Effective teaching

TEACHING EFFECTIVELY
Prof. Ramakanta Mohalik
Regional Institute of Education, Bhubaneswar
India

Points to be Discussed
• Concept and nature of Teaching
• Basic Teaching Skills
• Introduction Skills
• Presentation Skills
• Evaluation Skills
9/21/2020 Prof. Ramakanta Mohalik, RIE (NCERT), Bhubaneswar, India.

Concept of Teaching
• Interaction between teacher, students and
subject matter.
• Teaching is causing to learn
• It involves selecting and orchestrating those
teaching behaviors that are appropriate to the
context and the teachers goal.

Principles of Teaching
• Three phage: Pre-active, Interactive and
Post-active.
• Teaching should be pre-planned
• Teaching should be based on students
• Teaching should be participatory and
interactive
• It should provide variety of learning
experience.

Requirements for Effective Teaching
• L Shulman (1987) has identified seven elements that a
good teacher should know
• -Academic Subject
• -General Teaching Strategy: Questioning, Using
Blackboard, Managing Class etc
• -Curriculum Material and Programmes

Requirements for Effective Teaching
• Subject Specific Knowledge: Special way to teach a particular
topic/group of students etc
• Characteristics and cultural background of learner
• Setting in which students learn-Pairs, small groups, teams,
class
• Goals and Purpose of teaching

Introducing Lesson
• The first 3-5 minutes activity is for
introducing the topic.
It is required to Test previous
knowledge, Develop
interest/motivation, Seek attention,
Relate present topic to past and Make
students ready to learn.

Means of Introducing Topics:
• Stating the Goals of Lesson,
• Stating Major points to be covered,
• Using Historical Material,
• Using an Analogous situation,
• Reviewing requisite knowledge,
• Giving reason for studying the topic,
• and presenting problem situation.

Techniques:
• Questioning,
• Demonstration,
• Experiment
• Story Telling
• Role Play

Presentation Skills
• Explaining
• Questioning
• Lecturing
• Black/White board writing
• Stimulus variation
• Classroom Management
• Reinforcement
• Teaching aids

Skill of Explaining
• The main purpose is to make students
understand the concept/principles.
• It is going deep into the matter with
suitable example, logically organised,
using non-verbal gestures and cues.
• Explanation is of three types:
Interpretative (what) , Descriptive
(how) and Reason giving (why)

Features of Good Explanation
• Related to topic
• Interesting and participatory
• Involve appropriate pause
• Write key points on BB
• Personal or friendly reference to students
• Involve task oriented
• Involve signpost
• Explaining links
• Beginning and concluding statement
• Involve summary and conclusion

Preparing good explanation
• Decide what to explain
• Find out hidden variable/ words and its relationship
• State the Key points: definition, examples
• State the major limitations
• Summaries main points

Skill of Lecturing
• It is oral method of giving information, generating
understanding and creating interest.
• A lecture is a set of key points with associated
examples, illustrations, elaborations and
qualification

Steps of preparing lecture
• Deciding topics/subsequent questions
• Write down anything coming to your mind
relating to topics/questions-free association
• Read and write down relevant text from
books
• Organise on line of questions
• Write down lecture on note form: with
indication of section, examples, key points

Skill of Chalk Board writing
• Legibility of Hand writing: Every letter
should be distinct, Spacing between
letters, Size of the Letter and Thickness
of line
• Neatness of Board: Write in parallel to
the base of the board, Do not overwrite
and Write relevant matters
• Appropriateness of Board work:
Continuity in writing, Draw attention and9/21/2020 Prof. Ramakanta Mohalik, RIE (NCERT), Bhubaneswar, India.

Skill of Stimulus Variation
• The main purpose is to secure and sustain attention of students
through out the class.
• Movement
• Gesture
• Speech pattern
• Focusing
• Changing interaction style
• Pausing
• Oral-visual switching9/21/2020 Prof. Ramakanta Mohalik, RIE (NCERT), Bhubaneswar, India.

Skill of Classroom Management
• Good classroom management is key to effective
teaching
• Verbal Techniques: Questioning, Appealing to
students, Humor
• Non-Verbal: Proximity, Pause, Eye contact,
Ignorance

Skill of Reinforcement
• The purpose of reinforcement is enhance
performance of students.
• Positive reinforcement: Saying Good/Excellent,
Head nodding
• Negative reinforcement: Say Bad, Not correct,
With drawing benefit

Skill of using teaching aids
• Teaching aids helps teacher to teach effectively
and students to understand easily.
• Visual-Poster, Photo, Model etc
• Audio-Radio/Tape recorder
• Audio-Visual-TV, Computer

It Consists of
• Development of Teaching Aid
• Using Teaching Aid
• Storing Teaching Aid
• Use of Multimedia projector, Slide Projector,
Net Working etc

Skill of Evaluation
• The main purpose of evaluation is to enhance quality of
learning by giving feed back to both teacher and students.
• Evaluation can be done along with teaching (Formative) and at
end of teaching (Summative).
• Evaluation can be both oral and written

Skill of Questioning
• Questioning has three Elements: Structuring Question,
Delivery and Distribution of Question and Managing Students
Response.
• Structuring Question: Relevant to topic, Grammatically
correct, avoid is/are question, ask WH questions,
• Delivery and Distribution of Questions: Speed, Audibility,
Pause, All parts of the classroom, Volunteer and Non-Volunteer

Managing Students Response:
• No/Wrong/ Partially correct response: Hints/clue
• Correct but poorly structure/ inappropriate
language: Redirect
• Correct Response: Redirect/Critical awareness

Conclusion
• All these skills helps a teacher to systematise teaching, in turn
it helps students to understand easily and teacher to teach
effectively.
• Besides this, teacher should develop skill in using group
methods such as cooperative learning, peer learning, self
learning, project learning.

THANKS VERY MUCH
• THANKS VERY MUCH

Effective teaching

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