Key terms to support my keynote for the VI Fórum of Transformative Learning, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie 24.01.2023 Google translate into Portuguese Keynote to be uploaded

1. Glossary of Computing Terms: Professor Debbie Holley and Dr Anthony Basiel
Term Meaning Source Academic Reference Google Translation
Artificial
Intellige
nce
AI - The subfield of computer science
concerned with the
concepts and methods of symbolic
inference by computer and
symbolic knowledge
representation for use in making inferen
ces.
AI can be seen as an attempt to model
aspects of human thought on
computers. It is also sometimes defined
as trying to solve by computer any
problem that a human can solve faster.
The term was coined by Stanford
Professor John McCarthy, a leading AI
researcher.
Examples of AI problems are computer
vision (building a system that can
understand images as well as a human)
and natural language
processing (building a system that can
understand and speak a
human language as well as a human).
These may appear to be modular, but
https://www.computer-
dictionary-
online.org/definitions-
a/artificial-
intelligence.html
https://eprints.ugd.edu.mk/id/eprint/28047
This report proposes an operational
definition of artificial intelligence to be
adopted in the context of AI Watch, the
Commission knowledge service to monitor
the development, uptake and impact of
artificial intelligence for Europe. The
definition, which will be used as a basis for
the AI Watch monitoring activity, is
established by means of a flexible
scientific methodology that allows regular
revision. The operational definition is
constituted by a concise taxonomy and a
list of keywords that characterise the core
domains of the AI research field, and
transversal topics such as applications of
the former or ethical and philosophical
considerations, in line with the wider
monitoring objective of AI Watch. The AI
taxonomy is designed to inform the AI
landscape analysis and will expectedly
detect AI applications in neighbour
technological domains such as robotics (in
a broader sense), neuroscience or internet
of things. The starting point to develop the
operational definition is the definition of AI
IA: el subcampo de las ciencias de la
computación que se ocupa de los
conceptos y métodos de inferencia
simbólica por computadora y la
representación del conocimiento
simbólico para su uso al hacer
inferencias. La IA puede verse como
un intento de modelar aspectos del
pensamiento humano en las
computadoras. A veces también se
define como tratar de resolver por
computadora cualquier problema que
un humano pueda resolver más
rápido. El término fue acuñado por el
profesor de Stanford John McCarthy,
un destacado investigador de IA.
Ejemplos de problemas de IA son la
visión por computadora (construir un
sistema que pueda entender
imágenes tan bien como un ser
humano) y el procesamiento del
lenguaje natural (construir un sistema
que pueda entender y hablar un
lenguaje humano tan bien como un
ser humano). Estos pueden parecer
modulares, pero todos los intentos
hasta ahora (1993) para resolverlos
se han basado en la cantidad de
información de contexto e
"inteligencia" que parecen requerir.

2. all attempts so far (1993) to solve them
have foundered on the amount
of context information and "intelligence"
they seem to require.
adopted by the High Level Expert Group
on artificial intelligence. To derive this
operational definition we have followed a
mixed methodology. On one hand, we
apply natural language processing
methods to a large set of AI literature. On
the other hand, we carry out a qualitative
analysis on 55 key documents including
artificial intelligence definitions from three
complementary perspectives: policy,
research and industry. A valuable
contribution of this work is the collection of
definitions developed between 1955 and
2019, and the summarisation of the main
features of the concept of artificial
intelligence as reflected in the relevant
literature.
Augmen
ted
reality
Augmented reality (AR) is an enhanced
version of the real physical world that is
achieved through the use of digital
visual elements, sound, or other
sensory stimuli and delivered via
technology.
https://www.investopedi
a.com/terms/a/augment
ed-reality.asp
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a
rticle/pii/S1876139918302688#tbl2
“A type of virtual reality in which
synthetic stimuli are superimposed on
real-world objects usually to make
information that is otherwise
imperceptible to human senses
perceptible”
A technology that overlays digital
computer-generated information on
objects or places in the real world for the
purpose of enhancing the user
experience (DoD, 2018).
The combination of reality and overlay of
digital information designed to enhance
the learning process.
La realidad aumentada (AR) es una
versión mejorada del mundo físico
real que se logra mediante el uso de
elementos visuales digitales, sonido
u otros estímulos sensoriales y se
entrega a través de la tecnología.

