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Testing Java Microservices:
From Development to Production
Abraham Marín-Pérez | Daniel Bryant
tl;dr
● Testing microservices brings additional challenges
● Pay special attention to integration surfaces
● Isolate services for loosely coupled tests
● Include tests that resemble production
● Make security testing a first-class citizen
Who am I?
@danielbryantuk
Product Architect at Datawire
Consultant, Writer
Java Champion, Conference Tourist
@abrahammarin
Developer, Consultant, Writer
Associate of Equal Experts
Software Plumber
Types of tests
From Agile Testing, by Lisa Crispin and Janet Gregory
Challenges
● Cannot share a single environment: test locally
● Full ecosystem unsuitable for local testing
● Lack of control over third-party dependencies
Isolation
Isolating Parts
Third Party
Isolating Parts
Third Party
Isolating Parts: No Isolation
Third Party
Isolating Parts: Unowned Components
Third Party
Test Doubles
Test Doubles
Dummy objects: passed around but never actually used.
Fake objects: working implementations not suitable for production
Stubs: provide canned answers to calls made during the test
Spies: stubs that also record some information based on how they were called.
Mocks: objects pre-programmed with expectations which form a specification of the
calls they are expected to receive.
Virtualisations: emulation of services, with expectations (not suitable for production)
https://martinfowler.com/articles/mocksArentStubs.html
JUnit Example
API Simulation Thoughts
● Useful when a dependency is “expensive” to
access or tricky to mock
● Facilitates error handling tests when dependency
failure modes are challenging to recreate
● Simulations can be fragile and/or complicated
Isolating Parts: Service Interaction
Third Party
Focused on
service/function
Focused on
system
Contract Tests
API Contracts
APIs are service contracts
Many are producer-driven
It’s possible to design outside-in:
Consumer-Driven Contracts
Consumer-Driven
Contracts
Consumer-Driven Contracts
https://www.baeldung.com/pact-junit-consumer-driven-contracts
Consumer-Driven
Contracts
Consumer-Driven Contract Frameworks
https://docs.pact.io/ https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-contract/
Consumer-Driven Contract Thoughts
● Great in low trust or low communication organisations
○ Act as a cue for a conversation
● Can be used to implement “TDD for the API”
● Resource intensive to create and maintain
https://bit.ly/2p68gBS
Components
Isolating Parts: Single Service
Third Party
Isolating Parts: Single Service
Isolating Parts: Single Service
Test
Doubles
Isolating Parts: Single Service
Isolating Parts: Single Service
+
Isolating Parts: Single Service
Fault Tolerance
Test double configured to fail
https://technology.cap-hpi.com/blog/unit-testing-what-benefits-you-can-reap/
Isolating Parts: Technicalities
Third Party
Isolating Parts: Technicalities
Test the Real Thing
Isolating Parts: Technicalities
Isolating Parts: Data
Test Data
● Low Volume
● Low Diversity
Production Data
● High Volume
● High Diversity
Isolating Parts: Data
Isolating Parts: Data
Marín
Argüelles
d’Hopital
Garçon
Castaña
Strauß
Fønss
Bård
かほる
Александр
สมชาย
Φραγκόπουλος
Isolating Parts: Data
Isolating Parts: Data
a а
“a” “azǔ”
U+0061 U+0430
www.owasp.org
https://www.owasp.org/index.php/C
ategory:OWASP_Top_Ten_Project
Security: Code
Security: Dependencies
Security: Container Images
github.com/arminc/clair-scanner
Wrapping Things Up
Conclusion
● Testing microservices brings additional challenges
● Pay special attention to integration surfaces
● Isolate services for loosely coupled tests
● Include tests that resemble production
● Make security testing a first-class citizen
Thanks!
Some code samples:
https://github.com/orgs/continuous-delivery-in-java
(with more coming soon!)
Bonus
https://medium.com/@copyconstruct/testing-microservices-the-sane-way-9bb31d158c16
Evolution of QA
Semantic Txns / Synthetic Monitoring
https://martinfowler.com/bliki/SyntheticMonitoring.html
Devoxx UK 2019: "Testing Java Microservices: From Development to Production

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Devoxx UK 2019: "Testing Java Microservices: From Development to Production

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. The quadrants hint at a number of challenges, which for microservices is even harder because… (and then bullet points) Full ecosystem: too large, too diverse, too evolving
  2. to avoid gaps: expanding levels (concentric dotted lines, brittle, inefficient) chained levels (overlapping dotted lines, requires more management)
  3. All about trade-offs to avoid gaps: expanding levels (concentric dotted lines, brittle, inefficient) chained levels (overlapping dotted lines, requires more management)
  4. the whole is more than the sum of the parts, need to avoid silos
  5. no isolation, but closest to user experience. Necessary evil?
  6. biggest fully-controlled test. Need to use test doubles for unowned components Try to find better word for unowned
  7. to avoid gaps: expanding levels (concentric dotted lines, brittle, inefficient) chained levels (overlapping dotted lines, requires more management)
  8. Expect people to know this, just in case. Back-up: DBUnit, Utilis Prepare for anecdotes
  9. Expect people to know this, just in case. Back-up: DBUnit, Utilis Prepare for anecdotes
  10. Expect people to know this, just in case. Back-up: DBUnit, Utilis Prepare for anecdotes
  11. Expect people to know this, just in case. Back-up: DBUnit, Utilis Prepare for anecdotes
  12. QPid works with AMQP 1.0 ActiveMQ as well, but only later versions (5.8 or later)
  13. Mention Franck Pachot’s talk about how SQL varies
  14. “Copy” tl;dr Extra challenges when workin with microservice Test doubles, options Careful with Long-running queries, different tools for isolation,e tc. (one liner) security
  15. Mention signing, no questions, need to leave!!