodes (up to 30%) ● Collect IP-addresses, cluster wallets ● Discover and profile addresses (exchanges, published, dark markets, ATMs, businesses) ● Deploy heuristics
  • 13. $5-Wrench Attack ● Don’t talk about your wealth ● Use multsig with keys in multiple locations ● Bear arms, hire guards, rely on police or army There are two ways to beat this attack: by hiding or by defending yourself. You can't be your own bank without bank-level security.
  • 14. Tips ● Backup your seed phrase ● Never Keep Coins on Exchanges ● Protect your addresses ● Learn about security ● Denis Serebryakov twitter.com/ThatCryptoTO