3. A spectrum of mixed reality simulation
that is part way between the real world
and the virtual world (p. 206).
“A form of virtual reality that includes
head-mounted displays, overlays of
computer screens, wearable computers,
or displays projected onto humans and
manikins” (p.4).
[A technology which] supplements the
real world with virtual (computer-
generated) objects that appear to
coexist in the same space as the real
world. While many researchers broaden
the definition of AR beyond this vision,
we define an AR system to have the
following properties: combines real and
virtual objects in a real environment;
runs interactively, and in real time; and
registers (aligns) real and virtual objects
with each other.” (p.34).
Avatar
(in
Comput
ing)
an icon or figure representing a
particular person in a video game,
internet forum, etc.
"conversation is depicted in a balloon
over the avatar's head"
https://languages.oup.co
m/google-dictionary-en/
https://jvwr-ojs-
utexas.tdl.org/jvwr/article/view/283/237
An avatar is any digital
representation (graphical or textual),
beyond a simple label or name, that
has agency (an ability to perform
actions) and is controlled by a
human agent in real time.
un icono o figura que representa a
una persona en particular en un
videojuego, foro de Internet, etc.
"la conversación se representa en un
globo sobre la cabeza del avatar"
Blockch
ain
* a blockchain is like a digital ledger
that keeps track of every transaction
made with a coin. Also, tell them that a
private key is like a password that
allows you to access your funds.
** a system in which a record of
transactions, especially those made in
*
https://indianexpress.co
m/article/technology/cry
pto/how-to-introduce-
cryptocurrency-to-
parents-a-step-by-step-
guide-8148671/
https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.03750
A blockchain is designed specifically to
guarantee full memory of all transactions
open to any anonymous user to enable
the distributed validation of transactions
avoiding trusted intermediaries. But the
blockchain alone is meaningless without
* una cadena de bloques es como un
libro de contabilidad digital que
realiza un seguimiento de cada
transacción realizada con una
moneda. Además, dígales que una
clave privada es como una
contraseña que le permite acceder a
sus fondos.

4. a cryptocurrency, is maintained across
computers that are linked in a peer-to-
peer network.
"we can actually have a look at
the blockchain and see
evidence of what's going on"
*** a system of recording information in
a way that makes it difficult or
impossible to change, hack, or cheat
the system. A blockchain is essentially a
digital ledger of transactions that is
duplicated and distributed across the
entire network of computer systems on
the blockchain.
**
https://languages.oup.co
m/google-dictionary-en/
***
https://www.euromoney.
com/learning/blockchain
-explained/what-is-
blockchain
a mechanism that safeguard the
historical records of transactions from
tampering attacks, this is why a
STRONG DISTRIBUTED CONSENSUS
PROTOCOL becomes essential.
** un sistema en el que se mantiene
un registro de transacciones,
especialmente aquellas realizadas en
una criptomoneda, a través de
computadoras que están vinculadas
en una red de igual a igual.
"Podemos realmente echar un
vistazo a la cadena de bloques y ver
evidencia de lo que está pasando"
*** un sistema de registro de
información de una manera que hace
que sea difícil o imposible cambiar,
piratear o engañar al sistema. Una
cadena de bloques es esencialmente
un libro de contabilidad digital de
transacciones que se duplica y
distribuye en toda la red de sistemas
informáticos de la cadena de
bloques.
Cyber
privacy
covers the amount of online security
available for personal and financial
data, communications, and preferences.
Internet users often attempt to increase
online privacy through anti-virus
software, strong password choices,
turning off tracking, reviewing site
security, and opting for stricter privacy
settings.
https://www.winston.co
m/en/legal-
glossary/online-
privacy.html#:~:text=It%
20covers%20the%20am
ount%20of,opting%20for
%20stricter%20privacy
%20settings.
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/d
ocument/8029333
Security definitions such as semantic
security do not by themselves
guarantee privacy; the inferences
that can be made by combining the
results obtained at the end of the
protocol execution with any
additional knowledge that an
attacker may possess could result in
privacy breaches. To address this
challenge, we need a sensitive
information inference-based
framework as the foundation for
measuring privacy. Although there
are attempts at coming up with a
privacy solution/definition that can
address different scenarios, we
believe that there is no “one size fits
all” solution for data privacy for many
application settings. Instead, multiple
cubre la cantidad de seguridad en
línea disponible para datos
personales y financieros,
comunicaciones y preferencias. Los
usuarios de Internet a menudo
intentan aumentar la privacidad en
línea a través de software antivirus,
opciones de contraseña seguras,
desactivando el seguimiento,
revisando la seguridad del sitio y
optando por configuraciones de
privacidad más estrictas.

