Great lesson for secondary students.

1. The Ancient
Civilizations of Greece
and Rome
By
Dean Berry, Ed. D.

2. •Free PowerPoint Version at
•Slideshare.com
•Type PPT title or dean r berry
•dean r berry Ancient River
Valley Civilizations
•Dean r berry
•The Earliest Humans

3. The story of ancient Greece begins with the
Mycenaean Civilization which preceded the
Athenians and Spartans.

4. The Mycenaeans controlled the area of Greece
for 300 years from 1400 BC to 1100 BC.

5. They were very war like and constantly
attacked neighboring groups.

6. The Mycenaean people built walled
cities to protect themselves.

8. Ancient Greece by National Geographic
4 min Good Over View
•https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=6bDrYTXQLu8

9. Class Discussion
Describe where Greece is located.
What landforms and bodies of water are
close to Greece? Which counties
surround Greece today?
Study the map on the next slide and
write the answers to the above
questions.

11. What did the locations have in common for the
civilizations of Greece, Rome, Phoenicia, and Carthage?

12. In 750 BC the Empire of Greece included a large part of
surrounding areas such as Asia minor(Turkey).

15. During the golden age of Greece the areas were divided
into over a 100 city-states that operated like small
countries with their own types of government.

16. How did the geography of Greece
impact the way the area developed?

17. Over hundreds of years Athens and some of the
other city-states tried various parts of
democracy. As time passed, Athens implemented
many ideas that evolved into democracy.

19. In 508 BC, Athenian leader Cleisthenes established
a new system of government called “democracy”.

20. Pericles improved democracy in Athens.

21. How would you describe the quality of
leadership provided by Pericles?

22. From 480 BC to 402 BC ancient
Greece experienced its golden age.

23. The golden age was a time of great art,
literature, and beautifully designed buildings.

24. The two prominent city-states of Athens and Sparta
were very different. Using this venn diagram,
explain how they were different.

25. Take notes as we discuss the
following five slides and the
differences between Athenian and
Spartan life.
Sparta versus Athens: Which
culture do you prefer?

26. Consider the next five slides as a data bank
of information that you will need to use
to write an essay.

30. How were kids in Sparta treated?

31. Quick Write

33. Use some of the words and phrases below as you
write a 1-2 page essay comparing and contrasting
life in Athens and Sparta.

34. Who were the decision makers in
Greek Democracy?

35. What do these pictures suggest
about Greek democracy?

38. Class Discussion
• What’s the difference between a direct democracy
and a representative democracy?
• Which type of democracy do we have?
• Why do we need to use this form of democracy?
How many people usually vote in our elections?

40. Philip’s son, Alexander, became one of the greatest
leaders in Greek history. He created an empire that
lasted from 356-323BC.

41. Alexander the Great became King of Macedon and
created an empire that stretched from Greece to
Egypt to Persia and to India

42. Alexander the Great spread Greek culture and
new ideas throughout his empire. He helped the
areas he conquered become more advanced.

43. Discuss and take notes on the way
the Greeks lived and the
contributions they made to the
world.

44. The Greeks contributed many ideas to our
current western culture. What contribution is
suggested by these pictures?

45. The Olympic Games began around
7000 BC to honor the god Zeus.

47. The ancient Greeks made many
contributions to our world.

48. According to this chart, what did we
learn from the ancient Greeks?

50. Class Discussion
How would you describe the role of women in ancient
Athenian society?
• Why do you think most ancient world societies made
men far more important?
• Why do you think women have gained equality(mostly) in
our current modern society?
• Have women gained equality (mostly) in all modern
societies?

52. Ancient Greek theaters were where plays were
performed for large outdoor audiences.

53. 1500 B.C. to 300 B.C.
Ancient Greeks
Democracy
Great Architecture
Good schools
Great philosophers
Geometry
Greek theatres
Jury Trial

54. Class Discussion
•What were some of the
contributions made by the
ancient Greeks?
•Describe what Greek society
was like.

