automation (based on plc & scada)

1. Automation
PLC & SCADA

2. Title and Content Layout with List
 What is Automation
 Impact of Automation
 Automation History
 Type of Automation
 Introduction of PLC
 Type of PLC
 Introduction of SCADA

3. What is Automation
 Automation is the use of scientific and technological principles in
the manufacture of machines that take over work normally done by
humans.
 Automation plays an increasingly important role in the global
economy and in daily experience.

4. Impact of Automation
 It speeds up the developmental processes of the society.
 It increases production.
 Brings further technological changes like information technology.
 Extreme industrialization
 Replacement of human labor with machines.
 Makes life dependent on latest gadgets and equipments
In general, automation is responsible for the shift in the world economy.

5. Automation History
Manual Control
Pneumatic
Control
Hard wired logic
Control
Electronic Control
using Logic Gates
Programmable Logic
Controller

6. Types of Automation
Types of Automation Applications
1.Home Automation Air Conditioner, Geyser, Washing
machine etc.
2.Office Automation FAX, Printers etc.
3.Building Automation Automatic Car Parking, Elevator etc.
4.Industrial Automation Automation in whole plant.

7. Home Automation

8. Office Automation

9. Building Automation

10. Industrial Automation

11. Different types of automation tools exist
are:
 ANN - Artificial neural network
 DCS - Distributed Control System
 HMI - Human Machine Interface
 SCADA - Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
 PLC - Programmable Logic Controller
 Robotics

12. Basic Components Of Automation
 Field Sensors
 Junction Box
 Control Hardware and Control System
 SCADA

13. Field Sensors
 Sense the parameter and send the analog & digital signal to the control hardware
Process Variables Sensors
Temperature RTD, Thermocouple, Thermistor
Pressure Borden Tube, Bellows, Strain Gauge
Flow Pitot Tube
Displacement LVDT, RVDT

14. Control Hardware
Control hardware consist of different types of controllers
which are as follows:
 Proportional Integral Derivative Controller (PID)
CNC
PC Based
PLC
DCS

15. Application of Automation
Power generation hydro, coal, gas, oil, shale, nuclear, wind, solar
Transmission electricity, gas, oil
Distribution electricity, water
Process paper, food, pharmaceutical,
metal production and processing, glass, cement,
chemical, refinery, oil & gas
Manufacturing computer aided manufacturing (CIM)
flexible fabrication, appliances, automotive, aircrafts
Storage
silos, elevator, harbor, retail houses,
deposits, luggage handling
Building heat, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC)
access control, fire, energy supply, tunnels,
parking lots, highways,....
Transportation rolling stock, street cars, sub-urban trains,

16. Power Plants
Thermal power plant Hydro power plant Wind power plant
Nuclear power
plant Solar power
plant

17. examples

19. Introduction of PLC
 A PLC (i.e. Programmable Logic Controller) is a device that was
invented to replace the necessary sequential relay circuits for
machine control.
 The PLC works by looking at its inputs and depending upon their
state, turning on/off its outputs

20. Basic Components of PLC
PG/PC
CPU
Output
Module
Power
Supply
Input
Module

21. Input Modules
 Act as interface between real-time status of process variable and the
CPU.
Analog input module:
 RTD (Ohm)
 Thermocouple (mV)
Digital input module:
 Switches
 Pushbuttons
 Relays

23. Output Modules
• Act as link between the CPU and the output devices in the field.
Analog output module :
 Control Valve
 Motor
Digital output module :
 Solenoid Valves
 lamps

24. Power Supply
• Converts the incoming voltage to a useable form for the internal
electronics
• Protects the PLC ‘s components from voltage spikes
• Operates either on 120VAC/ 240 VAC/ 24VDC
• Isolation transformer - take care of shielding from Drives, ensure
proper earthing.