5. dimensions need to be tailored for
different application domains to
achieve practical solutions. As we
discussed above, different domains
require different definitions of data
utility. Second, we need to
understand the right values for
privacy metrics. For example, ε=1
could be considered an appropriate
risk for differentially private data
mining models. Finally, the
computational, storage and
communication costs of given
protocols need to be considered.
These costs could be especially
significant for privacy-preserving
protocols that involve cryptography.
Cyber
worlds
The world of intercomputer
communication. (countable, computing)
A real or virtual world of information in
cyberspace.
https://en.wiktionary.org/
wiki/cyberworld#:~:text=
Noun,world%20of%20inf
ormation%20in%20cybe
rspace.
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/d
ocument/9480910
Example of a cyber world
El mundo de la comunicación
intercomputadora. (contable,
informática) Un mundo real o virtual
de información en el ciberespacio.
Cyberse
curity
protection against
unauthorized access to, or alteration
of, information and system resources
including
CPUs, storage devices and programs.
https://www.computer-
dictionary-
online.org/definitions-
s/security.html
https://www.timreview.ca/article/835
1. “Cybersecurity consists largely of
defensive methods used to detect
and thwart would-be intruders.”
(Kemmerer, 2003)
protección contra el acceso no
autorizado o la alteración de la
información y los recursos del
sistema, incluidas las CPU, los
dispositivos de almacenamiento y los
programas.
La seguridad incluye:

6. Security includes:
* confidentiality - preventing
unauthorized access; integrity -
preventing or detecting unauthorized
modification of information.
* authentication - determining whether
a user is who they claim to be.
* access control - ensuring that
users can access the resources, and
only the resources, that they are
authorised to.
* nonrepudiation - proof that
a message came from a certain source.
* availability - ensuring that a system is
operational and accessible to
authorised users despite hardware or
software failures or attack.
* privacy - allowing people to know and
control how information is collected
about them and how it is used.
Security can also be considered in the
following terms:
* physical security - who can touch the
system to operate or modify it,
protection against the
physical environment -
heat, earthquake, etc.
2. “Cybersecurity entails the
safeguarding of computer networks
and the information they contain
from penetration and from malicious
damage or disruption.” (Lewis,
2006)
3. “Cyber Security involves reducing
the risk of malicious attack to
software, computers and networks.
This includes tools used to detect
break-ins, stop viruses, block
malicious access, enforce
authentication, enable encrypted
communications, and on and on.”
(Amoroso, 2006)
4. “Cybersecurity is the collection of
tools, policies, security concepts,
security safeguards, guidelines, risk
management approaches, actions,
training, best practices, assurance
and technologies that can be used
to protect the cyber environment
and organization and user's assets.”
(ITU, 2009)
5. “The ability to protect or defend the
use of cyberspace from cyber-
attacks.” (CNSS, 2010)
6. “The body of technologies,
processes, practices and response
and mitigation measures designed
to protect networks, computers,
programs and data from attack,
damage or unauthorized access so
as to ensure confidentiality, integrity
and availability.” (Public Safety
Canada, 2014)
7. “The art of ensuring the existence
and continuity of the information
society of a nation, guaranteeing
* confidencialidad: prevención del
acceso no autorizado; integridad:
prevenir o detectar la modificación no
autorizada de la información.
* autenticación: determinar si un
usuario es quien dice ser.
* control de acceso: garantizar que
los usuarios puedan acceder a los
recursos, y solo a los recursos, para
los que están autorizados.
* no repudio - prueba de que un
mensaje proviene de una
determinada fuente.
* disponibilidad: garantizar que un
sistema esté operativo y accesible
para los usuarios autorizados a pesar
de las fallas o ataques de hardware o
software.
* privacidad: permitir que las
personas sepan y controlen cómo se
recopila la información sobre ellos y
cómo se utiliza.
La seguridad también puede
considerarse en los siguientes
términos:
* seguridad física - quién puede tocar
el sistema para operarlo o
modificarlo, protección contra el
entorno físico - calor, terremoto, etc.
* seguridad operativa/procesal: quién
está autorizado para hacer o es
responsable de hacer qué y cuándo,
quién puede autorizar a otros a hacer
qué y quién tiene que informar qué a
quién.
* personal de seguridad: contratación
de empleados, verificación de
antecedentes, capacitación, sesiones
informativas de seguridad,
seguimiento y manejo de salidas.
* Seguridad del sistema: controles de
autenticación y acceso de usuarios,
asignación de privilegios,
mantenimiento de la integridad de
archivos y sistemas de archivos,
copias de seguridad, procesos de
supervisión, mantenimiento de
registros y auditoría.