55. Review the prior 8 slides and take
notes on the key ideas and specific
examples about Greek life.
Write a one page essay about
Greek life and how we benefited
from their ideas.

56. Ancient Greek life was centered around the belief in
many gods. The powerful gods were personified
and represented in their art and literature.

57. What do these two goddesses
represent?

58. In Greek mythology Zeus was considered
the king of all of the Greek Gods.

59. Poseidon was god of the Sea.

60. There were over 50 Greek gods.

61. The Greek gods behaved like regular
people-fighting, partying, and loving.

62. Greek Mythology tells the story of Helen of Troy
and the two men that fought for her affection. In
recent years, many historians have come to
believe that evidence suggests that Troy was a
city that actually existed.

63. Today Scientists mostly agree that the mythical
city of Troy actually existed. Re-read and unpack
this statement. What does it mean?

64. The Trojan War created the legend about
Helen of Troy, who was described as the
face that launched a thousand ships.

65. Why would the legend say that Helen launched a
thousand ships? What does that mean?

67. According to Greek mythology, around 1200 BC, the Trojan War ended when
ancient Greeks tricked the Trojans by placing a huge wooden horse, religious
symbol for the trojans, outside of the city gates. When the intrigued Trojans
pulled the wooden horse into to the city, Greek fighters took over the city.

68. A Day in the Life of an Athenian Ted Ed
Animated 5 min Excellent A Must View
•
•https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ar8S6vi
rCwM

69. The Roman Empire

70. The Roman Empire included the entire
Mediterranean Sea area from Britain to
Turkey across to Northern Africa.

71. From 517 BC and 117 AD the Roman Empire grew
from a small area around Rome to a large empire.
This map depicts the Roman Empire when it was
under half of its eventual size.

72. Between 100 AD and 117 AD the Roman
Empire grew to its largest size.

73. In order to create a huge empire the Roman war machine
had to develop the most advanced military weapons.

74. Many different generals led Rome to victory over
a 400 year period from 400 BC to 117 AD.

75. The most famous general to lead the Roman
Empire to victory was Julius Caesar.

77. Beginning in 60 BC Julius Caesar became a very
influential governor, general, and dictator of the Roman
Empire. He was assassinated in 44 BC.

79. What were the advantages of using a
hot looking chariot in battle?

80. Some warriors preferred the “souped-
up” version of the chariot.

81. Which area attacked Rome from the south from northern
Africa?
Which countries of today would be in the same area as the
Western Roman Empire?

82. Invading armies could be brutal to Roman civilians.
Children were taken from their mothers and murdered.

83. However, the Roman army was also brutal as it inflicted
great damage and pain on those it conquered.

84. What do these pictures tell you about the type of
military forces used by the Romans? Why would
they need both types?

85. The ruler that followed Julius Caesar was his
nephew Caesar Augustus (Octavian). He fought off
Queen Cleopatra of Egypt and Antony of Rome to
become the 1st Emperor of the Roman Empire. He
led the Romans for 40 years and began the long 200
year period of peace known as the Pax Romana. Caesar
Augustus protected a newly revised Constitution as
he ruled from 27 BC to 14 AD.
t

87. Describe the period known as PAX ROMANA. What
was life like in Rome?

88. Quick Write
Write a paragraph describing the
Pax Romana and the way it
affected people’s lives.

90. Examine this chart. How long did some form of
democracy last in the Roman government?

91. How does this government structure
compare to our own?

93. Class Discussion
Return to the last two slides and review the three levels of Roman
government.
Return to this slide.
Who gets power in the Roman Senate? What is the
aristocracy?
What branch of the Roman government provides
citizens a role in government?
How is this system of government similar or
different from our government?

94. The Roman monarchy was at the top
of the government pyramid.

95. The Roman senate was composed of aristocrats
who were wealthy and powerful citizens. Who is in
our U.S. Senate? How do they get there? How long
are they there?

