1. Surname Initial(s)
Centre
Paper Reference
No.
Signature
Candidate
No. 6 7 2 6 0 1
Paper Reference(s)
6726/01 Examiner’s use only
Edexcel GCE Team Leader’s use only
Physical Education
Advanced Question Leave
Number Blank
Unit 6: Scientific Principles of Exercise
1
and Performance 2
Thursday 5 June 2008 – Afternoon 3
Time: 1 hour 45 minutes 4
5
6
Materials required for examination Items included with question papers 7
Nil Nil
8
9
10
Instructions to Candidates
In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initials and signature.
Check that you have the correct question paper.
Answer THREE questions. You MUST answer ONE question from EACH section.
Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper.
Do not use pencil. Use blue or black ink.
Indicate which question you are answering by marking the box ( ).
If you change your mind, put a line through the box ( ) and then indicate your new question with a
cross ( ).
Information for Candidates
The marks for individual questions and the parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e.g. (2).
There are 10 questions in this question paper. The total mark for this paper is 75.
There are 28 pages in this question paper. Any blank pages are indicated.
Candidates are advised to spend twice the amount of time on Section C, as it will be given twice the
weighting in accordance with the specification.
Advice to Candidates
You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas, descriptions and
arguments clearly and logically, including your use of grammar, punctuation and spelling.
Total
This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with
Edexcel Limited copyright policy.
©2008 Edexcel Limited. Turn over
Printer’s Log. No.
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W850/T6726/57570 6/8/5/2/
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SECTION A – EXERCISE & ENERGY SYSTEMS
Answer only ONE question from this section. Write your answers in the spaces
provided.
If you answer Question 1 put a cross in this box .
1. (a) Carbohydrate loading is used by endurance athletes in an attempt to improve
performance.
(i) Explain how and why an athlete might carbohydrate load.
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(ii) Identify any potential problems associated with carbohydrate loading.
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(3)
(b) (i) Explain how the Aerobic Energy Pathway resynthesises ATP.
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(ii) Aerobic respiration is described as being an efficient use of glucose.
Explain this statement by contrasting the energy yield from the aerobic pathway
with another named energy pathway.
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(2)
(c) The Energy Continuum refers to the body’s use of the three energy systems.
Use an appropriate sporting example to explain the Energy Continuum.
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(7) Q1
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If you answer Question 2 put a cross in this box ..
2. (a) (i) Identify the three energy systems used by the body to regenerate ATP.
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(3)
(ii) For each energy system, identify an activity which would use that system as its
dominant energy provider. You should explain your choice of each activity.
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(b) When designing a training programme a track athlete would attempt to raise their
anaerobic threshold and point of Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation (OBLA).
(i) Define the terms anaerobic threshold and OBLA.
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(2)
(ii) Identify the type of training required in order to raise the anaerobic threshold and
point of OBLA, explaining why the training is appropriate.
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(iii) State the adaptations required for the necessary physiological improvements to
occur.
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(c) (i) Define the terms Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC) and
Oxygen Debt and highlight the difference between them.
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(3)
(ii) Explain how the body replenishes phosphocreatine levels, stating approximate
times and percentages of recovery.
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(5) Q2
(Total 25 marks)
TOTAL FOR SECTION A: 25 MARKS
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SECTION B – SPORTS MECHANICS & SPORTS PSYCHOLOGY
Answer only ONE question from this section. Write your answers in the spaces
provided.
If you answer Question 3 put a cross in this box ..
3. (a) (i) Define the terms distance and displacement.
distance ..................................................................................................................
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displacement ..........................................................................................................
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(2)
(ii) Explain the terms distance and displacement, using the 400 m track race as an
example.
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(2)
(b) Figure 1 shows the vertical displacement of an athlete’s centre of mass as they perform
a standing vertical jump.
Figure 1
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(i) In the space provided, sketch a graph to show the velocity of the athlete’s centre
of mass for the jump.
(4)
(ii) For points A, B and C on Figure 1, explain the velocity of the athlete.
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(c) (i) In a cricket match, a bowler releases the ball and its velocity is measured at
40 m/s.
If the ball has a mass of 160 g, calculate the momentum of the ball at this point.
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(ii) At the instant prior to the batsman striking the ball with the bat, the ball has
bounced once and its velocity is measured at 37 m/s. Explain why the ball has
slowed down.
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(iii) Before the batsman hits the ball the bat is moving at 10 m/s. On contact with
the ball he stops the bat moving. If the bat has a mass of 1.25 kg, calculate the
velocity of the ball at the instant after it has been hit.
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(iv) State Newton’s First and Third Laws, and use them to explain the motion of the
ball from the time it leaves the bowler until it comes to rest after it has struck the
bat.
first law ..................................................................................................................
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third law .................................................................................................................
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(6) Q3
(Total 25 marks)
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If you answer Question 4 put a cross in this box ..
4. (a) Explain how and why the flight path of a tennis ball hit with top spin is different to
one hit with back spin.
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(b) Using sporting examples, explain how the release point of a thrown object affects its
flight path.
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(c) Identify and explain four factors that influence a person’s physical stability.
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(d) (i) Define the term moment of inertia, and identify the factors that affect its
magnitude.
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(ii) Using examples from sport, explain how angular velocity can be altered.
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If you answer Question 5 put a cross in this box ..
5. (a) (i) Thorndike formulated three laws related to the associationist perspective of
learning.
Name and explain each law.
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(ii) Using a sporting example of your choice, explain how a coach would structure
their practice sessions if they were applying Thorndike’s three laws.
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(b) Name Eysenck’s two dimensions of personality.
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(c) The concept of achievement motivation has two dimensions. Name and explain these
dimensions.
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(d) (i) With respect to social facilitation, describe Zajonc’s Drive Theory.
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(ii) Explain the likely implications of Zajonc’s Drive theory for both a beginner and
an advanced performer.
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(e) Explain the instinct theory of aggression and how it applies to sport.
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If you answer Question 6 put a cross in this box ..
6. (a) Using a sporting example, explain the cognitive approach to learning.
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(b) Using a sporting example, describe the Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis.
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(c) Identify and explain the four key factors that influence observational learning.
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(d) (i) Define the terms state anxiety and trait anxiety.
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(ii) Describe the difference between somatic anxiety and cognitive anxiety, and
explain the effect each has on sporting performance.
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(Total 25 marks)
TOTAL FOR SECTION B: 25 MARKS
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SECTION C – A SYNOPTIC ANALYSIS OF SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES
Answer only ONE question from this section.
Each question is worth 25 marks.
Candidates are advised to spend twice the amount of time on Section C, as it will be
given twice the weighting in accordance with the specification.
7. Before the Ashes series in 2006, the Australian Cricket team spent a number of weeks at
a ‘boot camp’ and then at the Australian Institute of Sport.
Discuss the scientific principles behind the use of training camps.
(Total 25 marks)
8. Technology is having a negative impact on modern day sport. Discuss this point of view.
(Total 25 marks)
9. Leaders in sport take on a variety of roles such as manager, coach and captain.
Discuss how modern day leaders can affect the performance of their athletes.
(Total 25 marks)
10. Discuss the strategies that can be used to help an elite athlete prevent and/or recover from
injury.
(Total 25 marks)
Indicate which question you are answering by marking the box ( ).
If you change your mind, put a line through the box ( ) and then indicate your new
question with a cross ( ).
Chosen question number: Question 7 Question 8
Question 9 Question 10
Write your answer to Section C here:
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Section
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(Total 25 marks)
TOTAL FOR SECTION C: 25 MARKS
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS
END
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