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โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ
                 โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ
                    โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ




                        โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ 2 โ€“ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ
                 โ€ซื‘ืช โ€“ ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช"โ€ฌ
                            โ€ซื“ื•"ื— ืกื•ืคื™โ€ฌ




                                              โ€ซื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช: ืคืจื•ืค' ืจื—ืœ ืงืœื•ืฉโ€ฌ
                               โ€ซืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ื•ืžืชื›ื ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื ื™ืงื™ ื“ื•ื™ื“ื•ื‘โ€ฌ
                          โ€ซืจื•ืื” ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืชื›ื ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื“ื•ืจื•ืŸ ืงืื•ืคืžืŸโ€ฌ


   โ€ซืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื:โ€ฌ
โ€ซืื ืืœ ืื˜ื™ืืกโ€ฌ
 โ€ซื“ืŸ ื‘ืจืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅโ€ฌ
โ€ซื ื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ - ืกื™ืžื•ืŸโ€ฌ
โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ                                                                       โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ
โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช"โ€ฌ                                                             โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                                          โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ

                                                                                                        โ€ซืชื•ื›ืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ืโ€ฌ

        โ€ซืขืž' 2-1โ€ฌ             โ€ซ........................................................โ€ฌ    โ€ซโ€ชESSENC OF OUR PLANโ€ฌโ€ฌ
        โ€ซืขืž' 4-3โ€ฌ               โ€ซโ€ช...................................................................... INTRODUCTIONโ€ฌโ€ฌ
        โ€ซืขืž' 7-5โ€ฌ            โ€ซโ€ช................................... URBAN & REGIONAL BACKGROUNDโ€ฌโ€ฌ
                                                                              โ€ซโ€ชOF THE PLANNING SYSTEMโ€ฌโ€ฌ


       โ€ซืขืž' 01-8โ€ฌ          โ€ซโ€ช.................................... DEFINITION OF THE PLANNING AREAโ€ฌโ€ฌ
      โ€ซืขืž' 21-11โ€ฌ          โ€ซโ€ช....................... THEORETICAL BACKGROUND TO OUR PLANโ€ฌโ€ฌ
      โ€ซืขืž' 71-31โ€ฌ          โ€ซโ€ช..............................................................................................S.W.O.Tโ€ฌโ€ฌ
      โ€ซืขืž' 91-81โ€ฌ          โ€ซโ€ช................................... OUTLINING OUR VISIONS AND GOALSโ€ฌโ€ฌ
      โ€ซืขืž' 12-02โ€ฌ          โ€ซโ€ช..................................................THE PRINCIPLES OF OUR PLANโ€ฌโ€ฌ
         โ€ซืขืž' 22โ€ฌ         โ€ซืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื“ ...........................................................................................โ€ฌ
      โ€ซืขืž' 52-32โ€ฌ         โ€ซืžืชื—ืžื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ืฆืขื™ื.............................................................................โ€ฌ
      โ€ซืขืž' 82-62โ€ฌ     โ€ซืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ......................................................................โ€ฌ
      โ€ซืขืž' 03-92โ€ฌ   โ€ซโ€ช...THE COMMERCIAL STRIP AS ECONOMIC GENERATOR ANDโ€ฌโ€ฌ
                                                                                       โ€ซโ€ชCOMMUNAL CATALYSTโ€ฌโ€ฌ
      โ€ซืขืž' 23-13โ€ฌ     โ€ซืกื™ื›ื•ื ื•ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ........................................................................................โ€ฌ
      โ€ซืขืž' 43-33โ€ฌ      โ€ซื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” .............................................................................................โ€ฌ


                                                                                                                  โ€ซื ืกืคื—ื™ื:โ€ฌ
                                                                  โ€ซืžืงืจื” ื—ืงืจ โ€“ ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ืจืžื‘"ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸโ€ฌ
                         โ€ซืžืคืช ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™, ืžืคืช ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช. ืงื "ืž 0052:1โ€ฌ
                                                 โ€ซืžืคื•ืช ื”ืžืชื—ืžื™ื โ€“ ืžืคื•ืช ืžืชื—ืžื™ื ืžื•ืฆืขื™ื. ืงื "ืž 0521:1โ€ฌ
                             โ€ซืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช )ืชื‘"ืข( โ€“ ืชื™ืง ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™, ืชืงื ื•ืŸ, ืชืฉืจื™ื˜ ื•ื ืกืคื— ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™.โ€ฌ
                                                               โ€ซื˜ื‘ืœืช ืคืจื•ื’ืจืืžื” ื›ืžื•ืชื™ืช โ€“ ื˜ื‘ืœืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืชโ€ฌ




                                                                                                                            โ€ซ0โ€ฌ
โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ                                                 โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ
"โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ                                       โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                    โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ

ESSENCE OF OUR PLAN
The group chose to handle the line of housing projects between the railroad and the main
street of Bat Galim. The work focuses on several points:
   โ€ข   Detailed attack-The planning area is seemingly uniform, in terms of common cha-
       racteristics: the type of public housing, its poor condition, the small housing units
       and the weak population, including a significant percentage of immigrants. Unlike
       the usual procedure in this type of situation, which would be a proposal of a com-
       prehensive plan, this project offers a unique procedure for each defined area of the
       site. These solutions are derived from the strengths and weaknesses of each de-
       fined area.


   โ€ข   Total redevelopment of the entrance area to the neighborhood-This is from the
       identification of a need to bring about a fundamental change to the entrance of the
       neighborhood to improve its image, and make use of its potential to offer high-
       quality housing for workers in the nearby Rambam Hospital.



   โ€ข   Floor additions and building extensions, will be enabled in the defined areas in
       which there are the customarily built public housing projects of the 1950s.


   โ€ข   Condensing of building densities through infill of an additional building in the
       relatively new defined area constructed in the 1980s.



   โ€ข   Adding โ€œrooftop apartmentsโ€ in the defined areas where the existing housing has
       architectural and environmental value and are worth preserving.


   โ€ข   Creating a โ€œgolden ageโ€ neighborhood, built around the existing old age home,
       based on the high percentage of elderly residents in the area. This will include
       creating a supply of assisted living housing for this same sector in close proximity
       their places of residence, and will encourage the evacuation of apartments that are
       relatively large and are inaccessible to the elderly, creating a supply of housing for
       young families.

                                                                                               1
โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ                                                  โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ
"โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ                                        โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                     โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ

   โ€ข   This process creates a variety of housing solutions for population groups at
       different stages of life, from the perspective of family size and economic situation,
       and ensures a sustainable neighborhood.


KEY CONCERNS
   1. This project, whose ultimate goal is to revive Bat Galim as a whole, begins from
       the weakest point. This is a realistic starting point that recognizes the failed
       attempts at the gentrification of some of the unique resources of Bat Galimโ€”the
       housing facing the coastal strip. The poor image of the neighborhood is definitely
       part of the reason for the failure of these attempts. This project identifies the
       unwell "wall of public housing developments", at the meeting point of the city and
       the neighborhood as one of the main reasons for this poor image and recognizes
       its renewal as key to the revival of Bat Galim as a whole, and its unique resources.
   2. The plan recognizes the wasted potential of the wide strip of "the railroad tracks
       reserved land" and the economic incentive required for its redevelopment, while
       simultaneously the need in distinguishing between active urban spaces (like the
       beach promenade and coast) and local spaces. . The plan creates an area for local
       activity along the strip of space that exists between the building line and the
       railroad, and offers the use of commercial pre-fabricated buildings as well as
       provides an acoustic barrier from the train tracks. This type of construction allows
       for the immediate utilization of these areas with the suitable possibility for the
       needs of future train track expansion.
   3. A variety of physical solutions, including the usage of pre-fabricated mobile
       homes that allow for the immediate utilization of rooftops.
   4. Coping with the stages of plan implementation-The variety of solutions enable the
       immediate tackling of the development of the neighborhood, not only in terms of
       the planning process but also in its actual implementation. The plan takes these
       different solutions into account not only in terms of their final product, but also in
       the required processes of their implementation, from this, it is possible to activate
       different measures in each section of the neighborhood that will improve its
       image, and will contribute to ripening the conditions for attracting a stronger
       population to a newly rehabilitated area.



                                                                                               2
โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ                                                        โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ
"โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ                                              โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                           โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ




                              INTRODUCTION
                              The Course
                              This report is a culmination of graduate work in the course of
                              Studio 2 - Neighborhood Planning in the Spring semester of the
                              2009-2010/5770 academic year at the Technion โ€“ Israel Institute
                              of Technology.
                              Introduction to Bat Galim and Our Plan
                              Bat Galim is one of the only neighborhoods in Israel that is at
                              sea-level and has a directly accessible shoreline. Located in the
                              northwest of the city of Haifa, Bat Galim was the first neighbor-
                              hood to be built in the cityโ€™s modern history. Planned by Bau-
                              haus-style Architect Richard Kaufman as a garden city in 1921,
                              the neighborhood continued to develop in the days of the early
                              immigration waves before the establishment of the state. During
                              the later immigration waves of the 1950s and 1960s,
                              immigrant public housing was built along the railroad tracks in
the southern part of the neighborhood.

Image 1. National, Municipal and Neighborhood Maps of Israel, Haifa, & Bat Galim
Sources: (Municipality of Haifa n.d.) and (Survey of Israel n.d.)

In this work, we present a neighborhood renewal plan for this southern region of immi-
grant public housing. The plan attempts to maintain the character and unique style of the
neighborhood in terms of the building types, their forms and historical roles as well as
supply a variety of housing types to attract a diverse population at different points in life
to create a more heterogeneous population. This plan envisions the neighborhood as a so-
cially and communally sustainable neighborhood and will try to co-anchor a major devel-
opment that will be a catalyst for the strengthening of the entire neighborhood with the
help of resident participation and the municipality. The proposed renewal is different than
most projects such as clearing and building (pinui uโ€™binui) or a typical neighborhood re-
newal project (shikum shehunot), rather, it aims to incorporate principles of sustainable
development that encourage a balance between conservation and new development and
building addition and demolition. Through thinking of the neighborhoodโ€™s advantages

                                                                                                   3
โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ                                                 โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ
"โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ                                       โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                    โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ

such as its real estate potential, walking proximity to the beach, abundant green space and
vegetation growth ability, buildings under preservation, character and history, it is a
neighborhood rich with potential. All of the elements of real estate re-awakening exist in
the future plans for the neighborhood and will help raise the public consciousness of the
neighborhood as a place that will become more attractive to live in: the plan to move the
naval training base and replace it with a new neighborhood, the strengthening of the
Rambam Medical Center, and the plan to turn over all of Retsif Margolin into a board-
walk. However, the greatest challenge to the redevelopment of the neighborhood is really
the process and timing it will take in order for real change to take place, the sources of
funding, and methods of implementation and construction. The plan will also try to sug-
gest economic means for implementation while working within the statutes set by the au-
thorities for the treatment and promotion of the neighborhood.




                 Image 2. The View of the Neighborhood from the East
                                  Source: (Rappaport 2010)




                                                                                            4
โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ                                               โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ
    "โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ                                     โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                      โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ



URBAN & REGIONAL BACKGROUND OF THE
    PLANNING SYSTEM
Existing & Filed Plans
There are numerous national outline plans and historical plans that have historically im-
pacted and created what Bat Galim is today. However, currently there are seven existing
plans for the neighborhood, of which details are readily available, and two additional
plans that are lesser known.


1. 2177
This plan was divided into two sub-plans: 2177b and 2177c. The implementation of โ€cโ€ is
planned to take place preceding that of โ€œbโ€. Also known as Benny Isaacโ€™s plan, the name
of the planโ€™s developer, it is promoted by the Israel Lands Administration, and is for the
redevelopment of the Naval Training Base, the Egged Central Bus Station and train sta-
tion complexes.


2177c The first part suggests the redevelopment of the 170-dunam area of the Naval
Training Base. 165-dunam will be a new neighborhood with 1000 housing units, a beach-
side boardwalk and a boulevard with street-side apartment buildings between 7-8 floors
high and interior apartment towers with 20 floors
.
2177b This later part is for the redevelopment of the Egged Central Bus Station and
                               Train Station complex into a High-Tech Industrial center
                               (including plan 2094 that calls for a gas station). The plan is
                               for a multi-purpose development including offices, R&D,
                               health services, storage and housing. Also included is a pe-
                               destrian trail with parks leading along the coast, outside of
                               the neighborhood to the Mt. Carmel ridge and connecting
                               with the Bahai Gardens. This plan would further open up
                               Bat Galim, and our target area in particular, to pedestrian
                               traffic that is likely to be tourism-based.
                               Image 3. Benny Isaacโ€™s 2177 Plan


                                                                                               5
โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ                                                  โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ
"โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ                                        โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                     โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ

Source: (Rappaport 2010)
2. 1901c
Plan 1901c is for the development of the 1000 sq. m Allenby Interchange. This has the
goal of opening up traffic flow to the neighborhood on the western edge of HaAliyah
HaShniya St. near Hecht Park, the Yotvata Restaurant and the adjacent funicular. The
plan also includes the addition of a new sail clubhouse, storage space and a restaurant as
well as the demolition of some existing buildings along Surferโ€™s Beach.
Negative Impacts:          Impact on viewpoint between the sea and mountain, a large struc-
ture within 15 m of the seashore, creation of potential noise hazards, aesthetics and air
pollution in the neighborhood, and is liable to increase automobile traffic congestion.
Positive Impacts:          Improve accessibility for the neighborhood and the beach, open
motor vehicle movement inside the neighborhood in the direction of the interchange, e
                                                                                    en-
courage the development of the western side of the neighborhood and the area of the i
                                                                                    in-
terchange, turn HaAliyah HaShniya St. into a main bidirectional artery from its current
stagnant single exit/entrance status.
                                                  3. 1718c
                                                  Plan 1718c proposes the 11
                                                                          11-floor, 5000
                                                  sq. m, 38-unit Verona Hotel in the wes
                                                            unit                     west-
                                                  ern edge of the neighborhood on currently
                                                  undeveloped land between the Yotvata
                                                                 d
                                                  Restaurant, the seaside boardwalk of Re
                                                                                       Ret-
                                                  sif Pinchas Margolin, and the western end
                                                  of HaAliyah HaShniya Street.
                                                  Image 4. Plan 1901c Allenby Interchange
Source: (Rappaport 2010)




4. 2032a
Although only adjacent to Bat Galim, this plan is included because it will bring more ou
                                                                                      out-
side attention to the general area possibly raising housing prices and adding traffic to the
area. This is for the addition of 400 500 housing units and public green s
                                  400-500                                space around the
Kiryat Eliezer Stadium on the southern side of Sderot HaHagana opposite the Egged Bus
Station complex.