96. Why do countries trade with each other? What kind of
goods do you think were traded by the ancient powers?

97. Romans traded grapes, wine, olives, olive
oil, and grains for silk, spices, gold, and iron.

98. Why were these important to the
Romans?

99. Most Roman trade was conducted
by ships on the Mediterranean Sea.

100. According to this map, what is the trading
partner that is farthest away from Rome?
How did the Romans travel there?

101. Examine this ship. What do you think it was
used for? Did this ship provide any support
for traders?

102. For thousands of years overland trade from
Europe and the Middle East to China carried
goods by camels and donkeys.

103. The silk road was a series of trade routes
running from Rome and Greece across the
Middle East and India to China.

104. What kind of goods and products do you think might
have been traded several thousand years ago?

108. Ideas and inventions are also exchanged along important
trade routes. The Chinese created paper and gun powder
which were adopted and used in European countries. Plants
and seeds, such as citrus fruits, are sent back and forth
along trade routes like the Silk Road. Religions like
Buddhism and Islam spread their ideas along these
corridors.

109. Class Discussion
Review the next two slides and
discuss how the silk road worked
and how different parts of the
world benefited from the silk
road. Prepare to write an essay
about it.

112. Quick Write
Write a half page essay describing how
the silk road worked and the benefits it
brought to different areas of the world.

113. Ancient Rome in 20 min
Excellent View 7 min per day
A Must View
•
•https://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=46ZXl-V4qwY

116. What do you notice about the way
they are dressed?

118. Going to school was only for rich kids. Almost all
of the students were boys. Most rich girls stayed
at home and learned from mom.

119. Schools were one room school houses without books
since paper wasn’t invented yet. Students read from
papyrus scrolls and used wooden sticks to scratch letters
on waxed wooden slates. Teachers hit students on a
regular basis if they failed to learn their lessons.

120. Rich kids participated in physical education and games.
Poor kids went to work in the fields to help feed their
families. Most Romans never learned to read.

121. Wealthy Roman women could not participate in
the government but they could play a significant
role in religion, philosophy, literature, and
education. Teaching their children social skills
was very important.

123. Poor women or female slaves worked hard getting
water, providing meals, cleaning, and managing
children. Does this sound familiar?

124. Wealthy Roman women used make-up, shopped for
fancy and colorful clothes, and enjoyed many social
events. Sound familiar?

125. •Review the next slide and discuss how poor people lived in ancient
Rome.
• Do any poor people in our current world live in
terrible conditions?
• Why do you think after thousands of years and
great advances in technology the world still has
millions of poor and hungry people?

127. Class Discussion
• Discuss how poor people lived in ancient Rome.
• Do any poor people in our current world live in
terrible conditions?
• Why do you think after thousands of years and
great advances in technology the world still has
millions of poor and hungry people?

128. Public baths were part of daily activities for most
Roman men and women. These small or huge bath
houses were usually separate for men and women
except for about a 100 years from 5 AD to 100 AD
when there were mixed bathing opportunities.

129. Do you know what kind of foods are served in Italy
on a daily basis? Do you think ancient Romans ate
these foods 2,000 years ago?

131. Compare breakfast today with breakfast thousands
of years ago. Compare breakfast for the poor with
breakfast for the wealthy.

132. How does lunch in ancient Rome differ from lunch
that most Americans enjoy today? Who ate
healthier?

133. Which of these foods do you eat on a regular basis?

134. How are these Roman foods different
from school lunches?

135. How do our meals differ from the way Romans ate?

136. Do you know anyone who eats this way?

137. Use this slide and the last slide as you write a
paragraph about how the Romans ate their dinner.

138. Quick Write
•Write a paragraph with a main idea
and supporting details that includes
examples and transitions.
•Describe how the Roman people ate
dinner and how it differs from
American customs.

