1. Resources
Water, Minerals, Agriculture, Forests

2. Renewable and Non-Renewable
Renewable= replaceable/replenishable
freshwater, timber
Nonrenewable=
nonreplaceable/nonreplenishable
 fossil fuels (oil, coal, natural gas, uranium)

3. Freshwater
Access to freshwater depends on site and
situation
-Canada-20% of world’s fresh water

5. Freshwater Sources
Surface water= rivers, streams
lakes, snowfields, and glaciers
Aquifer= underground water-bearing
rock, sand, or gravel

6. Surface Water vs. Aquifer
Surface Water Aquifer
• Bacteria • Less bacteria
• Harder to access • Easier to access
• Recharge slowly

8. Freshwater Issues
Groundwater depletion= aquifers are being
over-pumped water table falls
=farmers dig deeper wells
So what? Digging too deep= Arsenic and fluoride

9. Solutions?
• Water exports
• Desalination

10. Contributors
• Industrial pollution
• Urbanization
• Agricultural practices

11. Mineral Resources
Mining= strips natural vegetation, rock, soil
- Left abandoned and pollutants dumped into
environment

12. Agricultural
• Creating farmland= destroying natural habitats
• Maintaining farmland= irrigation and fertilization
• Farmland Salination= farmlands turn to
wastelands
• Practices:
– Chemicals: pesticides and herbicides
– Genetically Modified Foods (in Canada: corn, canola,
soybeans, squash, potatoes)

13. Pesticides
Pesticides= poison to kill insects
Herbicides= poison to kill unwanted plants
- Kill harmless insects
- Harm farmworks
- Seep into nearby streams
***phase-out in Canada

14. Deforestation
-fewer trees= more carbon & poorer air quality
Brazilian Rainforest Case Study
Rainforest exploitation= farming, cattle
ranching, mining, lumbering
- Subsistence farming= farmers given rainforest
to develop unsuccessful
Deforestation= dry, arid wastelands
- flooding, clogged reservoirs

16. Deforestation
Canada’s Forests
¼ of world’s temperate, deciduous coastal forest
1/3 of the world’s boreal coniferous forest
Almost all of the world’s old growth pine
- Forest fires, industrial development, logging
Environmental stewardship= effective
management of resources, sustainable
practices

17. Government Response
• governments helping to clean-up and protect
environment
• Canada- national, provincial, regional laws
SO WHAT??