                                                                                               6
โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ                                                โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ
"โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ                                      โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                   โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ



5. 1481c
Approved in 2009, this plan will widen streets, add a 20-floor building and more parking
space to the Rambam Medical Center.
Traffic impact: Will rid the southeastern side of the neighborhood of some its current
parking crowdedness and potentially bring in more traffic to the neighborhood.


6. 2084
Approved in 2007, for the new 7-floor, 35-unit, Beit Hassan Hotel on Retsif Pinchas
Margolin between Sderot Bat Galim, Avdimi St. and HaSharon St.


7. 1602b
This plan improves upon the current boardwalk, redefining Retsif Pinchas Margolin as a
complete pedestrian boardwalk across the entire street, preserving buildings along Retsif
Pinchas Margolin and taking away beachside parking.


โ€ข   2098 plans a Yotvata Hotel and Restaurant
โ€ข   TAMA 13/3/a is the city of Haifa Seafront Western Port Plan promoted by the Interior
    Ministry, it plans to move and expand the Haifa Port northward along the coast, open-
    ing up more seashore southeast of Bat Galim.


Most of these plans either propose new development using current buildings that will be
demolished or using undeveloped land. Many of these plans focus on the neighborhoodโ€™s
seaside location to encourage tourism. Notably, none of these plans for redevelopment
include keeping existing structures and adding-on or filling-in within the current built en-
vironment.
Of the above listed plans, most are likely to indirectly and not significantly impact our
section of Bat Galim. The only clearly visible impact is increased traffic within the
neighborhood overall. The plans likely to have direct impact on our section are Benny
Isaacโ€™s 2177 plan and plan 1910c for the Allenby Interchange.




                                                                                            7
โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ                                                        โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ
"โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ                                              โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                           โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ


DEFINITION OF THE PLANNING AREA
26% of Bat Galimโ€™s population is over the age of 65 and 17% below 17 years of age, this
means that there are 1.5 times more elderly than youth residing in Bat Galim (Source:
Public Services Microsoft PowerPoint 2010 presentation by Dan Berkowitz and Nir Ben-
Simon, March 26, 2010). Furthermore, many of these residents are recent immigrants
from the FSU, have low socio-economic status and reside within old buildings with small
apartments.
Since most planning work in the neighborhood focuses on the seafront side, our group felt
that the district furthest from the sea would be neglected from the average plannerโ€™s eye.
Likewise, our district is one of the least attractive in the neighborhood and we felt that C.
Kingsleyโ€™s saying โ€œA chain is only as strong as its weakest linkโ€ was applicable here. Bat
Galimโ€™s weakest link needs to be helped first in order for the rest of the neighborhood to
be improved. Despite the Bat Galim Egged Central Bus Station complex being said to
have the lowest level of attraction, as will be discussed, due to the focus of this course
being on social-communal planning at the neighborhood level our group decided to not
start renewal work with this complex because it serves a municipal purpose, and not a
neighborhood one, and is physically cut-off from the neighborhood due to its location
across the train tracks. Therefore, it was decided that the best site for our project is the
public housing apartments area between HaAliyah HaShniyah and the train tracks be-
cause it is part of the neighborhood and has social-communal issues to be dealt with.
The neighborhood of Bat Galim can be segmented into housing and development districts
based on a hierarchy of attractiveness as is seen in the colorful map below.




                               โ€ซื”ืงืœืขื™ื ืืœื™ืฉืขโ€ฌ
                                        โ€ซื”ื—ื™"ืœโ€ฌ                โ€ซืฉืจืœ ืœื•ืฅโ€ฌ

Image 5. Attractiveness Hierarchy of Bat Galimโ€™s Housing and Development Districts
Sources: Google Maps with the assistance of Microsoft PowerPoint 2010 (Beta)




                                                                                                   8
โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ                                                 โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ
"โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ                                       โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                    โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ

Explanation of the Hierarchy
Red - The most attractive district is the area of the seashore, the boardwalk, Retsif Pin-
chas Marglin, the Yotvata Restaurant and its nearby surrounding undeveloped area, the
much contested future Allenby Interchange area and the first block of housing inland that
gain their attractiveness from their relative proximity to the beach. This is where 4 out the
7 existing plans for the neighborhood are located.


Orange - Second to this district is the Naval Training Base (aka Bahad). Due to its cen-
tral location in the neighborhood and beachside property, this area is not attractive be-
cause of its current land use but gains desirability because of its redevelopment potential,
once the base is moved elsewhere. The Bahad is not quite at red level because it has not
yet moved and the exact date when the land will be available is unknown.


Salmon - The third-level attractive district is the housing on Bat Galim Blvd., the first
couple of blocks inland from the sea along HaSharon Street and the undeveloped land
across from the Elisha-HaAliyah HaShniya St. intersection and next to the Absorption
Center. The housing along Bat Galim Blvd. acquires its desirability from being on an aes-
thetically pleasing boulevard and having direct view of the sea but is not at the orange
level because of the Casino cement structure and the buildings along the street entrance
with closed storefronts. The HaSharon St. area achieves its lure for its being nearby the
beach, but not across the street from it, its physical sense of community from being sur-
rounded by housing, and its distance from the loud and busy HaAliyah HaShniya St.
However, HaSharon St. does not reach the orange level because it is not seen as having a
high redevelopment value.


Yellow - The fourth area has a mediocre level of attractiveness. This is the housing on the
western and eastern sides of the Naval Training Base that gets a view of a cement wall
with barbed wire on the top and yet is still not so far from the seashore and the Rambam
Medical Center as well as the areas that includes Efron, the northern side of Sharl Luts as
well as Nahalal, Yaโ€™akov Kaspi, Yonatan, the southern side of Shikmona, Pinat Gan, the
tall apartment buildings behind the HaAliyah HaShniya shopping center and HaAliyah
HaShniya streets. These places get much of the impact on air and noise quality from mo-
tor vehicle traffic on HaAliyah HaShniya, but the housing is relatively well-kept.

                                                                                            9
โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ                                                      โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ
"โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ                                            โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                         โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ



Green - The fifth area is part of the less attractive districts of housing and development.
This is the area on the southern side HaAliyah HaShniya, around Heil HaYam, Aliyat
Hano'ar, HaKelaim, Rahaf, and the train tracks. The public housing apartments in this
area have not been kept well, their apartments are small in a market that values bigger
apartments, bushes and other greenery have been let grow to the proportion that they take
over public spaces, and car parking has become an art of creative domination of public
spaces and walkways.


Blue - The currently least attractive area in Bat Galim is the development between the
train tracks and HaHagana Blvd. containing the derelict Bat Galim Egged Central Bus
Station complex. While this area remains neglected, its potential for redevelopment gives
it an added and different kind of attraction that it shares with the Naval Training Base, but
since it stand at a busy intersection and not at walking distance to the beach it falls in the
lower level of attraction.




                                    Image 6. Our Planning Area
            Sources: Google Maps with the assistance of Microsoft PowerPoint 2010 (Beta)




                                                                                                10
โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ                                                  โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ
"โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ                                        โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                     โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND TO OUR PLAN
Our plan is based on certain principles and conceptual themes of Sustainable Develop-
ment (aka. SD). The theoretical goal of our plan is to create an intergenerational socially
sustainable area. While SD consists of multiple principles and conceptual themes, our
plan aims to achieve the stated goal through implementing the concepts of intergenera-
tional equity and eco-form as well as the conceptual themes of sustainable transportation,
density and diversity that make up sustainable urban forms1 & 2.
Concepts
Intergenerational equity is the principle that resources need to be managed responsibly in
order to ensure their use for present and future generations. This directs this plan to cate-
gorize and brand each housing area so that people in different situations of life can find a
home therein. Whether one is single or living with someone, starting a family, already has
a family, or is retired, there is a housing area for someone at any status in life to reside in
our plan.
Eco-form means design of the built environment that decreases pollution and improves
energy efficiency. This is exemplified in our plan through minimal building destruction
and new construction of energy efficient new buildings in the Ramban Center area, rather
than destroying numerous buildings and creating lots of trash, as well as the network of
open green spaces for pedestrians and bicyclists throughout the district that help to en-
courage people to live environmentally-friendly lifestyles.


Sustainable Urban Form Themes
Diversity is a variety of land uses, building density, housing type, ownership and architec-
tural style, household size, population age, cultures and household income. This theme
exists throughout our plan. Our plan aims to increase building density in certain areas,
change in architectural styles in the Rambam Towers area, designate housing for the el-
derly, families, singles and young couples to reside in and increase the variety of house-
hold income in the area.
Sustainable Transportation means taking into account the social and environmental costs
of all modes of transportation and balancing the needs of mobility supply, safety, access
and environmental quality. In practice this theme equates to reducing the need for private
car mobility and motor traffic, and improving the provision of energy-efficient and envi-
ronmentally friendly transportation modes that includes walking and bicycling. While our

                                                                                            11
โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ                                                 โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ
"โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ                                       โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                    โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ

plan doesnโ€™t call for changes in existing public transportation services, it has a strong fo-
cus on reducing the need to drive a car and improving walking and bicycling in Bat Ga-
lim.
Density means having a sufficient quantity of people residing in an area to create a high
people-to-physical area ratio that can lead to social interactions, urban functions as well
as energy consumption. This theme is exemplified within our plan through the use of the
energy conservation policies of increasing urban density, providing a variety of easily us-
able and accessible transportation modes and restraining the supply of automobile infra-
structure. Our plan calls for a great increase in residents without an equal increase in
supply of parking spaces for cars and works to improve the supply of pedestrian and bi-
cycle infrastructure so that residents and visitors can travel through the area without the
need for an automobile.




                                                                                           12
โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ                                                   โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ
"โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ                                         โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                      โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ

UNDERSTANDING THE STRENGTHS AND
WEAKNESSES OF BAT GALIM AND OUR TARGET ARE
The following chart outlines the โ€œSWOTโ€ analysis and presents the existing positive and
negative aspects of the area, and uses these points as a springboard for understanding
future potentials and risks. The analysis will begin with the area of Bat Galim as a whole,
and will then branch out into the specifics of our target neighborhood and the sections we
have divided them into.
BAT GALIM
Existing Strenths
Housing-Bat Galim's housing is affordable.
Economy- Located near the Rambam hospital, Bat Galim serves as a go-to destination for
visitors and workers.
Transportation-Bat Galim is easily accessible by public transportation, being situated on
main bus lines, and having itโ€™s own train stop.
Public Space and Environment-Bat Galim is located on the sea-front, not a common
characteristic for an Israeli neighborhood. Its strategic positioning between the sea and
the Carmel mountains make it an ideal location for an urban area. Additionally, Bat
Galim offers a balance between the urban and the natural, in that it features a lot of green,
including the tree-lined boulevard of Sderot Bat Galim as well as green open spaces
between buildings. Many of these spaces include benches and playgrounds and serve as
resting spots for the elderly as well as play areas for children.
Urban Design-A unique characteristic of Bat Galim is that the essence of its construction
is that of a mixed-land-use neighborhood. Unlike most neighborhoods in Israel, living in
Bat Galim does not require a car because of the close proximity of functions and services
to one another. Housing is not spread out over large roads, rather it is arranged in blocks,
similar to those of the Village in Manhattan. One can live on the same block as their
childโ€™s school and a grocery store while still living nearby a hospital, as well as living by
the water. Many residential blocks in Bat Galim are also built in a way similar to typical
European housingโ€”buildings are situated in a way that they are accessible from the
street, but also feature spaces that serve as โ€œinner courtyardsโ€. These spaces serve as
places of retreat within this urban neighborhood.




                                                                                             13
โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ                                                    โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ
"โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ                                          โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                       โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ

Existing Weaknesses
Housing-The housing in Bat Galim is in poor condition. A combination of low quality
materials paired with a purely utilitarian aesthetic set Bat Galimโ€™s overall appearance
back into the mid-20th century. Given the state of its buildings, the area gives off an aura
of neglect.
In addition, space is being used inefficiently. Many apartments are only occupied
by 1-2 people. Bat Galim remains a place for older clientele and is therefore not providing
an adequate location for younger generations to settle down.
Economic-Because of the low housing prices, Bat Galim continues to attract low-
socioeconomic residents, lowering the economic bracket for the area. Because of this, the
area gets little attention in terms of funding from the Municipality.
In addition, other than the Rambam Hospital, Bat Galim does not include other
revenue points. Its commercial function is limited given there are very few stores and
offices.
Transportation-Bat Galim is missing adequate and legally outlined parking. Because of
this many walking areas are congested with parked cars.
Public Space and Environment-Bat Galim is untidy. There are numerous areas used for
the depositing of old furniture and garbage. This is both unhealthy as well as ungainly.
This, coupled with its situation next to hospital waste present an unsanitary environment.
Bat Galim is also lacking cultural landmarks that serve to ground a community as
well as raise its self-awareness, pride and education levels.
Opportunities
Housing-Bat Galimโ€™s housing is functional. Because of the buildingsโ€™ close proximity to
each other as well as well as the functional nature of them, the housing lays the
foundation for a light renovation. Its simple nature opens up the possibility for creating a
number of different apartment types that can serve various age brackets.
Economy-In addition to Bat Galim being situated right next to a hospital, which can
provide work for varying socio-economic levels, the existing future plans calling for Bat
Galimโ€™s beautification could mean increased funding for the area as well as the potential
for new waves of more financially-secure residents.
Transportation-Given the increasing global encouragement on public transportation and
walkability, Bat Galim lays the foundation for the neighborhood of the twenty-first



                                                                                              14
โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ                                                   โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ
"โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ                                         โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                      โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ

century. It is completely feasible to traverse its coordinates entirely by foot, and it is
located along main bus lines and the Israel Rail.
Public Space and Environment-Bat Galim has a number of ideal features for a
successful urban neighborhood. It is flat and completely walkable. Given its situation
between the sea and the mountains, it has the potential to act like an urban oasis.
Bat Galimโ€™s building formats have the foundations already laid out for functional
public spaces. The spaces located behind and in between buildings mean that the space is
already outlined for better public use and that drastic plans donโ€™t need to be draw up to
designate new open areas.
Threats
Housing-The state and uniformity of Bat Galimโ€™s housing poses a threat to its absorption
of younger and more financially secure residents. Because of its monotony and similarity
to many poorer neighborhoods Bat Galimโ€™s buildings stand the risk of being utterly
neglected. Their already poor state poses a threat to both current residents and the
economic health of the neighborhood.
Economy-Bat Galimโ€™s lackluster feel could mean that it will never serve as a location for
new business.
Transportation-Bat Galimโ€™s parking problems could cause ever-increasing levels of
congestion in areas that are meant for walking or sitting. Because Haifa is comprised of
networks of large roads, the difficulty of getting oneโ€™s car in and out of Bat Galim could
mean Bat Galim being virtually cut off from the rest of Haifa.
Public Space and Environment-If Bat Galim continues to be neglected financially and
environmentally, it could continue to decay into a waste site. This could affect the quality
of life for Bat Galim residents physically as well as mentally. An unkempt neighborhood
causes decreased community morale and respect for oneโ€™s neighborhood.
Urban Design-Many buildings have been abandoned and are in poor condition, included
architectural treasures that are reserved as landmark sites. These buildings could risk
collapse in the future as well as create a poor reflection on the neighborhood.




