Maps for Solving the World’s Biggest Problems
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Guest lecture for the course SIO 110, Introduction to GIS and GPS for Scientists, taught by Prof. Bernard Minster, UC-San Diego, San Diego, CA. Also presented to GEOL 371, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems, taught by Prof. James Clark, Wheaton College, Wheaton, IL.
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Maps for Solving the World’s Biggest Problems
- 1. Dawn Wright, Ph.D. Esri Chief Scientist Maps for Solving the Worlds’ Biggest Problems SIO 110: Intro to GIS and GPS for Scientists Lesson 20 Winter Term, March 11, 2016
- 2. Maps for Solving the World’s Biggest Problems Helping to guide the science behind it and the science done with it. www.esri.com/about-esri
- 3. • Science at Esri • Societal Applications • New Areas for GIS • Opportunities for You
- 4. Societal drivers of science are key. How the Earth should LOOK. How we should look AT the Earth. Increasing fundamental scientific understanding Enabling stewardship of the environment Promoting economic vitality Protecting life and property How the Earth works. Esri View of Science esriurl.com/scicomm
- 5. How the Earth works…. How the Earth should look …. How we should look at the Earth…. Agricultural Science Hydrology Ecology Climate Science Geology/Geophysics Conservation Biology Sustainability Science /Geodesign Forestry Ocean Science Geographic Information Science / Computer Science
- 8. Recent Esri Contributions to Science Ecological Land Units Esri + USGS Scientific Python R – ArcGIS Community R-arcgis.github.io Group on Earth Observations MOU Improved Cloud Access to Imagery Esri + NASA, MRF+LERC Open Water Data Open Water Data Initiative Esri + USGS, CUAHSI, NOAA NWS, FEMA New Science Books Ecological Marine Units Esri + USGS, MCI, NOAA, NatureServe, WHOI, others Citizen Science
- 9. Land Cover Lithology Landform Bioclimate Example: Warm Wet Plains on Metamorphic Rock with Mostly Deciduous Forest 48,872 Combinations (Facets) 3,923 Unique Land Units/Colors www.aag.org/global_ecosystems esriurl.com/elu esriurl.com/ecotapestry esriurl.com/landscape Ecological Land Units
- 10. Ecological Marine Units Prototype
- 11. Ecological Marine Units Prototype
- 14. Esri Contributions to Science Ecological Land Units Esri + USGS Open Water Data Scientific Python R – ArcGIS Community Open Water Data Initiative Ecological Marine Units R-arcgis.github.io Esri + USGS, MCI, NOAA, NatureServe, others Citizen Science GEOSS MOU Improved Cloud Access to Imagery Esri + NASA, MRF+LERC Esri + USGS, CUAHSI, NOAA NWS, FEMA New Science Books
- 15. GIS as the Ultimate Integrator Opening Access and Engaging Everyone NetworkedSegmented Creating Shared Information and Facilitating Collaboration Shared Geographic UnderstandingStovepiped Data
- 16. For Applying Geography GIS Provides a Framework and Process Observational Science Modeling and Predicting Analysis and Interpretation Planning and Policy Decision Making Action Becoming Essential to Everything We Do . . .