7. * operational/procedural security - who
is authorised to do or
responsible for doing what and when,
who can authorise others to do what
and who has to report what to who.
* personnel security - hiring
employees, background screening,
training, security briefings, monitoring
and handling departures.
* System security - User access and
authentication controls, assignment of
privilege, maintaining file and filesystem
integrity, backup,
monitoring processes, log-keeping, and
auditing.
* network security - protecting network
and telecommunications equipment,
protecting network servers and
transmissions, combatting
eavesdropping, controlling access from
untrusted networks, firewalls, and
intrusion detection.
Encryption is one important technique
used to improve data security.
OWASP is
the free and open application security
community.
and protecting, in Cyberspace, its
information, assets and critical
infrastructure.” (Canongia &
Mandarino, 2014)
8. “The state of being protected
against the criminal or unauthorized
use of electronic data, or the
measures taken to achieve this.”
(Oxford University Press, 2014)
9. “The activity or process, ability or
capability, or state whereby
information and communications
systems and the information
contained therein are protected from
and/or defended against damage,
unauthorized use or modification, or
exploitation.” (DHS, 2014)
* seguridad de red: protección de
equipos de red y telecomunicaciones,
protección de servidores y
transmisiones de red, lucha contra
las escuchas ilegales, control de
acceso desde redes no confiables,
firewalls y detección de intrusos.
El cifrado es una técnica importante
utilizada para mejorar la seguridad de
los datos.
OWASP es la comunidad de
seguridad de aplicaciones gratuita y
abierta.
Extende
d reality
XR is an emerging umbrella term for all
the immersive technologies. The ones
we already have today—augmented
reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and
mixed reality (MR) plus those that are
still to be created. All immersive
https://www.forbes.com/
sites/bernardmarr/2019/
08/12/what-is-extended-
reality-technology-a-
simple-explanation-for-
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-
5309/12/12/2169
XR is an umbrella term that refers to all
types of real and virtual combined
environments. VR, AR, and MR are
different modalities with different
XR es un término general emergente
para todas las tecnologías
inmersivas. Los que ya tenemos hoy:
realidad aumentada (AR), realidad
virtual (VR) y realidad mixta (MR),
además de los que aún no se han
creado. Todas las tecnologías

8. technologies extend the reality we
experience by either blending the virtual
and “real” worlds or by creating a fully
immersive experience.
anyone/?sh=77da0a9f7
249
characteristics, but it is difficult for non-
experts to distinguish them clearly
because their definitions are often
inconsistent and used interchangeably.
inmersivas amplían la realidad que
experimentamos ya sea combinando
los mundos virtual y “real” o creando
una experiencia totalmente
inmersiva.
Internet
of
things
the interconnection via the internet of
computing devices embedded in
everyday objects, enabling them to
send and receive data.
"if one thing can prevent the
internet of things from
transforming the way we live
and work, it will be a breakdown
in security"
https://languages.oup.co
m/google-dictionary-en/
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/d
ocument/7373221 Sensor(s) and/or
actuator(s) carrying out a specific
function and that are able to
communicate with other equipment.
It is part of an infrastructure allowing
the transport, storage, processing
and access to the generated data by
users or other systems. IoT is a
group of infrastructures
interconnecting connected objects
and allowing their management, data
mining and the access to the data
they generate.
la interconexión a través de Internet
de dispositivos informáticos
integrados en objetos cotidianos, lo
que les permite enviar y recibir datos.
"Si algo puede evitar que el internet
de las cosas transforme la forma en
que vivimos y trabajamos, será una
falla en la seguridad"
Metaver
se
“the metaverse” can include virtual
reality—characterized by persistent
virtual worlds that continue to exist
even when you're not playing—as well
as augmented reality that combines
aspects of the digital and physical
worlds. However, it doesn't require that
those spaces be exclusively accessed
via VR or AR. Virtual worlds—such as
aspects of Fortnite that can be
accessed through PCs, game
consoles, and even phones—have
started referring to themselves as “the
metaverse.”
Original term from:
Crash, S., 2000. Neal Stephenson.
Bantam Doubleday Dell, reprint.
https://www.wired.com/s
tory/what-is-the-
metaverse/
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-
5903/14/11/310
“The Metaverse is a massively scaled
and interoperable network of real-time
rendered 3D virtual worlds which can be
experienced synchronously and
persistently by an effectively unlimited
number of users with an individual
sense of presence, and with continuity
of data, such as identity, history,
entitlements, objects, communications,
and payments.”
Crash, S., 2000. Neal Stephenson.
Bantam Doubleday Dell, reprint.
“el metaverso” puede incluir realidad
virtual, caracterizada por mundos
virtuales persistentes que continúan
existiendo incluso cuando no estás
jugando, así como realidad
aumentada que combina aspectos de
los mundos digital y físico. Sin
embargo, no requiere que se acceda
exclusivamente a esos espacios a
través de VR o AR. Los mundos
virtuales, como los aspectos de
Fortnite a los que se puede acceder
a través de PC, consolas de juegos e
incluso teléfonos, comenzaron a
referirse a sí mismos como "el
metaverso".