                                                                                             15
โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ                                                 โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ
"โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ                                       โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                    โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ

OUR TARGET AREA
Existing Strengths
Housing-The housing in our area is functional and affordable.
Transportation-Our area especially is accessible by public transportation, and is flat and
entirely walkable.
Public Space and Environment-There are many open spaces located between buildings,
providing an "escape" from the street. Additionally, the area is filled with greenery.
Existing Weaknesses
Housing-The housing is in poor condition and the density is low. Additionally, there are
many illegal add-ons as well as free-standing constructions that are overlooked.
Economy-Our area serves a low-income bracket and therefore little money is poured into
the neighborhood.
Transportation- The path leading from the Bat Galim train stop weaves through the
courtyard of a number of residences, turning it into a thoroughfare during post-train-
arrival times. Furthermore what are supposed to be pathways and open areas are being
used for parking.
Public Space and Environment-The open spaces between buildings look accidental, and
there is little seating area. The spaces are untamed, grown over with weeds, wire and
trash.
Opportunities
Housing-Because of the simple design of the buildings in our area, it is feasible to be able
to repair and expand them, allowing for more residents.
Economy-The neighborhood's location next to the train gives it the potential of reaping
from future projects.
Transportation-With more stores and services added to the neighborhood, the walkable
nature of the target area could mean a totally convenient location to live. In addition, with
a strengthened neighborhood and future residents, the location along main bus and train
lines could make our neighborhood an ideal place to settle down while being able to
access work as well.
Public Space and Environment-Out target area contains the blueprint for a successful
community layout. It is possible to trace a path leading from its beginning to its end,
making it conducive to communal interaction. It includes within its structure, open spaces



                                                                                           16
โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ                                                 โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ
"โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ                                       โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                    โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ

and greenery, meaning that no large-scale construction would be required to clean the
area up and make it more functional and desirable.
Threats
Housing-Like many low-income neighborhoods in Israel, the types of buildings that
comprise our target area are dated and in poor condition and run the risk of abandonment,
as well as the risk that current and prospective residents may choose to live in newer,
better-maintained housing.
Economy-Because our target area is not included in the plans that have been drawn up
for Bat Galim, our area could become completely financially neglected, making it into a
sort of slum.
Transportation-Because there is little parking availability, our neighborhood will
continue to become congested with parked cars, making what is actually a walkable area
into a cramped neighborhood that is not feasibly traversable by foot.




                                                                                           17
โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ                                                   โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ
"โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ                                         โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                      โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ

OUTLINING OUR VISIONS AND GOALS:
HOW SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT WORKS FOR OUR
TARGET AREA
We have divided the goals for our plan into three core elements: Sustainability,
Sense of Community, and Economic Rejuvenation.
We see the concept of sustainability as a capacity whose foundations are already
laid in our target area, as well as a vision that would serve as a treatment to the existing
ills of our target area. Our neighborhood already includes space-saving housing, public
spaces, green, and the potential for increased walkability. We know that these
characteristics can be refined through improving the quality and functionality of the
already-existing housing and making way for a densification and diversification of
housing sizes, allowing for the introduction of more residents and younger age brackets to
the area.
A Sense of Community is something we feel is necessary to carry a neighborhood
into the twenty-first century. Coupled with the concept of sustainability, a neighborhood
of the future does not merely have to do with the physical nature of an area, but also with
the nature and inclusion of the neighborhoodโ€™s residents. Not only does an increased
sense of community have positive psychological ramifications on individual community
members, it also creates strength in numbers, meaning the potential for creating change
when a need for change is felt.
Given our target areaโ€™s location within the neighborhood of Bat Galim, we see
potential in encouraging the areaโ€™s awareness of the locationโ€™s history. Awareness of the
history of oneโ€™s home creates pride and respect, and this can in turn lead to increased care
and involvement in local decision-making. In addition to public programs and
advertisement, one of the ways we plan on promoting a sense of community is through
the preservation of the general nature of the residences. Light construction will serve as
an improvement to what is already there, creating a sense of pride without the feeling of
unfamiliarity to those who have already been living there. Refining the public spaces
between buildings, cleaning them up and enhancing their appearance is included within
our goal of encouraging communal engagement.
The backbone required to carry out our plans for sustainability and sense of
community is an economic rejuvenation of our target area. The basis of this will be in the
commercial strip we have planned for the area between the train and the residences. The

                                                                                               18
โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ                                                โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ
"โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ                                      โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                   โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ

location of this strip will serve both the community and the passengers from the train. The
idea is to bring economic activity to this economically stagnant neighborhood through
employment, business and municipal opportunities.
The second branch of our economic rejuvenation plan is to increase the value of
the real estate. By improving the housing, we hope to encourage investments in the
neighborhood as well as more economically stable residents.
The following chart outlines the components of our three core goals:




                                                                                          19
โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ                                                   โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ
"โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ                                         โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                      โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ

THE PRINCIPLES OF OUR PLAN


The essence of our plan is based upon many of the principles of both Sustainable
Development and New Urbanism.
One of the central threads of sustainable development is the idea that a
neighborhoodโ€™s infrastructure can service not only its current residents but also its future
residents. Our plan is designed to cater toward the comings and goings of various age
brackets, featuring specific areas that will be relevant to people in different points in their
lives. Given this attention to a smooth transition between age range and living space, the
entire building plan of our project is constructed around the idea of graduality. Rather
than employ a mass evacuate-destroy-build method, we would prefer a more organic
development for our neighborhood since one of our goals is to maintain the current
population while attracting newer waves as well. We would like to keep the neighborhood
functioning during the transition period, and feel strongly about not making a large
building site out of our neighborhood. Instead, we plan to use โ€œlight buildingโ€ to
strengthen buildings, expand the number of apartments through in-fill and floor additions,
and create a more appealing aesthetic.
We have divided our target area into sections, each one serving a specific
residential purpose. Together, each of the sections integrates like the pieces of a puzzle, to
form a neighborhood that serves each stage in the life cycle. We feel that a neighborhood
designed using an all-inclusive approach requires a strong entrance as well as a financial
backbone, this being the commercial strip we have created for the gateway to our
neighborhood.
Stringing together Sustainability and New Urbanism is an emphasis on
community. Lewish Mumfordโ€™s attention to forming a relationship between residents and
the places they live was a crucial influence for the social branch of our plan. Raising the
density within our neighborhood and encouraging walkability are factors that can create a
sense of community, and counter the general layout of the rest of Haifa, a city that
strongly exemplifies urban sprawl. Mixed housing and mixed resident type, higher
density and walkability are New Urbanist principles that we have kept in mind in our
planโ€™s design.




                                                                                             20
โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ                                                 โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ
"โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ                                       โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                    โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ

Influenced by Mumfordโ€™s ideas about sense of community and place attachment
we also focused strongly on street life. In addition to the public spaces we have included
within the residential areas, our commercial strip serves a purpose alongside its economic
importance. In her book The Death and Life of Great American Cities Jane Jacobs posits
that one of the keys to urban life and safe city streets are shops. With the promenade of
shops and cafรฉs, our commercial area will serve as a catalyst for neighborhood interaction
and a general sense of living in a โ€œneighborhoodโ€. Keeping with our aversion from heavy
building, we chose to compose the commercial section of prefabricated buildings that are
easy to deposit on the building site.




                                                                                            21
โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ                                                โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ
โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช"โ€ฌ                                      โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                   โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ

                                                                            โ€ซืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื“.โ€ฌ

โ€ซืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ: ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื”ืขืœื™ื” - ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืœืคืกื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช. ื–ื” ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจโ€ฌ
                  โ€ซื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืฆื‘ื ื”ืคื™ืกื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื, ืชื ืื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื”.โ€ฌ
โ€ซื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื›ืจืฆืฃ ืฉืœ ืžืจืงืžื™ื ื–ื”ื™ื "ืคืื–ืœ" ืืฉืจ ื™ืงื•ืฉืจ ื‘ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืงื•ืช,โ€ฌ
                                                                  โ€ซืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื•ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ืงืคื™ื™ื.โ€ฌ
       โ€ซื‘ื›ืœ ืžืชื—ื ื–ื•ื”ื• ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉื•ื ื” ืœืคื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืจืฆื•ื™ ืœืื•ืชื• ืžืชื—ื.โ€ฌ
โ€ซื”ืฉื˜ื— ื—ื•ืœืง ืœืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžืชื—ืžื™ ืžืฉื ื”, ื›ืœ ืžืชื—ื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืคื™ืกื™ืช, ื”ื•ืกืคืชโ€ฌ
              โ€ซืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช, ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื•ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžื ื—ื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื—.โ€ฌ
โ€ซื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื•ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—, ืฉืชืขืฉื” ื‘ืžื ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื‘ื ื™ืโ€ฌ
โ€ซื•ืžืงื‘ืฆื™ื, ืชื•ืš ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืžื™ื ื™ืžืืœื™ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืžื”ืœืš ื—ื™ื™ื ืชืงื™ืŸ. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸโ€ฌ
โ€ซืฉืžื‘ื•ื“ืจ ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืืจื•ื›ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืœ -01 ื™ืชื›ื ื• ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื™ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ื•ื™ืื™ืฆื• ืืช ืคื™ืชื•ื—โ€ฌ
                                                                              โ€ซื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื”.โ€ฌ


   โ€ซืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช: ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื› -0001 ื™ื—"ื“, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”, ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืคื™ืกื™, ืฉื“ืจื•ื’โ€ฌ
                                                                    โ€ซืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื.โ€ฌ
  โ€ซื‘ื™ื ื•ื™: ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžื ืกื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฆื•ืจืชื ื”ื”ื•ืžื•ื’ื ื™ืช ื•ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื, ืขื ื—ืฆืจื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื,โ€ฌ
                                                   โ€ซืžืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื.โ€ฌ
  โ€ซื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช: ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ืขื™ืžื ืžื ืกื” ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ื”ื™ื ื ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืกืœ ืฉืœ ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ืื• ื›ืœื™ืโ€ฌ
โ€ซื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื, ืœื”ื•ืกืคืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช, ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ืžืคืชื—โ€ฌ
                                       โ€ซืฉื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชื—ืžื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื”.โ€ฌ
โ€ซืฉืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช" ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืจืฆืฃ ืื•ืจื‘ืื ื™ ืืฉืจ ืžื›ื™ืœ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื•โ€ฌ
                          โ€ซืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืขื ืชืชื™ ืžืชื—ืžื™ื ื”ื•ืžื•ื’ื ื™ื™ื.โ€ฌ


                                                                 โ€ซื”ืžืชื—ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื• ืœืคื™ืชื•ื—:โ€ฌ
                                                      โ€ซ1. ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ืจืžื‘"ื โ€“ ืื–ื•ืจ ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™โ€ฌ
                                                    โ€ซ2. ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืกื ื˜ืจ โ€“ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืœืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ืโ€ฌ
                               โ€ซ3. ืฉ.ืฆ.ืค. ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™ โ€“ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื—ื ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืœื‘ื™ื”"ื— ื•ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื”โ€ฌ
                                              โ€ซ4. ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืš โ€“ ื“ื’ืฉ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                         โ€ซ5. ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ืขืœื™ื™ื” โ€“ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชโ€ฌ
                                                     โ€ซ6. ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื’ื“ื” โ€“ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืงื”ื™ืœื”โ€ฌ
                                  โ€ซ7. ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืžื•ื’ืŸ ื’ืœื™ื โ€“ ื”ืกื‘ืช ืžืขื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ืžื•ื’ืŸ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™โ€ฌ
                         โ€ซ8. ืื–ื•ืจ ืžืกื—ืจื™ ืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืœืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช โ€“ ื—ื™ืฅ ื‘ื™ื• ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืœืžืกื™ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื–ืœโ€ฌ


โ€ซื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืžืคื•ืช ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ืžืชื—ื, ืคืจื•ื’ืจืืžื” ื›ืžื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื”, ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™, ืฉื˜ื—ื™ืโ€ฌ
    โ€ซืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืฆืจื›ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืœืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื” ืืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ืโ€ฌ
                                       โ€ซื”ืžื•ืฆืขื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉื”.โ€ฌ
                                                                                           โ€ซ22โ€ฌ
โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ                                                โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ
โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช"โ€ฌ                                      โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                   โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ

                                                               โ€ซืžืชื—ืžื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ืฆืขื™ื.โ€ฌ
                                                           โ€ซ1. ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ืจืžื‘"ื โ€“ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™.โ€ฌ
                                      โ€ซื”ื›ื ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžืชืืจ ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช ืœื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืœื”ืœืŸ "ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช":โ€ฌ
โ€ซื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžื˜ืจืชื” ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืข"ื™ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœ 5 ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ 4-3 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื.ื”ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ื›ื™ื•ืโ€ฌ
โ€ซ57 ื™ื—"ื“, ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ 5 ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ 51 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ื—ื“ 053 ื™ื—"ื“, ืื–ื•ืจ ื–ื” ื™ื—ื“ ืขืโ€ฌ
                     โ€ซื”ืฉื˜ื— ืœืžืกื—ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื• ืืช ื”ืžืคืชื— ืฉื™ื ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื•.โ€ฌ
โ€ซื”ืื–ื•ืจ ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืœืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื•ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืชื‘ื•ื ืœืฉื›ื•ื ื”, ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชโ€ฌ
                                  โ€ซืชืฉืชืœื‘ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื‘ื”"ื“ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ืื•ืคื™ื™ ื•ื ืคื—.โ€ฌ
โ€ซื”ื“ื’ืฉ ื™ื ืชืŸ ืขืœ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืชื•ืš ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ื ื•ืฃ ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืคืจืฅ ื—ื™ืคื”, ื”ื ืžืœ, ื”ื™ื ื•ืžืขืจื‘ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ืžื•ืจื“ื•ืชโ€ฌ
                                                                     โ€ซื”ื›ืจืžืœ ื•ืกื˜ืืœื” ืžืืจื™ืก.โ€ฌ