- 17. Thanks to Carthage Smith of OECD, Heidi Laine of U. Helsinki, RDA Plenary 7 GIS as Part of “Open Science” Providing a Platform for Open and “Intelligent” Access Research Data, Materials Scientific Pubs Access for Scientists, Companies, the Public Digital Applications Source Code Re-Asserting Science as a Global Public Good
- 18. Industry Formats Open Standards Open Platform Ensuring Interoperability . . . Integrated into Thousands of Systems Open Software REST OPENDAP WMS WCS CSW GML WFS KML WMTS WPS SLD GeoPackage SOAP IFC LAS NetCDF SQL Extensible Architecture Open Source Integration Education Materials Open Source Contributions (300+) Embeddable Components Open APIs Open Data Access JSON Product Integration AutoCAD SAP HANA IBM Cognos Adobe Creative Cloud AWS Azure MS Office Imagery DBMSs DXF DWGCOLLADA OLEDB FileGDB AIXM WaterML CityGML INSPIRE OneGeology Hadoop DGN Web Scene (I3S) LERC Shapefiles
- 19. Open Source Solutions Delivering Innovation & Best Practices Public Safety and Emergency Management • No Cost • Easily Configurable • Fully Supported Hundreds of Ready-to-Use Maps & Apps Utilities Government Military and Security 500,000+ Downloads Open Source Solutions
- 20. Applications …Deeper into society than you may think
- 21. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Monarch Butterfly Habitat Conservation USFWS Conservation Reserve Program USDA Climate Change Scorecard Forest Services Calculating First Ice Freeze Monitoring Drought NOAA Fish Habitat Assessment USFWS Trust for Public Lands Green Infrastructure Planning Water Resource Restoration Arizona Commercial Fishing BOEM
- 22. Preparing for and Responding to Disasters Nepal Earthquake Response FEMA Vulnerable Populations Wildfire Damage Assessment Oregon Fire Alert System Global Forest Watch Red Cross Optimizing Humanitarian Resources Boston Storm Weather MEMA Snow Fall Coastal Flood Analysis New York City, New York Power Outage Idaho Modeling Floods Lake Champlain
- 23. GIS for Sustainable Development Access to Healthcare Renewable Energy Field Data Collection Demographics Access to Education Forest Management Urban Design | Smart Communities Water Management
- 25. SDG 4 – Health Access Analysis
- 26. New Areas for GIS … The Cutting Edge
- 27. • Faster, Easier & Everywhere • Web Scenes in Online & Server • Full KML Support 3D Visualization and Analysis Building Models Lidar Analysis Thematic Visualization Virtual Cities Rule-Based Models Analytics ArcGIS Earth 3D Cartography Virtual Globes
- 28. Advancing the Science of Geography Aggregation Hot Spots Charting Mode-Specific Routing Statistical Clustering Web BrowserDesktop InterpolationAnomaly Detection Living Atlas Integration New Raster Functions Bayesian Regression (EBK) Scientific Data Support Faster Geocoding (230+%) Location Allocation Buffer Spatial Analysis Providing Insights and Understanding Integrating Analysis Tools Data Exploration
- 29. Supporting Single Scenes . . . . . . and Massive Collections • Powerful Analysis Tools (100+) • Workflow Templates • Additional Sensor Support Imagery Integrated Capabilities for Management, Analysis, and Serving Oblique Imagery and Measurements Object-Based Image Analysis Dynamic Processing Chains Scientific Data Full-Motion Video UAV/Drone Support Drone2Map (NEW) Image Classification Accuracy Assessment
- 30. Providing Massively Parallel Processing . . . Creating New Insights Big Data GeoAnalytics and Visualization of Massive Data Raw Data Parallelized Analytics on Vector and Raster Data Aggregated Data Hot Spots Coming Later This Year…
- 31. Real-Time Integrating and Leveraging Dynamic Data • Monitoring, Analysis and Alerting • Stationary and Moving Events • Large and High-Velocity Data Streams Enabling Real-Time GIS Applications . . . . . . Powering Responsive Action Boston Marathon GeoEvent Server Integrating Sensor Networks and IoT Real Time Data
- 32. Over 1 Million Items, ~200 Tb of Data 160 M Map Requests by 1.6 M Users Per Day 4-5 B Map Tile Requests Per Month Online Content A Living Atlas of the World The Very Best of ArcGIS Online… Authoritative… Ready-to-Use Basemaps | Imagery | Demographics | Landscape Land Cover Elevation HIFLD Open A16 Layers NAIP Federal+Academic Content Landsat/GLDAS NOAA Statistics/Population Basemaps Images Tens of Thousands of Open Data Sets
