1. Spread of Islam
Pages 119- 122

3. Islam Spreads
 Many Arabs converted to Islam
 Those who didn’t were killed or enslaved
 Christianity and Judaism practiced, but not allowed to
spread their faith and paid special taxes

4. A New Caliph
 632- Muhammad died
 Succeeded by Abu Bakr (caliph= successor)
 Continued to spread Islam across Arabia
 Campaign continued by subsequent caliphs
 Skilled commanders and devoted troops
 By 649- conquered Iraq, Palestine, Syria, Egypt, Iran,
Pakistan
 With conquest, the empire gained wealth

7. Division and Rivalry
 Empire grew quickly
 Enormous task of administration
 Who would lead?
 Caliph- Head of the Faith, army commander, chief
lawmaker, judge

8. Division and Rivalry
 Muhammed- did not have a son to succeed him
 Muslims couldn’t agree on who should lead
 Dispute resulted in warfare between supporters of Ali
(Muhammad’s son in law) and the Umayyad
 Battle of the Camel= 656
 Ali assassinated and Umayyad took control
 Ali supporters- Shi’i
 Umayyad supporters- Sunni

9. The Umayyads
 661- Moved Islamic Arab Empire capital to Damascus
 Built court of splendour
 Ongoing war for control of the Arab Empire
 Mecca often under siege
 Leaders regularly deposed
 Eventually Abd-al-Malik seized the throne and put down the
opposition
 Following- Islam Armies were well organized & continued
into Asia and North Africa
 711- entered Spain
 Arab Empire grew wealthier

10. Traders and Trade Routes
 Conquest of territory encouraged trade
 Arab Islamic World became one of the largest
economic trade zones in the world
 Traders found fellow Muslims everywhere they went

12. Quiz (ish)

13. Question #1
Did Islam spread quickly, or
slowly?

14. Question #2
What conflict arose after
Muhammad died?

15. Question #3
What are the names of the two
opposing groups of Muslims
that remain to this day?

16. Question #4
Who were the Umayyads?