                                                                       โ€ซ2. ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืกื ื˜ืจโ€ฌ
โ€ซืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ื‘ื™ื”"ื— ืจืžื‘"ื, ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฉื›ืจื” ืืจื•ื›ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืœืžื‘ื ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉืžืฉื• ื›ืžืขื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืื•โ€ฌ
                     โ€ซื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื›ืจื”, ืœืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื”ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื” / ืื—ื™ื•ืช / ืกื™ืขื•ื“.โ€ฌ
         โ€ซื”ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืงื•ืžื•ืช, ืขื“ ืืจื‘ืข ืงื•ืžื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื.โ€ฌ
โ€ซื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ 3 ื—ื“ืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืขื ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื—ื“ืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืขื ืžืงืœื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืžื•ืชืืžื™ืโ€ฌ
โ€ซืœืกื˜ื•ื ื“ื˜ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืขื ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื•ื—ื“ืจ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ, ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืกื‘ื• ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืœื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื•ืฆืขื™ืจื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                โ€ซืฉื™ืจื›ืฉื• ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื.โ€ฌ
โ€ซื”ื›ืคืœืช ื™ื—"ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืž- 291 ื™ื—"ื“ ืœ- 484 ื™ื—"ื“, ื”ื•ืกืคืช ื’ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ืœื’ื™ืœืื™ 3 โ€“ 6 ืฉื™ืงืœื•ื˜ ื™ืœื“ื™ืโ€ฌ
                                            โ€ซืžื”ืžืชื—ืžื™ื ื”ืฉื›ื ื™ื ื•ื™ื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”.โ€ฌ
โ€ซื”ืคืขืœืช ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืคืจ"ื— / ื•ืื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™ืช ืœืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื•ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” , ื”ืขืฉืจื”โ€ฌ
                 โ€ซืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ืช, ืชื’ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ืžืชืŸ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืขื–ืจ ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœืžื’ืœืช ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื”.โ€ฌ


                                                                    โ€ซ3. ืฉ.ืฆ.ืค ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ
โ€ซืžืชื—ื ืฉืœ ื› โ€“ 01 ื“ื•ื ื ืืฉืจ ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื—ืœืง ืžืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื”"ื“ ืฉืœ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื™ื–ืง. ื”ืžืชื—ื ื”ื™ื ื• ื”ื—ืœืงโ€ฌ
                                  โ€ซื”ืžืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื—ื ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืœื‘ื™ื”"ื— ืจืžื‘"ื, ื•ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื.โ€ฌ
โ€ซื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืฉืฆ"ืค ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืžืขื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™, ืœื’ืŸ ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™ ื”ืžืกืคืง ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื™ืœื”. ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชื›ื ืกื•ืชโ€ฌ
                                โ€ซื•ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ืžืชืงื ื™ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืœืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช, ืจื—ื‘ืช ื“ืฉื ื•ื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื”.โ€ฌ
                              โ€ซื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื™ื›ื”, ื”ืฆืœืœื” ืชืื•ืจื”, ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืคื™ื ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืœื•ืช ืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”.โ€ฌ
                                      โ€ซื”ื•ืกืคืช ืžืชืงื ื™ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืžืชืงื ื™ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื.โ€ฌ
     โ€ซื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืฆืžื—ื™ื™ื” ื”ืงื™ื™ืžืช, ื’ื™ื–ื•ื ืขืฆื™ื, ื•ืฉื™ื—ื™ื, ื”ื•ืกืคื” ื•ื”ืกืจื” ืฉืœ ื’ื“ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื” ืขืฆื™ ืฆืœ ื•ืจื—ื‘ืช ื“ืฉื.โ€ฌ




                                                                                           โ€ซ32โ€ฌ
โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ                                                 โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ
โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช"โ€ฌ                                       โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                    โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ

                                                                        โ€ซ4. ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืšโ€ฌ
      โ€ซื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื™ืคื•ืชื— ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืชื•ืš ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื” ืœื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™.โ€ฌ
โ€ซื”ืžืจื•ื•ื— ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื, ื”ืขืžื“ืชื ื•ืฆื•ืจืชื. ื”ื“ื’ืฉ ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœืžื‘ื ื™ื, ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื•ืื™ื—ื•ื“โ€ฌ
                              โ€ซื“ื™ืจื•ืช, ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ื, ืชืื•ืจื” ืฆืžื—ื™ื™ื” ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ืงืคื™ ื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช.โ€ฌ
โ€ซื”ืžืชื—ื ืžื›ื™ืœ 21 ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืขื ื› -051 ื™ื—"ื“, ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื• 2 ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื, ืฉื™ื›ื•ื ื™ ืจื›ื‘ืช ืขื 2 โ€“ 3โ€ฌ
                โ€ซื›ื ื™ืกื•ืช ืœืžื‘ื ื”. ื•ืฉื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ 4 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ืขื ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืื—ืช ืฉืชื™ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืงื•ืžื”.โ€ฌ
โ€ซื”ื›ืคืœืช ืžืก' ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ, ืชืขืฉื” ืข"ื™ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืงื•ืžื•ืช, ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืงื•ืžืช ืงืจืงืข ืขื ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื, ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืชโ€ฌ
                                                                                      โ€ซืœืžื‘ื ื™ื.โ€ฌ
   โ€ซื™ื—ื•ื–ืง ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ืข"ื™ ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื—ืฆืจื•ืช ืื—ื”"ืฆ, ื”ื•ืกืคืช ื—ื•ื’ื™ื ื•ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืฉืจื” ื‘ืขืจื‘.โ€ฌ
โ€ซื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืžืขืžื“ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืข"ื™ ื—ืกื•ืช ืฉืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืœืจืคื•ืื”, ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                      โ€ซื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื›ื—ื•ื ื›ื™ื, ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื” ื•ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืฉืœืžื”.โ€ฌ


                                                                      โ€ซ5. ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ืขืœื™ื™ื”.โ€ฌ
โ€ซืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžื›ื™ืœ 5 ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ 8-7 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ื› -041 ื™ื—"ื“ ื•ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืกื—ืจื™. ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ื ื™โ€ฌ
โ€ซืฉื ื•ืช ื”-08 ื”ืžืื—ืจื•ืช, ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉ ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื”, ืขื ืžืงืœื˜ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืžืขืœื™ื•ืชโ€ฌ
                                                                      โ€ซื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืกื“ืจื•ืช.โ€ฌ
โ€ซื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžื™ื™ืขื“ืช ืืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื "ืœ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช, ืžืฆื™ืขื” ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืžื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ 8 ืงื•ืžื•ืช, ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื”โ€ฌ
                               โ€ซื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ ืฉืชื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ืจื—ื‘ืชื• ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืœืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืงื•ืžื” ื ื•ืกืคืช.โ€ฌ
โ€ซื”ืžืชื—ื ื›ื™ื•ื ืžื’ื•ื“ืจ ื•ื‘ืขืœ ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืื—ืช, ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžืฆื™ืขื” ื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžืชื—ื, ืžืคืœืก ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืจืืฉื™ ืืฉืจโ€ฌ
                        โ€ซื™ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘, ื•ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืœืงื™ ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื”.โ€ฌ
                         โ€ซื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื™ื ืชืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืœืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช, ืžื“ืจื›ื•ืช ืฆืžื—ื™ื™ื”, ืชืื•ืจื” ื•ืคื™ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”.โ€ฌ


                                                                 โ€ซ6. ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื’ื“ื”โ€ฌ
โ€ซืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืงื”ื™ืœื”, ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ื ื™ ื”ืฆื‘ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื– ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืจ. ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžืฆื™ืขื” ื”ื•ืกืคืช 3-2 ืงื•ืžื•ืชโ€ฌ
                                        โ€ซืœืžื‘ื ื™ื, ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื—ื–ื™ืชื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื—ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช.โ€ฌ
โ€ซื”ื•ืกืคืช ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ืœืžื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ืžืขืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืจื—ื‘ ืžื•ื’ืŸ ืงื•ืžืชื™, ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืžืขื˜ืคืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืฆื•ืจืชื”โ€ฌ
                                                                     โ€ซืชื”ื™ื” ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.โ€ฌ
โ€ซื”ืžืชื—ื ืžื›ื™ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื 41 ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืขื ื›- 002 ื™ื—"ื“ ื“ื™ื•ืจ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ื›- 001 ื™ื—"ื“โ€ฌ
โ€ซื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœืžืชื—ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืœืคื™ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                             โ€ซื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื.โ€ฌ
โ€ซืžืชื—ื ืฉืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืืš ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืคืจื‘ืจื™ืช, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื‘ื ื™โ€ฌ
โ€ซืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ,ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืขื ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื”, ืžืกืคืจ ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉืืจ ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœืกื™ื‘ื™ื”, ื—ืฆืจื•ืชโ€ฌ
โ€ซื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื•ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื. ื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืœืคืชื— ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื•ืžื•ื’ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื”,โ€ฌ
                                       โ€ซื”ืžื–ื“ื”ื” ืขื ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ,ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช, ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื•ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.โ€ฌ




                                                                                           โ€ซ42โ€ฌ
โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ                                               โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ
โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช"โ€ฌ                                     โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                  โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ



                                                                     โ€ซ7. ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืžื•ื’ืŸ ื’ืœื™ืโ€ฌ
โ€ซืžืชื—ื ื”ืžื›ื™ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืจื›ื– ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ื•71 ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื›- 002 ื™ื—"ื“. ื•ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืืช ืงืฆื” ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœโ€ฌ
โ€ซืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžื˜ืจื”. ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžื™ื™ืขื“ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืชื—ื ืœื›ืคืจ ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ืžื•ื’ืŸ ืœืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืืฉืจ ื™ื›ื™ืœ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื“ื™ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ
         โ€ซืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืขืฆืžืื™ื™ื, ื•ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืื• ื—ื“ืจื™ื ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืื• ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื™ื.โ€ฌ
โ€ซื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืžื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื› -001 ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืจ ื›ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืžื•ื’ืŸ. ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื•ื”ืชืืžืช ื›ืœ ื™ื—"ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจโ€ฌ
                                                                         โ€ซืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื”ื‘ื•ื’ืจืช.โ€ฌ
โ€ซืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื’ืŸ ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืœื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื”ื, ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืชืชื—ื™ืœ ื™ืจื™ื“ื”โ€ฌ
โ€ซื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ื ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™ ื•ื”ืงื•ื’ื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื™ื•ืงืžื• ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื™ื•ืงื ื•ื‘ืžืจื›ื–โ€ฌ
                                                                                   โ€ซื”ืงืœื™ื˜ื”.โ€ฌ
โ€ซื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื™ื™ื ืชืŸ ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืžืขืœื™ื•ืช, ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื•ืžื“ืจื›ื•ืช, ื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื,โ€ฌ
                                                              โ€ซืชืื•ืจื”, ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืฆืœืœื”.โ€ฌ



                                                  โ€ซ8. ืื–ื•ืจ ืžืกื—ืจื™ ืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืœืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช.โ€ฌ
โ€ซืžื—ืชื ื”ืžืฉืชืจืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืกื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืœืฉื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื, ื ืžืชื— ืžืชื—ื ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื•ืขื“ ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื›ืคืจ ื”ืžื•ื’ืŸ. ื”ืžืชื—ืโ€ฌ
                                                โ€ซืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืขื™ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชื—ืžื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื.โ€ฌ
โ€ซืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ืงืžืช ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื™ื”ื•ื• ื—ื™ืฅ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืกื™ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืœืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื, ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ืโ€ฌ
โ€ซื™ื”ื™ื• ืขื ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื ืคืชื—ืช ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช, ืฉืชืืคืฉืจ ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืชื™ ืงืคื” ื•ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช ืœืื•ืจืšโ€ฌ
                                                                                 โ€ซื”ืฆื™ืจ.โ€ฌ
โ€ซื”ืžืชื—ื ื™ืคืชื— ื›ื ื™ืกื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ืœืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืœื‘ืื™ื ืžืชื—ื ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื•ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื™ื•ื˜ื‘ืชื”โ€ฌ
                                                                          โ€ซื•ื”ื˜ื™ื™ืœืช.โ€ฌ




                                                                                         โ€ซ52โ€ฌ
โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ                                                 โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ
โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช"โ€ฌ                                       โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                    โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ

                                                      โ€ซืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช:โ€ฌ

                         โ€ซืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืชื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื™ื“ ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื.โ€ฌ


                                                 โ€ซื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืชืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืืคื™ืงื™ื :โ€ฌ
โ€ซ1. ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื•ืœ ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ื—ื™ืคื” ืœืคื™ ืžื•ื“ืœ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ืจืžื‘"ื )ืจืื” ื ืกืคื— ืžืงืจื” ื—ืงืจโ€ฌ
       โ€ซืฉื›ื•ื ืช ืจืžื‘"ื(,ื”ื›ื ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืกื˜ื˜ื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื‘ืกืกื•ืช ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช. ื”ืงืฆืืชโ€ฌ
                                      โ€ซืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืข"ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื”.โ€ฌ
        โ€ซ2. ื”ืงืžืช ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื. ื‘ืฉืœืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื, ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืจื•ื•ื—ื”, ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ืขื•ื“.โ€ฌ
           โ€ซ3. ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื•ืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื, ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ ื ื‘ื—ืจ ื•ืื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื”.โ€ฌ