- 34. Easy, Powerful, and Ready-to-Use Apps Making GIS Available Everywhere Public Story Maps Open Data Office ArcGIS EarthDashboardMaps for OfficeField Navigator Collector Survey123 Workforce Explorer InsightsDrone2Map Adobe Creative Cloud Crowdsourcing
- 35. Once upon a time…
- 36. “Stories are data with a soul, …persuasive and memorable.” – Nancy Baron, Director of Science Outreach, COMPASS
- 49. www.esri.com/about-esri At Esri, we believe people can do amazing things with applied geography. What We Do Why We Do ItWho We Are
- 52. esri.com/careers
- 53. Esri Young Professionals Network Learn latest tech trends, innovations. Connect to industry experts + peers. Expand personal networks. Gain leadership skills, experience. Retool, recharge, reinvent. www.esri.com/landing-pages/ypn
- 57. Best wishes to you in your work GIS can help you expand your impact…. But to realize its full impact GIS needs you and your generation. . . . . . Understanding, Learning, Collaborating, Innovating Dawn Wright Email: dwright@esri.com Twitter: @deepseadawn esriurl.com/scicomm
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Esri focuses on mapping and data for conservation, disaster aid and relief, climate change mitigation and adaptation, “geodesigning” land and ocean space use to more closely follow natural systems, protecting freshwater resources, in short, using maps and geographic analysis to make the world a better place.
- The mandate of the Esri Chief Scientist is to establish Esri as a bonafide member of the scientific community, not just a vendor of software. Mention scientific advisory board service to NOAA, EPA; collaborations with NASA, connections to ORNL through NSF-funded CyberGIS project
- There are many natural science domains in which GIS is being used effectively to understand how the Earth works. The above are areas that Esri is particularly strong in.
- This generalized scientific process shows one way of looking at a cycle for conducting (quantitative) research How and WHERE will climate change impact forest composition, coastal habitats, etc.? What factors most affect the SPREAD of infectious diseases and invasive species? How much will sea level change on a range of SPATIAL and TEMPORAL scales?
- How and WHERE will climate change impact forest composition, coastal habitats, etc.? What factors most affect the SPREAD of infectious diseases and invasive species? How much will sea level change on a range of SPATIAL and TEMPORAL scales?
- Clockwise from upper left (based on a slide presented at the FedGIS conference in Washington, DC, hence the call-outs to US federal government agencies): ELU – Ecological Land Units The Ecological Land Units (ELU) project is a collaboration between Esri and Dr. Roger Sayre of the USGS. It was officially launched last December at the ACES 2014: A Community on Ecosystem Services meeting in Washington, DC. For the ELU, we essentially undertook a massive biophysical stratification of the planet at a finest yet-attempted spatial resolution (250 m) to produce a first ever map of distinct physical environments and their associated land cover. We also offer a concept for delineating ecologically meaningful regions that is essentially both classification-neutral and data-driven. Our intent is to provide scientific support for planning and management (including as an important variable for GIS geodesign models and apps), and to enable understanding of impacts to ecosystems from climate change and other disturbances; hence for valuation of ecosystem SERVICES. In this way, we also offer fulfillment of one of the main recommendations of the White House PCAST report on sustainable environmental capital. EMU – Ecological Marine Units See next slides. Esri is collaborating with over 10 partners including the USGS, NOAA, and NatureServe, in developing a standardized, robust, and practical ecosystems classification and map for all the world’s oceans, completely in 3D. Officially commissioned by The Group on Earth Observations (GEO). Group on Earth Observations MOU One of the most comprehensive efforts in place to monitor the entire face of the Earth is a group of over 140 governments and leading international organizations (GEO) seeking to establish a fully functioning Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS). Esri is working with the National Research Council of Italy to integrate