139. Is this you eating while watching television?

140. Class Discussion
•Why do you think the Roman’s
diet included fruits, nuts,
cheese, grains, and fish?
•What usually determines what
people eat in different regions of
the world?

141. Based on this topography, would the Romans have
used goats to produce food? If they used goats,
what kind of food would they have created?

142. How would this geography affect the
diet of the inhabitants of this area?

143. Small Group Viewing Project
Use the next ten slides as a data bank of evidence.
Meet in small groups and use a tablet to review all
12 slides and determine what kind of foods and
products are supported by the geography of Italy.
Make a list of the foods and products that direct
evidence indicates could be farmed or collected
from the Italian environment.

159. Small Group Viewing Project
Share your group’s list of the foods and
products that are supported by direct
evidence in the 12 slides. Discuss your
reasons and evidence with the class.

160. Examine the architecture of the
buildings in the next four slides.
Think about the features of these
four buildings and how they are
different from modern American
design and architecture.

165. Compare ancient Roman architecture
to our modern architecture. What are
some of the differences?
Discuss the features of these four
buildings and how they are different
from modern American design and
architecture.

166. Just like the Greeks, the Romans had
many gods that affected their daily lives.

167. Use your tablet or laptop and make
a list of these Roman gods and
their areas of control or influence.

168. Three of the Roman gods were
Neptune, Jupiter, and Juno.

169. Why do you think Romans might
have feared this god?

170. Roman hunters had to keep the goddess Diana
very happy if they expected to do well hunting.

171. Roman gods were honored by artists
creating beautiful sculptures of them.

173. 313 AD Christianity becomes the
legal religion of Rome.

177. The Greeks had the Olympic games
and the Romans had the circus.

178. What kind of stadium is this? Why is
it designed this way?

180. The fans loved the chariot races
in the colosseum.

181. Why do you think this was called
the Circus Maximus?

182. What do you think is about to
happen?

183. Why do you think this ancient colosseum
looks like a football stadium?

184. Who were the Roman gladiators?
What was their life expectancy?

185. • Gladiators battled to the death in the colosseum
with huge crowds of Romans cheering on their
preferred warrior.

186. Which sports today are watched in huge stadiums?

187. Quick Write
• Use the information on the next three slides
to write an essay about the fall of the Roman
Empire.
• Discuss the main reasons why you think the
mighty Roman Empire became weak and lost
its power and influence.

189. By 410 AD the Romans were over-run by the
Germanic Visigoths from northern Europe.

191. Why did the mighty Roman Empire collapse?
• Use the information on the three
preceding slides to complete this
writing assignment.
• Write a one page essay discussing the
reasons why the Roman Empire began
to fade and lose its power.

192. How did the ancient Greeks and Romans
contribute to our modern world?
• Review the next four slides and collect
information about the contributions of both
ancient civilizations.
• Prepare to write a one page essay
comparing and contrasting the value of the
contributions provided by each.

195. 27 B.C. to 476 A.D.
Roman Empire
Written Laws
Veto idea
Water Aqueducts
Spread
christianity
Pax Romana 200
years
Great highways
Republic
Senators

196. 1500 B.C. to 300 B.C.
Ancient Greeks
Democracy
Great Architecture
Good schools
Great philosophers
Geometry
Greek theatres
Jury Trial

197. The History of the World: The History Channel
2 hours Excellent!! A Must view Best history film ever
View 10-12 min per day
•https://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=c5AGF1Pl4R4

198. A New History of Humanity 7 min
In a Nutshell Animated Excellent!! A Must View
•https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=czgOWmtGVGs

199. BBC History of Man
59 min Excellent
•https://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=XZcz1IMyF08

200. History of the World Since 1492 in Maps
7 min Good for stopping and discussing
•https://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=HOQe_3teOpE

201. The History of Everything
In a Nutshell 9 min
•https://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=hB437UP8bpc