                                                                                   โ€ซื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื:โ€ฌ
  โ€ซ1. ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื•ืœ ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ื—ื™ืคื” ืœืคื™ ืžื•ื“ืœ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ืจืžื‘"ื )ื ืกืคื— ืžืก ' 1(. ืขืœ ื”ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“โ€ฌ
   โ€ซืขื ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ืœืขื–ืจืชื ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื”, ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืœืžืืžืฅโ€ฌ
      โ€ซืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื›ืจื™ื– ืขืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื›ืฉื˜ื— ืœืฉื™ืงื•ืโ€ฌ
                                                      โ€ซืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื™ืงืฆื” ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืœื ื•ืฉื .โ€ฌ
 โ€ซื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืชืงื“ื ื•ืชืชืขืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืžื—ืœืฃโ€ฌ
โ€ซืืœื ื‘ื™, ื”ืžืฉืš ื•ืฉื“ืจื•ื’ ื”ื˜ื™ื™ืœืช, ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืžื“ืจื›ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื, ื’ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื’ื™ื–ื•ื, ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชโ€ฌ
                                                         โ€ซืกืคืกืœื™ื ืชืื•ืจื” ืฉื™ืœื•ื˜ ื•ื›ื•ืœื™.โ€ฌ
โ€ซื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืชืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื”ื›ื ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ื›ืฉื˜ื— ืœืฉืžื•ืจื” ืœืžืกื™ืœืชโ€ฌ
   โ€ซื”ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื›ืžื—ื–ื™ืงืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ืชื”ื™ื™ื” ืฉื•ืชืคื” ื‘ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™, ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขืชโ€ฌ
                                                       โ€ซื”ืชืžื”ื™ืœ ืื•ืคื™ ื•ืกื•ื’ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื .โ€ฌ
    โ€ซื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ื•ืช ื™ืกื™ืขื• ื‘ื”ื›ื ืช ืชืกืงื™ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ื”ื—ื•ื›ืจื™ื, ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชโ€ฌ
           โ€ซื•ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืื• ื”ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืฉื™ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื”.โ€ฌ
  โ€ซ2. ื”ืงืžืช ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืขืžื•ืชืช ืžืจื—ื‘ )ืจืื” ืืชืจ โ€ช(miu.org.ilโ€ฌโ€ฌ
          โ€ซื”ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ื™ื›ืœืœื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืžืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื, ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื, ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื, ืื ืฉื™โ€ฌ
    โ€ซืืงื“ืžื™ื”)ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ(, ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ื™ื, ื›ืœื›ืœื ื™ื, ื™ื–ืžื™ื, ืกื•ืฆื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื,โ€ฌ
 โ€ซืคืขื™ืœื™ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”, ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืขื•"ื“, ืฉืžืื™ื ื•ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื”ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ื™ื‘ื ื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืคืจื˜ื ื™ืชโ€ฌ
                                      โ€ซื‘ื›ืœ ื ื•ืฉื ืืฉืจ ืชืชื’ื‘ืฉ ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช ื›ื•ืœื”.โ€ฌ
    โ€ซ3. ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื•ืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื: ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืžื”ืœืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืื—ืช ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืขืโ€ฌ
      โ€ซืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืื• ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื”ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื ืชโ€ฌ
โ€ซื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœืžืžืกื“ ื•ืœืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ื™ืกื™ื™ืขโ€ฌ
โ€ซืœื”ืคืจื™ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื•ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื™ืœ , ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                        โ€ซืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื›ื•ืœื•.โ€ฌ

        โ€ซืื•ืžื“ืŸ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื•ื’ื™ื•ืก ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื™ืขืจื›ื• ืฆืขื“ ืฆืขื“ ืœืคื™ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื—.โ€ฌ


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โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ                                                        โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ
   โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช"โ€ฌ                                              โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                              โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ

    โ€ซื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ื”ื›ื ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืกื˜ื˜ื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื™ืžื•ื ื, ืื™ืฉื•ืจื ื‘ื•ืขื“ื•ืชโ€ฌ
             โ€ซื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืœืคื•ืขืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื "ืœ:โ€ฌ

                                    โ€ซืจืฆ"ื‘ ื˜ื‘ืœืช ืื•ืžื“ื ื™ื ืžืžื•ืฆืขื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžืชื—ืžื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื:โ€ฌ
                   โ€ซืฉื•ื ื•ืชโ€ฌ          โ€ซืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸโ€ฌ        โ€ซืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืชโ€ฌ         โ€ซืžืฆืื™ ืงื™ื™ืโ€ฌ                       โ€ซืžืชื—ืโ€ฌ
  โ€ซืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืชืงื•ืคื”โ€ฌ          โ€ซืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžืฉื‘ื™ื—ื”โ€ฌ        โ€ซื”ืงืžืช 053 ื™ื—"ื“โ€ฌ     โ€ซ57 ื™ื—"ื“ ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœโ€ฌ      โ€ซืžื’ื“ืœื™ ืจืžื‘"ื ืคื™ื ื•ื™โ€ฌ
  โ€ซืฉืœ ืขื“ 63 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœื—ืœืงโ€ฌ            โ€ซื”ืžื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืืชโ€ฌ        โ€ซื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืขืชื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœโ€ฌ           โ€ซ000,004 โ‚ชโ€ฌ                   โ€ซื‘ื™ื ื•ื™โ€ฌ
  โ€ซืžื”ืžืชืคื ื™ื ืžื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื›-โ€ฌ            โ€ซื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืคื™ -6โ€ฌ          โ€ซื› -ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ โ‚ช,โ€ฌ    โ€ซื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื”โ€ฌ
   โ€ซ0052 โ‚ช ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ืชโ€ฌ      โ€ซืžืชืŸ ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชโ€ฌ        โ€ซืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ
                   โ€ซื“ื™ื•ืจ.โ€ฌ    โ€ซืžืก ืœื™ื–ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชโ€ฌ                 โ€ซื•ืฉื•ื ื•ืชโ€ฌ
   โ€ซืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื—ื ื™ื•ืŸโ€ฌ          โ€ซื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื™ื“โ€ฌ
         โ€ซืื’ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื˜ืœื™ื.โ€ฌ
   โ€ซืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื“ื™ืจื™ืโ€ฌ        โ€ซืชืž"ื 83, ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืชโ€ฌ      โ€ซื”ืงืžืช 291 ื™ื—"ื“โ€ฌ      โ€ซ291ื™ื—"ื“ ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™โ€ฌ              โ€ซื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืกื ื˜ืจโ€ฌ
  โ€ซืฉื™ืชืคื ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืฆื™ื.โ€ฌ          โ€ซืœื”ื•ืกืคืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชโ€ฌ      โ€ซื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืขืชื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸโ€ฌ   โ€ซืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ 003 โ€“ 005โ€ฌ
    โ€ซืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื”"ื—,โ€ฌ                   โ€ซื‘ื ื™ื™ื”.โ€ฌ    โ€ซ008 ืืœืฃ - ืžืœื™ื•ืŸโ€ฌ          โ€ซโ‚ช ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื”โ€ฌ
       โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื”โ€ฌ     โ€ซืžืขื ืงื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื.โ€ฌ                      โ€ซโ‚ชโ€ฌ
      โ€ซืœืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื”.โ€ฌ
    โ€ซื‘ื”ืงืžืช ืคืืจืง ื”ื›ื˜ 57โ€ฌ       โ€ซืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ื—ื™ืคื” ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃโ€ฌ         โ€ซื› -1 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ โ‚ชโ€ฌ   โ€ซืคืืจืง ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™ ืฉืœโ€ฌ             โ€ซืฉ.ืฆ.ืค ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ
  โ€ซื“ื•ื ื ื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” 01โ€ฌ       โ€ซืขื ืงืจืŸ ืื• ืขืžื•ืชื”โ€ฌ                               โ€ซื›- 01 ื“ื•ื ืโ€ฌ
     โ€ซืžืœื™ื•ืŸ โ‚ช ืชืจื•ืžื” ืžืงืจืŸโ€ฌ                โ€ซืœื”ื ืฆื—ื”โ€ฌ
   โ€ซื”ื›ื˜.)ืืชืจ ืขื™ืจื™ืช ื—ื™ืคื”(โ€ฌ
  โ€ซืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื™ืจื™ืโ€ฌ                 โ€ซืชืž"ื 83โ€ฌ        โ€ซื”ืงืžืช ื›-051โ€ฌ           โ€ซื›- 051 ื™ื—"ื“โ€ฌ           โ€ซืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืšโ€ฌ
     โ€ซืฉื™ืชืคื ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅโ€ฌ       โ€ซืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืชโ€ฌ          โ€ซื™ื—"ื“ ื ื•ืกืคื•ืชโ€ฌ    โ€ซื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื“ 005โ€ฌ
         โ€ซืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืชโ€ฌ         โ€ซืœืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”.โ€ฌ      โ€ซื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืขืชื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœโ€ฌ     โ€ซืืœืฃ โ‚ช ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื”.โ€ฌ
โ€ซืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืขืœื™ื” ื•ื”ื•ืกืคืชโ€ฌ          โ€ซื™ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืงื‘ืœื ื™ืโ€ฌ      โ€ซืžืœื™ื•ืŸ โ‚ช ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื”โ€ฌ
               โ€ซื’ื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื.โ€ฌ   โ€ซืฉื™ืžื›ืจื• ืืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืชโ€ฌ
                                       โ€ซื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืชโ€ฌ
   โ€ซืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืคื™ืชื•ื—โ€ฌ         โ€ซืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืชโ€ฌ       โ€ซื”ืงืžืช ืžื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸโ€ฌ     โ€ซืฉื˜ื— ืงืจืงืข ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸโ€ฌ             โ€ซืžื’ื“ืœื™ ืขืœื™ื™ื”โ€ฌ
    โ€ซืžืคืœืก ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืžืชื—ืโ€ฌ             โ€ซืœืžื‘ื ื” ื—ื“ืฉ.โ€ฌ            โ€ซื›- 03 ื™ื—"ื“.โ€ฌ               โ€ซื—ื“ืฉโ€ฌ
                    โ€ซื›ื•ืœื•.โ€ฌ      โ€ซื™ื–ื ืฉื™ืชื›ื ืŸ ื™ื‘ื ื”โ€ฌ       โ€ซืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื”ืงืจืงืขโ€ฌ
                             โ€ซื•ื™ืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ        โ€ซื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื”โ€ฌ
                                                         โ€ซื”ืžืกื—ืจื™โ€ฌ


 โ€ซื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืจโ€ฌ     โ€ซื™ื–ื ืงื‘ืœืŸ ืฉื™ื‘ื ื” ืืชโ€ฌ       โ€ซื”ืงืžืช 021 ื™ื—"ื“โ€ฌ        โ€ซื› โ€“ 012 ื™ื—"ื“โ€ฌ          โ€ซืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื“ื’ื”โ€ฌ
    โ€ซื—ื–ื™ืชื•ืช, ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ืโ€ฌ       โ€ซื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœืžื‘ื ื™ืโ€ฌ         โ€ซื ื•ืกืคื•ืช, ืื™ื—ื•ื“โ€ฌ    โ€ซื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›- 005โ€ฌ
                โ€ซื•ืกื’ื ื•ื ื.โ€ฌ     โ€ซื•ื™ืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ        โ€ซื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ืกืคื•ืชโ€ฌ      โ€ซืืœืฃ โ‚ช ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื”โ€ฌ
                                                           โ€ซืžืขืœื™ื•ืช.โ€ฌ


โ€ซืžืฉื ืช 1002 ืžื ื”ืœืช ืขืžื™ื’ื•ืจโ€ฌ      โ€ซื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸโ€ฌ    โ€ซื”ืงืžืช ืžื‘ื ื” ื ื•ืกืฃโ€ฌ        โ€ซื›- 001 ื—ื“ืจื™ืโ€ฌ           โ€ซื“ื™ื•ืจ ืžื•ื’ืŸ ื’ืœื™ืโ€ฌ
 โ€ซ15 ื‘ืชื™ ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืžื•ื’ืŸ, ื‘ื›ืœืœืโ€ฌ       โ€ซืขืžื™ื’ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืกื‘ื• ืืชโ€ฌ         โ€ซืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื’ืŸ,โ€ฌ      โ€ซื‘ืžืขื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื™ืโ€ฌ
 โ€ซ32 ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉื”ื•ืกื‘ื•โ€ฌ        โ€ซื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ื™ื•ืจโ€ฌ          โ€ซื”ืกื‘ืช ืžืขื•ืŸโ€ฌ         โ€ซื•ืขื•ื“ 76 ื™ื—"ื“โ€ฌ

                                                                                                     โ€ซ72โ€ฌ
โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ                                                    โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ
   โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช"โ€ฌ                                          โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                          โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ

              โ€ซืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ืžื•ื’ืŸ.โ€ฌ               โ€ซืžื•ื’ืŸ.โ€ฌ           โ€ซื”ืขื•ืœื™ืโ€ฌ


โ€ซื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื—ื™ืฅ ืืกื˜ื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื ื•ืŸโ€ฌ       โ€ซื™ื–ืžื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ืโ€ฌ        โ€ซื™ืฆื™ืจืช โ€ชBuferโ€ฌโ€ฌ      โ€ซืฉื˜ื— ืงืจืงืข ืจื™ืงโ€ฌ               โ€ซืžืกื—ืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ื™โ€ฌ
โ€ซื•ืื—ืจื™ื• ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื” ืงืœื”โ€ฌ       โ€ซื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ืจื›ื‘ืชโ€ฌ     โ€ซืคื™ืกื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืกื™ืœื”โ€ฌ     โ€ซื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืกื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืชโ€ฌ
       โ€ซืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืœืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช.โ€ฌ     โ€ซื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื”.โ€ฌ          โ€ซืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื.โ€ฌ      โ€ซืœืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื.โ€ฌ
                                                  โ€ซื”ืงืžืช ืžื“ืจื—ื•ื‘โ€ฌ
                                                       โ€ซื•ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช.โ€ฌ


                                                            โ€ซ1. ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื” 000,1 $ ืœืž"ืจโ€ฌ
  โ€ซ2. ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืœื“ื™ื™ืจ ืฉื™ืชืคื ื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™, ื•ืื• ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ 0052- 0003 โ‚ช ืœื™ื—' ืœืžืฉืšโ€ฌ
                                                                          โ€ซืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ 63 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.โ€ฌ




                                                                                                    โ€ซ82โ€ฌ
โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ                                                     โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ
"โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ                                           โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                        โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ

THE COMMERCIAL STRIP AS ECONOMIC GENERATOR
AND COMMUNAL CATALYST
Our commercial strip is the economic and social binder of our project.
Economically, the area will provide employment, business opportunity and increased real
estate value to the area.
On a social level the promenade will provide the neighborhood with a c
                                                                     center. The
area will serve as a place of convenience in that it will include a variety of shops, and will
also act as a meeting place. Its pedestrianized character makes it safe for children, and
also conducive to social interaction. This will enhance the overall spirit of the shikunim,
bringing life to the neighborhood. Over time this location can be used as a place for the
display of public art as well as a location for public events.
The commercial strip will be built of prefabricated buildings. These constructions
                                                                     constructions
are inexpensive and are largely assembled in a factory, rather than on site. This kind of
construction suits our plan because it means less building and also minimized
construction time. Additionally, prefabricated buildings will give the prome
                                                              give     promenade a
modern, sleek aesthetic, enlivening the area.
A number of things to know about pre
                                 pre-fabricated buildings:
Cost: Usually between $35 to $100 per square foot
Materials: Aluminum, steel, wood, fiberglass and concrete (all sustainable materials)
            luminum,
Some examples of pre-fabricated building being used for commercial purposes:
                     fabricated




How the assembly looks:




                                                                                               29
โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ                                                       โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ
"โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ                                             โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                          โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ



The following is a sample project proposal we would present to potential investors:


Image Sources
http://blogs.walkerart.org/offcenter/wp-content/offcenter/FF_82_prefab3_f.jpg




         DNA
       projects


Land Development Project Proposal: DNA Projects (Dan, Nir and Anaelle) will meet all
your needs and goals to develop the currently unused area between the train tracks and the
housing into a vibrant commercial promenade.