public scientific content from ArcGIS Online into the GEOSS data ecosystem, while encouraging the Esri GIS community to participate as contributors and users of GEOSS. Geoss.maps.arcgis.com Improved Cloud Access to Imagery: LERC/MRF Esri and NASA have collaborated to improve access to imagery and raster data stored in the cloud using a combination of two technologies, Meta Raster Format (MRF) and Limited Error Raster Compression (LERC). MRF is an Open raster format originally designed at the NASA JPL to optimize web access to rasters. LERC is a highly efficient algorithm that provides fast lossless and controlled lossy compression of image and raster data, and is especially suitable for geospatial applications. Esri was recently awarded a US Patent for LERC. LERC is integrated into NASA’s MRF support within GDAL (Geographic Data Abstraction Library), one of the most widely used open source projects in our industry. Esri’s LERC and its integration into MRF will enable our users to significantly reduce storage costs for enterprise image management solutions, and it will likely find its way into virtually every mapping/GIS application stack in use. http://www.esri.com/esri-news/releases/15-4qtr/esri-and-nasa-collaborate-to-advance-cloud-access-to-imagery https://blogs.esri.com/esri/arcgis/2015/12/16/storing-large-volumes-of-data-in-the-cloud/ Open Water Data Initiative Esri is both a participant and stakeholder in the Open Water Data Initiative, as well as a partner in the National Flood Interoperability Experiment, developing spatial data processing and visualization tools. These help Federal agencies make the data as useful and accessible as possible (e.g., for other Federal agencies, state and local govt, water mgmt. authorities, agriculture sector, insurance sector, investment sector, etc) R – ArcGIS Community R (aka the R Project for Statistical Computing) is the world’s fastest growing environment for statistical computing. We are working with ArcGIS and R users worldwide to develop a community to promote learning, sharing, and collaboration. This community will include a repository of free, open source, R scripts, geoprocessing tools, and tutorials. https://blogs.esri.com/esri/esri-insider/2015/07/20/building-a-bridge-to-the-r-community/ R-arcgis.github.io A whole suite of apps for Citizen Science – esriurl.com/citizens Scientific Python To further strengthen the link between GIS and science, we have fully integrated ArcGIS with SciPy, a Python-based ecosystem of open-source software for mathematics, science, and engineering. By integrating the ENTIRE STACK of SciPy modules with ArcGIS we have made developing scientific and technical geoprocessing tools and scripts easier and more efficient. https://blogs.esri.com/esri/esri-insider/2014/11/05/strengthening-the-link-between-gis-and-science/ Three New Science Books from Esri Press Features the peer-reviewed work of leading researchers and managers for advancing science through GIS, as well as how to incorporate spatial thinking and GIS technology into research design and analysis. esripress.esri.com esriurl.com/ocnsolns
- We found 48,872 unique combinations aggregated to 3923 ELUs. In 2015 106,959 unique combos thanks to the updated land forms and land cover, 2010 epoch, Global Land Cover, v. 1.4 Bioclimate, Landform, and Lithology = Drivers of Ecological Character (physical setting) Land Cover = Response to the Physical Setting Bioclimates - Global Environmental Stratification (GEnS), U. of Edinburgh - 50 year avg of temp/precip from met stations throughout world 30 arc sec raster, down-sampled to 250-m raster Landforms – USGS – 250-m raster, derived from GMTED2010 Surficial Lithology - Global Lithological Map (GLiM), Hamburg University, Vector Polygons converted to 250-m raster Land Cover - GlobCover, 2009, European Space Agency - MARIS satellite, 300 m rez resampled to 250 m Version 2 recently released in 2015 with updated land cover, 2010 epoch, Global Land Cover, v. 1.4 Only layer that we had an option: GlobCover 2009, GlobeLand30 or MDA’s NaturalVue GlobCover 2009 offered a richer, more flexible classification, which is compatible with USGS NLCD NaturalVue was too old. Both had significant quality issues relative to broad audience acceptance Today, there are more options. Globeland30 continues to be improved. MDA has produced