9. Mixed
reality
is a blend of physical and digital worlds,
unlocking natural and intuitive 3D
human, computer, and environmental
interactions. This new reality is based
on advancements in computer vision,
graphical processing, display
technologies, input systems, and cloud
computing.
https://learn.microsoft.co
m/en-
us/windows/mixed-
reality/discover/mixed-
reality
https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/32
90605.3300767
The merging of 3D graphics with the
real world and spatial registration in
the physical environment.
es una combinación de mundos
físicos y digitales, que desbloquea
interacciones humanas, informáticas
y ambientales en 3D naturales e
intuitivas. Esta nueva realidad se
basa en los avances en visión por
computadora, procesamiento gráfico,
tecnologías de visualización,
sistemas de entrada y computación
en la nube.
Snow
Crash
(Stephe
nson
1992)
a science fiction novel by American
author. Its themes include history,
linguistics, anthropology, archaeology,
religion, computer science, politics,
cryptography, memetics, and
philosophy. https://tinyurl.com/snow-
crash
https://en.wikipedia.org/
wiki/Snow_Crash
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/d
ocument/9802015
Literature review on metaverse.
una novela de ciencia ficción del
autor estadounidense. Sus temas
incluyen historia, lingüística,
antropología, arqueología, religión,
informática, política, criptografía,
memética y filosofía.
https://tinyurl.com/snow-crash
Virtual
reality
1. <application> Computer simulations
that use 3D graphics and devices such
as the data glove to allow the user to
interact with the simulation.
2. <games>
A form of network interaction
incorporating aspects of role-playing
games, interactive theater,
improvisational comedy, and "true
confessions" magazines. In a virtual
reality forum (such
as Usenet's news:alt.callahans newsgro
up or the MUD experiments
on Internet and elsewhere), interaction
between the participants is written like a
shared novel complete with scenery,
"foreground characters" that
may be personae utterly unlike the
people who write them, and common
"background characters"
manipulable by all parties.
https://www.computer-
dictionary-
online.org/definitions-
v/virtual-reality.html
https://www.sciencedirect.com/scien
ce/article/pii/S1876139918302688#t
bl1
“The use of computer technology to
create an interactive three-
dimensional world in which the
objects have a sense of spatial
presence; virtual environment, and
virtual world are synonyms for virtual
reality” (Department of Defense,
2018).
“A computer-generated three-
dimensional environment that gives
an immersion effect” (p. 40)
Department of Defense
(2018).
Lopreiato et al. (2016).
(Also known as “computer-assisted
simulation, computer-based
1. <aplicación> Simulaciones por
computadora que usan gráficos 3D y
dispositivos como el guante de datos
para permitir que el usuario
interactúe con la simulación.
2. <juegos> Una forma de interacción
en red que incorpora aspectos de
juegos de rol, teatro interactivo,
comedia de improvisación y revistas
de "confesiones verdaderas". En un
foro de realidad virtual (como el
grupo de noticias news:alt.calllahans
de Usenet o los experimentos MUD
en Internet y en otros lugares), la
interacción entre los participantes se
escribe como una novela compartida
completa con escenarios,
"personajes en primer plano" que
pueden ser personajes
completamente diferentes las
personas que los escriben y
"personajes de fondo" comunes
manipulables por todas las partes. La
única ley de hierro es que no puedes
escribir cambios irreversibles en un
personaje sin el consentimiento de la
persona que lo "posee", de lo
contrario, todo vale.