The Objectiveโ€ฆ
Develop land owned by the municipality, located in Bat Galimโ€™s South, between the train station
and the housing blocks.
โ™ฆ Need #1: Permits and licenses from the municipality.
โ™ฆ Need #2: Investment money to complete the development.
โ™ฆ Need #3: Contractor familiar with prefabricated building.


The Opportunityโ€ฆ
To change a currently low-cost, high-potential area into a financially rewarding, lively space.
โ™ฆ Advantage #1: Little investment money is required to finance this low-cost project that
utilizes low-budget construction options.
โ™ฆ Advantage #2: Gain revenue from neighborhood residents and train passengers.
โ™ฆ Advantage #3: Invest in low-priced residential real estate along the strip whose value will
increase in the future.


The Solutionโ€ฆ
Hire DNA Projects to plan this development strategy.
โ™ฆ Goal #1: Create a strip of shops and cafรฉs running along a pedestrianized promenade.
โ™ฆ Goal #2: Utilize pre-fabricated building for the construction.
โ™ฆ Goal #3: Raise value of residential real estate located nearest to the strip.




                                                                                                  30
โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ                                                โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ
โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช"โ€ฌ                                      โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                   โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ



                                                                โ€ซืกื™ื›ื•ื ื•ืžืกืงื ื•ืชโ€ฌ

    โ€ซื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืขืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื•, ืžื ืกื” ืœืชืช ืื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ื ืืฉืจ ื™ื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืชโ€ฌ
    โ€ซืœืฉื›ื•ื ื”. ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื "ืœ ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืžื•ืงื“ื™ื, ืชื•ืš ืžืฆื™ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ืโ€ฌ
                                               โ€ซื•ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื•ื• ืืช ื”ืžืคืชื— ืฉืžื ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš.โ€ฌ
           โ€ซื”ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ืข ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื ื• ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื’ืŸ, ืฉื™ืžืฉื•ืš ืืœื™ื• ืืชโ€ฌ
  โ€ซื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจืช ืฉืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื”. ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืืคืฉืจื•ืชโ€ฌ
                                                             โ€ซืœื”ืชื—ืœืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื.โ€ฌ


โ€ซื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืžืกืคืจ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืœืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”, ื›ืืฉืจโ€ฌ
        โ€ซื‘ื›ืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื•ืฆืขื™ื ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช, ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื•ืกื•ื’ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                    โ€ซื”ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื, ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ื›ื•ืœื™.โ€ฌ


        โ€ซืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื“ืจื” ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื• ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืจืฆื•ืขื” ื™ืจื•ืงื” ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืืชโ€ฌ
                                     โ€ซื”ืžืชื—ืžื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืื–ื•ืจ ืžืกื—ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉืจืช ืฉืชื™ ืžื˜ืจื•ืช:โ€ฌ
        โ€ซ1. ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืœืฉื›ื•ื ื” + ื˜ื™ื™ืœืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืขื ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืงื ื™ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ื™.โ€ฌ
                                    โ€ซ2. ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ื—ื™ืฅ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืกื™ืœืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื•ืฉื™ื›ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื.โ€ฌ


โ€ซืื ื• ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื•ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ืขื ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช,ืขื™ืจื™ืช ื—ื™ืคื”, ืจื›ื‘ืชโ€ฌ
    โ€ซื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื™ื–ืžื™ื, ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื•ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ืœืงโ€ฌ
 โ€ซืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ. ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื•ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื›ื•ืœื•, ืžื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™โ€ฌ
                                                                           โ€ซื•ืขื“ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ.โ€ฌ


                                                                              โ€ซืžืกืงื ื•ืช:โ€ฌ
โ€ซื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืชืฆื ืœืคื•ืขืœ, ื•ืื›ืŸ ืชืชืจื—ืฉ ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืœืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื ื•ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื‘ื“ืšโ€ฌ
        โ€ซื”ืžื•ืฆืขืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื•. ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืชื”ืคื•ืš ืœืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื—ื™ืคื”.โ€ฌ
         โ€ซื”ื™ื ืชืฆื™ืข ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช, ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื, ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืื™ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื”.โ€ฌ
 โ€ซืžื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืœ 6 โ€“ 8 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื—ืžื™ื ืขื ื—ืฆืจื•ืช ื ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื, ืžืขืจืš ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืงื•ืžืคืงื˜ื™โ€ฌ
                                                โ€ซื”ืžืชื›ื ืก ืœื—ืฆืจื•ืช ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื•ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื™ืงืคื™ื™ื.โ€ฌ
  โ€ซืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ื•ืงืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ืคืจื™ืข ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืชืงื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื”, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจโ€ฌ
    โ€ซืžื˜ืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืคื™ืชื•ื— ื™ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืื–ื•ืจ. ื™ืฉ ืœืชืช ื“ื’ืฉ ืจื‘ ืœืชื–ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืชโ€ฌ
                                                          โ€ซืœื”ื ื™ืข ืื•ืชื ื•ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื ืœื”ืชื‘ืฆืข.โ€ฌ
  โ€ซื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ืงืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื ื™ืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ื”ื ืœืื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื›ื ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืื• ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืขืโ€ฌ
 โ€ซื™ื–ืžื™ื ืื• ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข, ื”ื ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืื• ื”ื–ืจื–ื™ื ืฉื™ื’ืจืžื• ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื”, ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชื—ืžื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ืโ€ฌ
  โ€ซืœืคื™ ืžืฆื‘ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื›ืœื›ืœื™, ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™, ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ? ื”ืื ื™ืจื›ืฉื• ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืื• ื™ืฉื›ืจื• ? ืžืชื™ ื”ืโ€ฌ
                                                                                   โ€ซื™ืขื‘ืจื• ?โ€ฌ

                                                                                          โ€ซ13โ€ฌ
โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ                                             โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ
โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช"โ€ฌ                                   โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ

  โ€ซื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืขื ื”ืชื—ื–ืงื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื”, ื•ื”ืื™ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงื•ื ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™, ื˜ื•ืคื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื•ืืงืœื™ื ื”ื™ื ืชื”ืคื•ืšโ€ฌ
   โ€ซืœืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืคื”. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืฉื•ื›ื ืช ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื™ื ื›ืคื™โ€ฌ
                                                                   โ€ซืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจื” ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™.โ€ฌ

     โ€ซื‘ืขื•ื“ ื›ืขืฉื•ืจ ืžื•ืฆืข ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื•, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื—ืœืงืŸ ื™ืžื•ืžืฉื•.โ€ฌ
                     โ€ซืœื”ืชืื™ืžื” ื•ืื• ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื™ืกืคืงื• ืžืขื ื” ืœื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.โ€ฌ




                                                                                       โ€ซ23โ€ฌ
โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ                                               โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ
"โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ                                     โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                  โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ

                                                                           โ€ซื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื”โ€ฌ

Jabareen, Y. "A New Conceptual Framework for Sustainable Development."
Environment, Development and Sustainability, July 9, 2006: 179-192.


Jabareen, Yosef Rafeq. "Sustainable Urban Forms: Their Typologies, Models and
Concepts." Journal of Planning Education and Research, 2006: 38-52.


Jacobs, Jane. The Death and Life of Great American Cities. Modern Library (February 9,
1993)


Mumford, Lewis. The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects.
Mariner Books; 1968.


Waugh, Dave C., "Buying New Urbanism: A Study of New Urban Characteristics that
Residents Most Value" (2004).Applied Research Projects. Paper 22.




        โ€ซืžืžื•ืกื“ ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ืงื”. ืžื•ืกื“โ€ฌ       โ€ซืขืฆืžื™ ืœืขื•ืžืช ืฉื™ืงื•โ€ฌ      โ€ซื›ืจืžื• , ื . ื’ื‘ืจื™ืืœื™, ืช. ืฉื™ืงื•โ€ฌ

                                                                      .1982 , โ€ซืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ืืžโ€ฌ



     โ€ซืœืจืž , ืข. ืชื“ืจื™ ืชื›ื ื• ืœื”ืงืฆืืช ืงืจืงืข ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื”ืžื›ื• ืœืžื—ืงืจ ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— )ืžืฉืจื“โ€ฌ

                                                                  .2005 โ€ซื”ืคื ื™ ( ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจโ€ฌ



        (โ€ซื‘ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™, ืื•ื ' ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ )ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ืชโ€ฌ       โ€ซืคืจื ืง, ืค. ืฉื™ืชื• ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™โ€ฌ




                                                                                         33
โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ                                                โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ
"โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ                                      โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                   โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ

Municipality of Haifa. GIS Internet Site of the Engineers of of Haifa.
http://147.236.237.40/website/gis55/gis-net.asp?citycode=4000 (accessed July 25, 2010).


Survey of Israel. Israel Geospatial Information Portal.
http://www.govmap.gov.il/viewer.asp (accessed August 31, 2010).


http://www.futurist.com/2008/08/12/future-of-sustainable-affordable-housing-a-prototype


http://www.buildingsguide.com/


http://arnona.co.il/magazine/vol-18/batia.html               โ€ซืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ืžื™ืกื™ื ื•ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ, ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืžื•ื’ืŸโ€ฌ


                                                                          โ€ซื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ
http://israelaffordablehousing.blogspot.com/2010/03/blog-post_21.html


                                                          โ€ซืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ
http://shout.co.il/org/org.asp?orgId=1630&visitOrgUrl=www.miu.org.il/MIU_v4/index.ht
ht


Rappaport, Ruti. Bat Galim - 13. Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation, Haifa: Department
of City Planning, 2010.



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http://www.busyboo.com/wp-content/uploads/prefab-home-spacebox-5.jpg


http://www.inhabitat.com/wp-content/uploads/pumaretail_prefab.jpg


http://www.sustain.ca/downloads/PICS/200912WIDE/12WIDE-TOP-S.jp

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Bat Galim - Sustainable Neighborhood for All Generations, Haifa Neighborhood Renewal Plan
Bat Galim - Sustainable Neighborhood for All Generations, Haifa Neighborhood Renewal Plan
Bat Galim - Sustainable Neighborhood for All Generations, Haifa Neighborhood Renewal Plan
Bat Galim - Sustainable Neighborhood for All Generations, Haifa Neighborhood Renewal Plan
Bat Galim - Sustainable Neighborhood for All Generations, Haifa Neighborhood Renewal Plan
Bat Galim - Sustainable Neighborhood for All Generations, Haifa Neighborhood Renewal Plan
Bat Galim - Sustainable Neighborhood for All Generations, Haifa Neighborhood Renewal Plan
Bat Galim - Sustainable Neighborhood for All Generations, Haifa Neighborhood Renewal Plan
Bat Galim - Sustainable Neighborhood for All Generations, Haifa Neighborhood Renewal Plan
Bat Galim - Sustainable Neighborhood for All Generations, Haifa Neighborhood Renewal Plan
Bat Galim - Sustainable Neighborhood for All Generations, Haifa Neighborhood Renewal Plan
Bat Galim - Sustainable Neighborhood for All Generations, Haifa Neighborhood Renewal Plan
Bat Galim - Sustainable Neighborhood for All Generations, Haifa Neighborhood Renewal Plan
Bat Galim - Sustainable Neighborhood for All Generations, Haifa Neighborhood Renewal Plan

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Bat Galim - Sustainable Neighborhood for All Generations, Haifa Neighborhood Renewal Plan