BaseVue How did we make the map? Again, we define ecosystems as distinct physical environments and their associated vegetation, so we map ecosystems by first mapping, and then combining in a GIS, global bioclimates, global landforms, global geology, and global land cover. Characterize the principle ecological land components of the terrestrial surface of the earth in a micro-scale, bottom-up, hierarchical classification process. Subdivide the land surface of the earth into macro-scale physiographic (geomorphological) areas in a top-down, hierarchical regionalization process. Combine the physiographic regionalization process with the ecological classification process to develop a hierarchical, ecophysiographic segmentation of the planet. Weightings of 4 layers: 3, 3, 2, 1
- Exploring the clusters in 3D within ArcGIS Pro. (image from Dec 21, 2015)
- Exploring the clusters in 2D within EMU prototype Vertical Profile App, Temperature, Cluster 6 at top of water column NOTE THE DRAFT NAME for this cluster: Very Warm – Oxic – EuHaline (temp, DO, sal) ELU example was Warm Wet Plains on Metamorphic Rock with Mostly Deciduous Forest (bioclimate, land forms, lithology, land cover) http://chrismahlke.github.io/emu/ Username: emuuser Password:24clusters
- Notice that many of these projects include many collaborators
- Twitter reference: https://twitter.com/heidiklaine/status/704135333034590208 Providing an Open Platform for Collaboration and Innovation
- -------------------- Resources ----------------- 59_UrbanForestPathways.jpg: DC’s Urban Forestry Administrator’s arborists map out pathways to the trees they care for. Each arborist has a specific zone, but often cover a need in an adjacent area. 7433_1 USDA FSA: Rich interactive experience showing where voluntary conservation efforts have had an impact on local ecosystems through 30 years of the Conservation Reserve Program. 7432_2 New Orleans, TPL: Priority areas of infrastructure investment that may reduce risk of flooding from stormwater, reduce the urban heat island effect, and address vulnerability of at-risk residents. 80 BOEM: Federally managed commercial fishing revenue (modeled) between 2007-2012. The results of the modeled fishing revenue data are applied to offshore renewable energy planning. 7496_1 USFWS: Habitat Information Tracking System (HabITS) showing coastal and partner project accomplishments , as well as the alignment of these programs with the National Monarch Butterfly Conservation priorities. 87 USFS: Climate Change Performance Scorecard showing results from 2014 – 2015 in USDA Forest Service Regions. 7432_3: Arizona, TPL: Planned restoration water recharge project and surrounding land ownership information.
- -------------------- Resources -------------------- 91 MEMA: Winter Storm Jonas expected snowfall totals. 86 HSEMA: Winter Storm Jonas - DC-HSEMA ArcGIS Online snow event map, showing warming shelters, 311 snow calls for service, emergency snow routes and other critical facilities. 91 MEMA: Boston Storm, Feb. 4: Story Maps designed to monitor weather in Massachusetts. Images show pre-storm radar from NOAA, forecasted snowfall totals, and power outages immediately following the storm. 96 FEMA: Vulnerable population affected by East Coast flood event, Flood Journal for FEMA GeoSpatial Framework. 7457_1 USDA, 7447_2 Senator Wyden: Oregon - Wildfire acres burned and cost of suppression increased; Idaho – Wildfire acres burned and fire perimeters. 81 IAFC: Web App - International Association of Fire Chiefs Ready Set Go (RSG) members and 2015 wildfire perimeters provided by GeoMAC. Map provides a fire preparedness tool for RSG members. 106 Global Forest Watch: GFW Fires is a dynamic online forest monitoring and fire alert system that provides near-real time information that can empower people to better combat forest and land fires before they burn out of control. Active fires and wind patterns on September 25, 2015, during the peak of Indonesia's fire season. 77 NGA: Nepal Earthquake Support Map Product.
- Regarding SDG goal 2 on Zero Hunger, according to the World Health Organization, moderate malnutrition is defined as a weight-for-age between -3 and -2 z-scores below the median of the WHO child growth standards. It can be due to a low weight-for-height (wasting) or a low height-for-age (stunting) or to a combination of both.