10. The one iron law is that you
may not write irreversible changes to
a character without the consent of the
person who "owns" it, otherwise,
anything goes.
simulation). “A computer-generated
reality, which allows a learner or
group of learners to experience
various auditory and visual stimuli.
This reality can be experienced
through the use of specialized ear
and eyewear.” (p. 47).INACSL
Standards Committee: INACSL
standards of best practice:
SimulationSM Glossary. (2016).
“An artificial environment which is
experienced through sensory stimuli
(such as sights and sounds)
provided by a computer and in which
one's actions partially determine
what happens in the environment;
also: the technology used to create
or access a virtual reality.”
Merriam-Webster.com.
“Virtual reality is best described as a
collection of technologies that allow
people to interact efficiently with 3D
computerised databases in real time
using their natural senses and skills
… It is an immersive technology”
(McCloy & Stone, 2001, 912).
McCloy & Stone, 2001.
“Computer-generated simulation of a
three-dimensional environment the
user is able to view and manipulate
or interact with” (p. 315).

11. Identify that key features of the VR
environment include (a) three-
dimensional imaging, (b) the ability
to actively interact with the virtual
environment, and (c) visual and
auditory feedback and further points
out that it should prevent users from
perceiving any elements of the real
world by being completely immersed
into the virtual environment. The
best example is the flight simulators
where the users are part of the
simulated experience. (p.392).
Kilmon, Brown, Ghosh, &
Mikitiuk, 2010.
Mantovani, Castelnuovo, Gaggioli, &
Riva, 2003.
“A collection of technologies that
allow people to interact efficiently
with 3D computerised databases in
real time using their natural senses
and skills” and is described by
behaviorists as, “an advanced form
of human–computer interface that
allows the user to interact with and
become immersed in a computer-
generated environment in a
naturalistic fashion” (p.230). Riva,
2002.
“A real or simulated environment in
which a perceiver experiences
telepresence” (p.75) Steuer 1992.

12. “A computer-generated display that
allows or compels the user (or users)
to have a sense of being present in
an environment other than the one
they are actually in and to interact
with that environment” (p.25).
Schroeder, 1996.
Virtual
worlds
A virtual world is a computer-simulated
representation of a world with specific
spatial and physical characteristics, and
users of virtual worlds interact with each
other via representations of themselves
called “avatars.” Modern virtual worlds
differ from traditional video games in
their objective.
https://cs.stanford.edu/p
eople/eroberts/cs201/pr
ojects/2007-08/virtual-
worlds/history.html#:~:te
xt=in%20Virtual%20Wor
lds-
,Virtual%20Worlds,video
%20games%20in%20th
eir%20objective.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.10
07/s11423-018-9577-y
Duncan et al. (2012) provide a
taxonomy of virtual world usage in
education. This is based on an over-
extended use of the term virtual
world to “encompass any online
environment that allows users to
play, learn or interact” (p. 950) and
issues emerge with the distinctions
initially drawn between MUVEs,
virtual worlds and virtual learning
environments (VLEs).
And
A synchronous, persistent network of
people, represented as avatars,
facilitated by networked computers
(Bell 2008, p. 2)
And
persistent virtual environments in
which people experience others as
being there with them - and where
they can interact with them
(Schroeder 2008, p. 2)
And
Un mundo virtual es una
representación simulada por
computadora de un mundo con
características espaciales y físicas
específicas, y los usuarios de los
mundos virtuales interactúan entre sí
a través de representaciones de sí
mismos llamadas "avatares". Los
mundos virtuales modernos difieren
de los videojuegos tradicionales en
su objetivo.

13. Shared, simulated spaces which are
inhabited and shaped by their
inhabitants who are represented as
avatars. These avatars mediate our
experience of this space as we
move, interact with objects and
interact with others, with whom we
construct a shared understanding of
the world at that time. (Girvan 2018)