  • 1. โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ 2 โ€“ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืช โ€“ ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช"โ€ฌ โ€ซื“ื•"ื— ืกื•ืคื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช: ืคืจื•ืค' ืจื—ืœ ืงืœื•ืฉโ€ฌ โ€ซืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ื•ืžืชื›ื ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื ื™ืงื™ ื“ื•ื™ื“ื•ื‘โ€ฌ โ€ซืจื•ืื” ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืชื›ื ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื“ื•ืจื•ืŸ ืงืื•ืคืžืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื:โ€ฌ โ€ซืื ืืœ ืื˜ื™ืืกโ€ฌ โ€ซื“ืŸ ื‘ืจืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅโ€ฌ โ€ซื ื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ - ืกื™ืžื•ืŸโ€ฌ
  • 2. โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช"โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืชื•ื›ืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืขืž' 2-1โ€ฌ โ€ซ........................................................โ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ชESSENC OF OUR PLANโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืขืž' 4-3โ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช...................................................................... INTRODUCTIONโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืขืž' 7-5โ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช................................... URBAN & REGIONAL BACKGROUNDโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ชOF THE PLANNING SYSTEMโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืขืž' 01-8โ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช.................................... DEFINITION OF THE PLANNING AREAโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืขืž' 21-11โ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช....................... THEORETICAL BACKGROUND TO OUR PLANโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืขืž' 71-31โ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช..............................................................................................S.W.O.Tโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืขืž' 91-81โ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช................................... OUTLINING OUR VISIONS AND GOALSโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืขืž' 12-02โ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช..................................................THE PRINCIPLES OF OUR PLANโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืขืž' 22โ€ฌ โ€ซืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื“ ...........................................................................................โ€ฌ โ€ซืขืž' 52-32โ€ฌ โ€ซืžืชื—ืžื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ืฆืขื™ื.............................................................................โ€ฌ โ€ซืขืž' 82-62โ€ฌ โ€ซืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ......................................................................โ€ฌ โ€ซืขืž' 03-92โ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช...THE COMMERCIAL STRIP AS ECONOMIC GENERATOR ANDโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ชCOMMUNAL CATALYSTโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืขืž' 23-13โ€ฌ โ€ซืกื™ื›ื•ื ื•ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ........................................................................................โ€ฌ โ€ซืขืž' 43-33โ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” .............................................................................................โ€ฌ โ€ซื ืกืคื—ื™ื:โ€ฌ โ€ซืžืงืจื” ื—ืงืจ โ€“ ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ืจืžื‘"ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืคืช ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™, ืžืคืช ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช. ืงื "ืž 0052:1โ€ฌ โ€ซืžืคื•ืช ื”ืžืชื—ืžื™ื โ€“ ืžืคื•ืช ืžืชื—ืžื™ื ืžื•ืฆืขื™ื. ืงื "ืž 0521:1โ€ฌ โ€ซืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช )ืชื‘"ืข( โ€“ ืชื™ืง ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™, ืชืงื ื•ืŸ, ืชืฉืจื™ื˜ ื•ื ืกืคื— ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™.โ€ฌ โ€ซื˜ื‘ืœืช ืคืจื•ื’ืจืืžื” ื›ืžื•ืชื™ืช โ€“ ื˜ื‘ืœืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซ0โ€ฌ
  • 3. โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ "โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ ESSENCE OF OUR PLAN The group chose to handle the line of housing projects between the railroad and the main street of Bat Galim. The work focuses on several points: โ€ข Detailed attack-The planning area is seemingly uniform, in terms of common cha- racteristics: the type of public housing, its poor condition, the small housing units and the weak population, including a significant percentage of immigrants. Unlike the usual procedure in this type of situation, which would be a proposal of a com- prehensive plan, this project offers a unique procedure for each defined area of the site. These solutions are derived from the strengths and weaknesses of each de- fined area. โ€ข Total redevelopment of the entrance area to the neighborhood-This is from the identification of a need to bring about a fundamental change to the entrance of the neighborhood to improve its image, and make use of its potential to offer high- quality housing for workers in the nearby Rambam Hospital. โ€ข Floor additions and building extensions, will be enabled in the defined areas in which there are the customarily built public housing projects of the 1950s. โ€ข Condensing of building densities through infill of an additional building in the relatively new defined area constructed in the 1980s. โ€ข Adding โ€œrooftop apartmentsโ€ in the defined areas where the existing housing has architectural and environmental value and are worth preserving. โ€ข Creating a โ€œgolden ageโ€ neighborhood, built around the existing old age home, based on the high percentage of elderly residents in the area. This will include creating a supply of assisted living housing for this same sector in close proximity their places of residence, and will encourage the evacuation of apartments that are relatively large and are inaccessible to the elderly, creating a supply of housing for young families. 1
  • 4. โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ "โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ข This process creates a variety of housing solutions for population groups at different stages of life, from the perspective of family size and economic situation, and ensures a sustainable neighborhood. KEY CONCERNS 1. This project, whose ultimate goal is to revive Bat Galim as a whole, begins from the weakest point. This is a realistic starting point that recognizes the failed attempts at the gentrification of some of the unique resources of Bat Galimโ€”the housing facing the coastal strip. The poor image of the neighborhood is definitely part of the reason for the failure of these attempts. This project identifies the unwell "wall of public housing developments", at the meeting point of the city and the neighborhood as one of the main reasons for this poor image and recognizes its renewal as key to the revival of Bat Galim as a whole, and its unique resources. 2. The plan recognizes the wasted potential of the wide strip of "the railroad tracks reserved land" and the economic incentive required for its redevelopment, while simultaneously the need in distinguishing between active urban spaces (like the beach promenade and coast) and local spaces. . The plan creates an area for local activity along the strip of space that exists between the building line and the railroad, and offers the use of commercial pre-fabricated buildings as well as provides an acoustic barrier from the train tracks. This type of construction allows for the immediate utilization of these areas with the suitable possibility for the needs of future train track expansion. 3. A variety of physical solutions, including the usage of pre-fabricated mobile homes that allow for the immediate utilization of rooftops. 4. Coping with the stages of plan implementation-The variety of solutions enable the immediate tackling of the development of the neighborhood, not only in terms of the planning process but also in its actual implementation. The plan takes these different solutions into account not only in terms of their final product, but also in the required processes of their implementation, from this, it is possible to activate different measures in each section of the neighborhood that will improve its image, and will contribute to ripening the conditions for attracting a stronger population to a newly rehabilitated area. 2
  • 5. โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ "โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ INTRODUCTION The Course This report is a culmination of graduate work in the course of Studio 2 - Neighborhood Planning in the Spring semester of the 2009-2010/5770 academic year at the Technion โ€“ Israel Institute of Technology. Introduction to Bat Galim and Our Plan Bat Galim is one of the only neighborhoods in Israel that is at sea-level and has a directly accessible shoreline. Located in the northwest of the city of Haifa, Bat Galim was the first neighbor- hood to be built in the cityโ€™s modern history. Planned by Bau- haus-style Architect Richard Kaufman as a garden city in 1921, the neighborhood continued to develop in the days of the early immigration waves before the establishment of the state. During the later immigration waves of the 1950s and 1960s, immigrant public housing was built along the railroad tracks in the southern part of the neighborhood. Image 1. National, Municipal and Neighborhood Maps of Israel, Haifa, & Bat Galim Sources: (Municipality of Haifa n.d.) and (Survey of Israel n.d.) In this work, we present a neighborhood renewal plan for this southern region of immi- grant public housing. The plan attempts to maintain the character and unique style of the neighborhood in terms of the building types, their forms and historical roles as well as supply a variety of housing types to attract a diverse population at different points in life to create a more heterogeneous population. This plan envisions the neighborhood as a so- cially and communally sustainable neighborhood and will try to co-anchor a major devel- opment that will be a catalyst for the strengthening of the entire neighborhood with the help of resident participation and the municipality. The proposed renewal is different than most projects such as clearing and building (pinui uโ€™binui) or a typical neighborhood re- newal project (shikum shehunot), rather, it aims to incorporate principles of sustainable development that encourage a balance between conservation and new development and building addition and demolition. Through thinking of the neighborhoodโ€™s advantages 3
  • 6. โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ "โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ such as its real estate potential, walking proximity to the beach, abundant green space and vegetation growth ability, buildings under preservation, character and history, it is a neighborhood rich with potential. All of the elements of real estate re-awakening exist in the future plans for the neighborhood and will help raise the public consciousness of the neighborhood as a place that will become more attractive to live in: the plan to move the naval training base and replace it with a new neighborhood, the strengthening of the Rambam Medical Center, and the plan to turn over all of Retsif Margolin into a board- walk. However, the greatest challenge to the redevelopment of the neighborhood is really the process and timing it will take in order for real change to take place, the sources of funding, and methods of implementation and construction. The plan will also try to sug- gest economic means for implementation while working within the statutes set by the au- thorities for the treatment and promotion of the neighborhood. Image 2. The View of the Neighborhood from the East Source: (Rappaport 2010) 4
  • 7. โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ "โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ URBAN & REGIONAL BACKGROUND OF THE PLANNING SYSTEM Existing & Filed Plans There are numerous national outline plans and historical plans that have historically im- pacted and created what Bat Galim is today. However, currently there are seven existing plans for the neighborhood, of which details are readily available, and two additional plans that are lesser known. 1. 2177 This plan was divided into two sub-plans: 2177b and 2177c. The implementation of โ€cโ€ is planned to take place preceding that of โ€œbโ€. Also known as Benny Isaacโ€™s plan, the name of the planโ€™s developer, it is promoted by the Israel Lands Administration, and is for the redevelopment of the Naval Training Base, the Egged Central Bus Station and train sta- tion complexes. 2177c The first part suggests the redevelopment of the 170-dunam area of the Naval Training Base. 165-dunam will be a new neighborhood with 1000 housing units, a beach- side boardwalk and a boulevard with street-side apartment buildings between 7-8 floors high and interior apartment towers with 20 floors . 2177b This later part is for the redevelopment of the Egged Central Bus Station and Train Station complex into a High-Tech Industrial center (including plan 2094 that calls for a gas station). The plan is for a multi-purpose development including offices, R&D, health services, storage and housing. Also included is a pe- destrian trail with parks leading along the coast, outside of the neighborhood to the Mt. Carmel ridge and connecting with the Bahai Gardens. This plan would further open up Bat Galim, and our target area in particular, to pedestrian traffic that is likely to be tourism-based. Image 3. Benny Isaacโ€™s 2177 Plan 5
  • 8. โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ "โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ Source: (Rappaport 2010) 2. 1901c Plan 1901c is for the development of the 1000 sq. m Allenby Interchange. This has the goal of opening up traffic flow to the neighborhood on the western edge of HaAliyah HaShniya St. near Hecht Park, the Yotvata Restaurant and the adjacent funicular. The plan also includes the addition of a new sail clubhouse, storage space and a restaurant as well as the demolition of some existing buildings along Surferโ€™s Beach. Negative Impacts: Impact on viewpoint between the sea and mountain, a large struc- ture within 15 m of the seashore, creation of potential noise hazards, aesthetics and air pollution in the neighborhood, and is liable to increase automobile traffic congestion. Positive Impacts: Improve accessibility for the neighborhood and the beach, open motor vehicle movement inside the neighborhood in the direction of the interchange, e en- courage the development of the western side of the neighborhood and the area of the i in- terchange, turn HaAliyah HaShniya St. into a main bidirectional artery from its current stagnant single exit/entrance status. 3. 1718c Plan 1718c proposes the 11 11-floor, 5000 sq. m, 38-unit Verona Hotel in the wes unit west- ern edge of the neighborhood on currently undeveloped land between the Yotvata d Restaurant, the seaside boardwalk of Re Ret- sif Pinchas Margolin, and the western end of HaAliyah HaShniya Street. Image 4. Plan 1901c Allenby Interchange Source: (Rappaport 2010) 4. 2032a Although only adjacent to Bat Galim, this plan is included because it will bring more ou out- side attention to the general area possibly raising housing prices and adding traffic to the area. This is for the addition of 400 500 housing units and public green s 400-500 space around the Kiryat Eliezer Stadium on the southern side of Sderot HaHagana opposite the Egged Bus Station complex. 6
  • 9. โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ "โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ 5. 1481c Approved in 2009, this plan will widen streets, add a 20-floor building and more parking space to the Rambam Medical Center. Traffic impact: Will rid the southeastern side of the neighborhood of some its current parking crowdedness and potentially bring in more traffic to the neighborhood. 6. 2084 Approved in 2007, for the new 7-floor, 35-unit, Beit Hassan Hotel on Retsif Pinchas Margolin between Sderot Bat Galim, Avdimi St. and HaSharon St. 7. 1602b This plan improves upon the current boardwalk, redefining Retsif Pinchas Margolin as a complete pedestrian boardwalk across the entire street, preserving buildings along Retsif Pinchas Margolin and taking away beachside parking. โ€ข 2098 plans a Yotvata Hotel and Restaurant โ€ข TAMA 13/3/a is the city of Haifa Seafront Western Port Plan promoted by the Interior Ministry, it plans to move and expand the Haifa Port northward along the coast, open- ing up more seashore southeast of Bat Galim. Most of these plans either propose new development using current buildings that will be demolished or using undeveloped land. Many of these plans focus on the neighborhoodโ€™s seaside location to encourage tourism. Notably, none of these plans for redevelopment include keeping existing structures and adding-on or filling-in within the current built en- vironment. Of the above listed plans, most are likely to indirectly and not significantly impact our section of Bat Galim. The only clearly visible impact is increased traffic within the neighborhood overall. The plans likely to have direct impact on our section are Benny Isaacโ€™s 2177 plan and plan 1910c for the Allenby Interchange. 7
  • 10. โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ "โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ DEFINITION OF THE PLANNING AREA 26% of Bat Galimโ€™s population is over the age of 65 and 17% below 17 years of age, this means that there are 1.5 times more elderly than youth residing in Bat Galim (Source: Public Services Microsoft PowerPoint 2010 presentation by Dan Berkowitz and Nir Ben- Simon, March 26, 2010). Furthermore, many of these residents are recent immigrants from the FSU, have low socio-economic status and reside within old buildings with small apartments. Since most planning work in the neighborhood focuses on the seafront side, our group felt that the district furthest from the sea would be neglected from the average plannerโ€™s eye. Likewise, our district is one of the least attractive in the neighborhood and we felt that C. Kingsleyโ€™s saying โ€œA chain is only as strong as its weakest linkโ€ was applicable here. Bat Galimโ€™s weakest link needs to be helped first in order for the rest of the neighborhood to be improved. Despite the Bat Galim Egged Central Bus Station complex being said to have the lowest level of attraction, as will be discussed, due to the focus of this course being on social-communal planning at the neighborhood level our group decided to not start renewal work with this complex because it serves a municipal purpose, and not a neighborhood one, and is physically cut-off from the neighborhood due to its location across the train tracks. Therefore, it was decided that the best site for our project is the public housing apartments area between HaAliyah HaShniyah and the train tracks be- cause it is part of the neighborhood and has social-communal issues to be dealt with. The neighborhood of Bat Galim can be segmented into housing and development districts based on a hierarchy of attractiveness as is seen in the colorful map below. โ€ซื”ืงืœืขื™ื ืืœื™ืฉืขโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื—ื™"ืœโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืจืœ ืœื•ืฅโ€ฌ Image 5. Attractiveness Hierarchy of Bat Galimโ€™s Housing and Development Districts Sources: Google Maps with the assistance of Microsoft PowerPoint 2010 (Beta) 8