25. Programming Interface
• Personal Computer
– Run PLC Programming Software
– It creates, edits, document, store and troubleshoot ladder diagrams, and
generates printed reports.
• Hand Held Programmer
– Mainly a troubleshooting tool.
– On factory floor you can modify, store and transfer the program to
multiple machines.
These products communicate with the PLC through a RS232

26. PLC Programming Standards
The open, manufacturer-independent programming standard for automation is
IEC 61131-3. You can thus choose what configuration interface you wish to use when
writing your application :
 Ladder Diagram
 Statement List
 Instruction List
 Function Block Diagram
 Sequential Function Chart
 Structured Text

27. Ladder Logic
 Represents how electrical current flows through the devices to
complete an electrical circuit
 Each electrical circuit in the diagram is considered a rung having
two components
L1 L2
PB1 Stop PB2
Motor
Start
M1 M1
Power
Bus
Power
Bus
Auxiliary
Holding Contact
Rung

28. TOOLS FOR LADDER
PROGRAMMING
 Bit Instructions
 Timers
 Counters
 Compare Block
 Mathematical Operators

29. BITS
 Input NC Bit
 Input NO Bit
 Output Bit
 Binary Latch Bit
 Binary Unlatch Bit
 OSR Bit

30. Ladder Logic Instructions
 The three most common instructions in ladder logic are:

31. Simple Relay Circuit

32. Circuit representation in Ladder Logic
 The above circuit is represented in Ladder logic as shown in figure
below (only the low voltage circuit is used in ladder logic diagrams):

33. Timer

34. Counter

35. IF input 4 OR input 5 have power
THEN energize output 0
I/4
I/5
I/4
| |
I/5
| |
O/0
O/0
( )
Logical Continuity
F
T
On
| |
| |
( )
Logical Continuity
T
F
On
Logical OR Construction

36. IF input 4 AND input 5 have power
THEN energize output 0
I/4
| |
I/5
| |
O/0
( )
T T T
Logical Continuity
On
Logical AND Construction

37. Advantages of PLCs
 Reduced space
 Energy saving
 Ease of maintenance
 Economical
 Greater life & reliability
 Shorter project time
 Easier storage, archiving and documentation

38. SCADA
(SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION)

39. What is meant by Data Acquisition
 DA refers to the method used to access and control information or
data from the equipment being controlled and monitored.
 The Data accessed are then forwarded onto a telemetry system
ready for being transferred to the different sites.
 Data accessed can be analog and digital information gathered by
sensors,
 Flow-meter, Encoders or Current transformers
 It also can be Control Actions for,
 Actuators, Relays, Valves, Motors, etc

40. Why SCADA?
 Previously without SCADA software, an industrial process was entirely
controlled by PLC, CNC , PID & micro controllers having programmed in
certain languages or codes.
 These codes were either written in assembly language or relay logic
without any true animation that would explain the process running.
 It is always easy to understand the status of the process if it is shown with
some animations rather then written codes.
 Hence SCADA software came to existence and with some exclusive
features it became internal part of automation system

41. Features of typical SCADA
software
 Dynamic process graphic
 Real-time and Historical trending
 Alarms
 Recipe Management
 Security
 Device connectivity
 Script for logic development
 Database connectivity

42. Dynamic Process Graphics

43. Real-time & Historical Trends

44. Alarms
 Every plant needs proper monitoring and control of the process
parameters.
 Alarms represent warnings of process conditions that could cause
problems, and require an operator response

45. Recipe Management
 The recipe management is facility used for maintain various recipes
of different products and implement it on the process.
 The recipe can be stored in a single server and it can be fetched by
any client server from any area to run the process.

46. Security
 Every SCADA software has various levels of security for securing
the application by avoiding unauthorized access.

47. DIFFERENT USES OF SCADA SYSTEMS:
Mass transit: regulate electricity to subways, trams and trolley buses; to automate
traffic signals for rail systems; to track and locate trains and buses; and to control
railroad crossing gates.
Manufacturing: manage parts inventories for just-in-time manufacturing, regulate
industrial automation and robots, and monitor process and quality control.

48. DIFFERENT USES OF SCADA SYSTEMS(CONTD.):
Electric power generation, transmission and distribution: Electric utilities detect current flow
and line voltage, to monitor the operation of circuit breakers, and to take sections of the
power grid online or offline.
Buildings, facilities and environments: Facility managers use SCADA to control HVAC,
refrigeration units, lighting and entry systems.

50. thank you