- We may get maps, we very often don't get graphs, but we are absolutely hardwired to understand stories. As such, scientists MUST tell their STORY and th the importance of story Every single scientific success is perfect fodder for a narrative structure “People are moved by emotion. The best way to emotionally connect other people to our agenda begins with “Once upon a time…” Science backs up the long-held belief that story is the most powerful means of communicating a message. Over the last several decades psychology has begun a serious study of how story affects the human mind. Results repeatedly show that our attitudes, fears, hopes, and values are strongly influenced by story. In fact, fiction seems to be more effective at changing beliefs than writing that is specifically designed to persuade through argument and evidence.” http://www.fastcocreate.com/1680581/why-storytelling-is-the-ultimate-weapon Scientists are often encouraged not to publish their work until it constitutes a complete story. Why not combine BOTH, especially to take advantage of the power of maps and geography to educate, inform, and inspire people to action as well? The story map is about using maps in new and innovative ways to get people excited and involved in the world. Thanks to continuing changes in the Internet, cloud computing, mobile and tablet platforms, and to constant improvements in the software itself, we can now put the power of GIS into the hands of managers, CEOs, reporters, school kids—even policy makers.
- “STORIES ARE STICKY” “People are moved by emotion. The best way to emotionally connect other people to our agenda begins with “Once upon a time…” Science backs up the long-held belief that story is the most powerful means of communicating a message. Over the last several decades psychology has begun a serious study of how story affects the human mind. Results repeatedly show that our attitudes, fears, hopes, and values are strongly influenced by story. In fact, fiction seems to be more effective at changing beliefs than writing that is specifically designed to persuade through argument and evidence.” http://www.fastcocreate.com/1680581/why-storytelling-is-the-ultimate-weapon Scientists are often encouraged not to publish their work until it constitutes a complete story. Why not combine BOTH, especially to take advantage of the power of maps and geography to educate, inform, and inspire people to action as well? The story map is about using maps in new and innovative ways to get people excited and involved in the world. Thanks to continuing changes in the Internet, cloud computing, mobile and tablet platforms, and to constant improvements in the software itself, we can now put the power of GIS into the hands of managers, CEOs, reporters, school kids—even policy makers.
- Danish Sargasso Sea Story Map Technical University of Denmark’s (DTU) research vessel Dana was on an expedition in the Sargasso Sea in March and April 2014 to examine the role of climate-induced changes in spawning zones in the sole violent decline in Europe.
- Story map is a new medium for bringing your data alive in interactive map form along with narrative text, images, videos, and other multimedia content to further engage and inspire your audience Many GMT users are familiar with the Haxby colors of Bill Haxby of Lamont; Esri’s chief cartographer has developed a new color ramp for seafloor geomorphology of Harris et al. Harris, P. T., M. Macmillan-Lawler, J. Rupp, and E. K. Baker. 2014. Geomorphology of the oceans. Mar. Geol. 352:4-24.
- Narrative text with links to further resources as well as to the original data, thoroughly documented with metadata, links to the original journal article where appropriate, etc. Data from Davies, A. J., and J. M. Guinotte. 2011. Global Habitat Suitability for Framework-Forming Cold-Water Corals. PLoS ONE 6:e18483.
- Data from Davies, A. J., and J. M. Guinotte. 2011. Global Habitat Suitability for Framework-Forming Cold-Water Corals. PLoS ONE 6:e18483.
- See also this GREAT blog post: 9 Nine Things You Didn’t Know You Could do with Story Maps https://blogs.esri.com/esri/arcgis/2016/02/16/story-maps-9-things/ As well as Speaking the Language of Spatial Analysis via Story Maps esriurl.com/analyticalstories
- At Esri, we believe people can do amazing things with applied geography. Things like protecting natural resources, eradicating disease, growing or starting businesses, and keeping communities safe and informed. Our mapping technology platform is called ArcGIS. It is designed to give you the power to meld data with maps so you can visualize and analyze your world. ArcGIS helps you find meaning in your data and make smarter decisions.
- http://www.esri.com/careers/main/student-jobs