  • 11. โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ "โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ Explanation of the Hierarchy Red - The most attractive district is the area of the seashore, the boardwalk, Retsif Pin- chas Marglin, the Yotvata Restaurant and its nearby surrounding undeveloped area, the much contested future Allenby Interchange area and the first block of housing inland that gain their attractiveness from their relative proximity to the beach. This is where 4 out the 7 existing plans for the neighborhood are located. Orange - Second to this district is the Naval Training Base (aka Bahad). Due to its cen- tral location in the neighborhood and beachside property, this area is not attractive be- cause of its current land use but gains desirability because of its redevelopment potential, once the base is moved elsewhere. The Bahad is not quite at red level because it has not yet moved and the exact date when the land will be available is unknown. Salmon - The third-level attractive district is the housing on Bat Galim Blvd., the first couple of blocks inland from the sea along HaSharon Street and the undeveloped land across from the Elisha-HaAliyah HaShniya St. intersection and next to the Absorption Center. The housing along Bat Galim Blvd. acquires its desirability from being on an aes- thetically pleasing boulevard and having direct view of the sea but is not at the orange level because of the Casino cement structure and the buildings along the street entrance with closed storefronts. The HaSharon St. area achieves its lure for its being nearby the beach, but not across the street from it, its physical sense of community from being sur- rounded by housing, and its distance from the loud and busy HaAliyah HaShniya St. However, HaSharon St. does not reach the orange level because it is not seen as having a high redevelopment value. Yellow - The fourth area has a mediocre level of attractiveness. This is the housing on the western and eastern sides of the Naval Training Base that gets a view of a cement wall with barbed wire on the top and yet is still not so far from the seashore and the Rambam Medical Center as well as the areas that includes Efron, the northern side of Sharl Luts as well as Nahalal, Yaโ€™akov Kaspi, Yonatan, the southern side of Shikmona, Pinat Gan, the tall apartment buildings behind the HaAliyah HaShniya shopping center and HaAliyah HaShniya streets. These places get much of the impact on air and noise quality from mo- tor vehicle traffic on HaAliyah HaShniya, but the housing is relatively well-kept. 9
  • 12. โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ "โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ Green - The fifth area is part of the less attractive districts of housing and development. This is the area on the southern side HaAliyah HaShniya, around Heil HaYam, Aliyat Hano'ar, HaKelaim, Rahaf, and the train tracks. The public housing apartments in this area have not been kept well, their apartments are small in a market that values bigger apartments, bushes and other greenery have been let grow to the proportion that they take over public spaces, and car parking has become an art of creative domination of public spaces and walkways. Blue - The currently least attractive area in Bat Galim is the development between the train tracks and HaHagana Blvd. containing the derelict Bat Galim Egged Central Bus Station complex. While this area remains neglected, its potential for redevelopment gives it an added and different kind of attraction that it shares with the Naval Training Base, but since it stand at a busy intersection and not at walking distance to the beach it falls in the lower level of attraction. Image 6. Our Planning Area Sources: Google Maps with the assistance of Microsoft PowerPoint 2010 (Beta) 10
  • 13. โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ "โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ THEORETICAL BACKGROUND TO OUR PLAN Our plan is based on certain principles and conceptual themes of Sustainable Develop- ment (aka. SD). The theoretical goal of our plan is to create an intergenerational socially sustainable area. While SD consists of multiple principles and conceptual themes, our plan aims to achieve the stated goal through implementing the concepts of intergenera- tional equity and eco-form as well as the conceptual themes of sustainable transportation, density and diversity that make up sustainable urban forms1 & 2. Concepts Intergenerational equity is the principle that resources need to be managed responsibly in order to ensure their use for present and future generations. This directs this plan to cate- gorize and brand each housing area so that people in different situations of life can find a home therein. Whether one is single or living with someone, starting a family, already has a family, or is retired, there is a housing area for someone at any status in life to reside in our plan. Eco-form means design of the built environment that decreases pollution and improves energy efficiency. This is exemplified in our plan through minimal building destruction and new construction of energy efficient new buildings in the Ramban Center area, rather than destroying numerous buildings and creating lots of trash, as well as the network of open green spaces for pedestrians and bicyclists throughout the district that help to en- courage people to live environmentally-friendly lifestyles. Sustainable Urban Form Themes Diversity is a variety of land uses, building density, housing type, ownership and architec- tural style, household size, population age, cultures and household income. This theme exists throughout our plan. Our plan aims to increase building density in certain areas, change in architectural styles in the Rambam Towers area, designate housing for the el- derly, families, singles and young couples to reside in and increase the variety of house- hold income in the area. Sustainable Transportation means taking into account the social and environmental costs of all modes of transportation and balancing the needs of mobility supply, safety, access and environmental quality. In practice this theme equates to reducing the need for private car mobility and motor traffic, and improving the provision of energy-efficient and envi- ronmentally friendly transportation modes that includes walking and bicycling. While our 11
  • 14. โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ "โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ plan doesnโ€™t call for changes in existing public transportation services, it has a strong fo- cus on reducing the need to drive a car and improving walking and bicycling in Bat Ga- lim. Density means having a sufficient quantity of people residing in an area to create a high people-to-physical area ratio that can lead to social interactions, urban functions as well as energy consumption. This theme is exemplified within our plan through the use of the energy conservation policies of increasing urban density, providing a variety of easily us- able and accessible transportation modes and restraining the supply of automobile infra- structure. Our plan calls for a great increase in residents without an equal increase in supply of parking spaces for cars and works to improve the supply of pedestrian and bi- cycle infrastructure so that residents and visitors can travel through the area without the need for an automobile. 12
  • 15. โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ "โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ UNDERSTANDING THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF BAT GALIM AND OUR TARGET ARE The following chart outlines the โ€œSWOTโ€ analysis and presents the existing positive and negative aspects of the area, and uses these points as a springboard for understanding future potentials and risks. The analysis will begin with the area of Bat Galim as a whole, and will then branch out into the specifics of our target neighborhood and the sections we have divided them into. BAT GALIM Existing Strenths Housing-Bat Galim's housing is affordable. Economy- Located near the Rambam hospital, Bat Galim serves as a go-to destination for visitors and workers. Transportation-Bat Galim is easily accessible by public transportation, being situated on main bus lines, and having itโ€™s own train stop. Public Space and Environment-Bat Galim is located on the sea-front, not a common characteristic for an Israeli neighborhood. Its strategic positioning between the sea and the Carmel mountains make it an ideal location for an urban area. Additionally, Bat Galim offers a balance between the urban and the natural, in that it features a lot of green, including the tree-lined boulevard of Sderot Bat Galim as well as green open spaces between buildings. Many of these spaces include benches and playgrounds and serve as resting spots for the elderly as well as play areas for children. Urban Design-A unique characteristic of Bat Galim is that the essence of its construction is that of a mixed-land-use neighborhood. Unlike most neighborhoods in Israel, living in Bat Galim does not require a car because of the close proximity of functions and services to one another. Housing is not spread out over large roads, rather it is arranged in blocks, similar to those of the Village in Manhattan. One can live on the same block as their childโ€™s school and a grocery store while still living nearby a hospital, as well as living by the water. Many residential blocks in Bat Galim are also built in a way similar to typical European housingโ€”buildings are situated in a way that they are accessible from the street, but also feature spaces that serve as โ€œinner courtyardsโ€. These spaces serve as places of retreat within this urban neighborhood. 13
  • 16. โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ "โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ Existing Weaknesses Housing-The housing in Bat Galim is in poor condition. A combination of low quality materials paired with a purely utilitarian aesthetic set Bat Galimโ€™s overall appearance back into the mid-20th century. Given the state of its buildings, the area gives off an aura of neglect. In addition, space is being used inefficiently. Many apartments are only occupied by 1-2 people. Bat Galim remains a place for older clientele and is therefore not providing an adequate location for younger generations to settle down. Economic-Because of the low housing prices, Bat Galim continues to attract low- socioeconomic residents, lowering the economic bracket for the area. Because of this, the area gets little attention in terms of funding from the Municipality. In addition, other than the Rambam Hospital, Bat Galim does not include other revenue points. Its commercial function is limited given there are very few stores and offices. Transportation-Bat Galim is missing adequate and legally outlined parking. Because of this many walking areas are congested with parked cars. Public Space and Environment-Bat Galim is untidy. There are numerous areas used for the depositing of old furniture and garbage. This is both unhealthy as well as ungainly. This, coupled with its situation next to hospital waste present an unsanitary environment. Bat Galim is also lacking cultural landmarks that serve to ground a community as well as raise its self-awareness, pride and education levels. Opportunities Housing-Bat Galimโ€™s housing is functional. Because of the buildingsโ€™ close proximity to each other as well as well as the functional nature of them, the housing lays the foundation for a light renovation. Its simple nature opens up the possibility for creating a number of different apartment types that can serve various age brackets. Economy-In addition to Bat Galim being situated right next to a hospital, which can provide work for varying socio-economic levels, the existing future plans calling for Bat Galimโ€™s beautification could mean increased funding for the area as well as the potential for new waves of more financially-secure residents. Transportation-Given the increasing global encouragement on public transportation and walkability, Bat Galim lays the foundation for the neighborhood of the twenty-first 14
  • 17. โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ "โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ century. It is completely feasible to traverse its coordinates entirely by foot, and it is located along main bus lines and the Israel Rail. Public Space and Environment-Bat Galim has a number of ideal features for a successful urban neighborhood. It is flat and completely walkable. Given its situation between the sea and the mountains, it has the potential to act like an urban oasis. Bat Galimโ€™s building formats have the foundations already laid out for functional public spaces. The spaces located behind and in between buildings mean that the space is already outlined for better public use and that drastic plans donโ€™t need to be draw up to designate new open areas. Threats Housing-The state and uniformity of Bat Galimโ€™s housing poses a threat to its absorption of younger and more financially secure residents. Because of its monotony and similarity to many poorer neighborhoods Bat Galimโ€™s buildings stand the risk of being utterly neglected. Their already poor state poses a threat to both current residents and the economic health of the neighborhood. Economy-Bat Galimโ€™s lackluster feel could mean that it will never serve as a location for new business. Transportation-Bat Galimโ€™s parking problems could cause ever-increasing levels of congestion in areas that are meant for walking or sitting. Because Haifa is comprised of networks of large roads, the difficulty of getting oneโ€™s car in and out of Bat Galim could mean Bat Galim being virtually cut off from the rest of Haifa. Public Space and Environment-If Bat Galim continues to be neglected financially and environmentally, it could continue to decay into a waste site. This could affect the quality of life for Bat Galim residents physically as well as mentally. An unkempt neighborhood causes decreased community morale and respect for oneโ€™s neighborhood. Urban Design-Many buildings have been abandoned and are in poor condition, included architectural treasures that are reserved as landmark sites. These buildings could risk collapse in the future as well as create a poor reflection on the neighborhood. 15
  • 18. โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ "โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ OUR TARGET AREA Existing Strengths Housing-The housing in our area is functional and affordable. Transportation-Our area especially is accessible by public transportation, and is flat and entirely walkable. Public Space and Environment-There are many open spaces located between buildings, providing an "escape" from the street. Additionally, the area is filled with greenery. Existing Weaknesses Housing-The housing is in poor condition and the density is low. Additionally, there are many illegal add-ons as well as free-standing constructions that are overlooked. Economy-Our area serves a low-income bracket and therefore little money is poured into the neighborhood. Transportation- The path leading from the Bat Galim train stop weaves through the courtyard of a number of residences, turning it into a thoroughfare during post-train- arrival times. Furthermore what are supposed to be pathways and open areas are being used for parking. Public Space and Environment-The open spaces between buildings look accidental, and there is little seating area. The spaces are untamed, grown over with weeds, wire and trash. Opportunities Housing-Because of the simple design of the buildings in our area, it is feasible to be able to repair and expand them, allowing for more residents. Economy-The neighborhood's location next to the train gives it the potential of reaping from future projects. Transportation-With more stores and services added to the neighborhood, the walkable nature of the target area could mean a totally convenient location to live. In addition, with a strengthened neighborhood and future residents, the location along main bus and train lines could make our neighborhood an ideal place to settle down while being able to access work as well. Public Space and Environment-Out target area contains the blueprint for a successful community layout. It is possible to trace a path leading from its beginning to its end, making it conducive to communal interaction. It includes within its structure, open spaces 16
  • 19. โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ "โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ and greenery, meaning that no large-scale construction would be required to clean the area up and make it more functional and desirable. Threats Housing-Like many low-income neighborhoods in Israel, the types of buildings that comprise our target area are dated and in poor condition and run the risk of abandonment, as well as the risk that current and prospective residents may choose to live in newer, better-maintained housing. Economy-Because our target area is not included in the plans that have been drawn up for Bat Galim, our area could become completely financially neglected, making it into a sort of slum. Transportation-Because there is little parking availability, our neighborhood will continue to become congested with parked cars, making what is actually a walkable area into a cramped neighborhood that is not feasibly traversable by foot. 17
  • 20. โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ "โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ OUTLINING OUR VISIONS AND GOALS: HOW SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT WORKS FOR OUR TARGET AREA We have divided the goals for our plan into three core elements: Sustainability, Sense of Community, and Economic Rejuvenation. We see the concept of sustainability as a capacity whose foundations are already laid in our target area, as well as a vision that would serve as a treatment to the existing ills of our target area. Our neighborhood already includes space-saving housing, public spaces, green, and the potential for increased walkability. We know that these characteristics can be refined through improving the quality and functionality of the already-existing housing and making way for a densification and diversification of housing sizes, allowing for the introduction of more residents and younger age brackets to the area. A Sense of Community is something we feel is necessary to carry a neighborhood into the twenty-first century. Coupled with the concept of sustainability, a neighborhood of the future does not merely have to do with the physical nature of an area, but also with the nature and inclusion of the neighborhoodโ€™s residents. Not only does an increased sense of community have positive psychological ramifications on individual community members, it also creates strength in numbers, meaning the potential for creating change when a need for change is felt. Given our target areaโ€™s location within the neighborhood of Bat Galim, we see potential in encouraging the areaโ€™s awareness of the locationโ€™s history. Awareness of the history of oneโ€™s home creates pride and respect, and this can in turn lead to increased care and involvement in local decision-making. In addition to public programs and advertisement, one of the ways we plan on promoting a sense of community is through the preservation of the general nature of the residences. Light construction will serve as an improvement to what is already there, creating a sense of pride without the feeling of unfamiliarity to those who have already been living there. Refining the public spaces between buildings, cleaning them up and enhancing their appearance is included within our goal of encouraging communal engagement. The backbone required to carry out our plans for sustainability and sense of community is an economic rejuvenation of our target area. The basis of this will be in the commercial strip we have planned for the area between the train and the residences. The 18
  • 21. โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ "โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ location of this strip will serve both the community and the passengers from the train. The idea is to bring economic activity to this economically stagnant neighborhood through employment, business and municipal opportunities. The second branch of our economic rejuvenation plan is to increase the value of the real estate. By improving the housing, we hope to encourage investments in the neighborhood as well as more economically stable residents. The following chart outlines the components of our three core goals: 19
  • 22. โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ "โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ THE PRINCIPLES OF OUR PLAN The essence of our plan is based upon many of the principles of both Sustainable Development and New Urbanism. One of the central threads of sustainable development is the idea that a neighborhoodโ€™s infrastructure can service not only its current residents but also its future residents. Our plan is designed to cater toward the comings and goings of various age brackets, featuring specific areas that will be relevant to people in different points in their lives. Given this attention to a smooth transition between age range and living space, the entire building plan of our project is constructed around the idea of graduality. Rather than employ a mass evacuate-destroy-build method, we would prefer a more organic development for our neighborhood since one of our goals is to maintain the current population while attracting newer waves as well. We would like to keep the neighborhood functioning during the transition period, and feel strongly about not making a large building site out of our neighborhood. Instead, we plan to use โ€œlight buildingโ€ to strengthen buildings, expand the number of apartments through in-fill and floor additions, and create a more appealing aesthetic. We have divided our target area into sections, each one serving a specific residential purpose. Together, each of the sections integrates like the pieces of a puzzle, to form a neighborhood that serves each stage in the life cycle. We feel that a neighborhood designed using an all-inclusive approach requires a strong entrance as well as a financial backbone, this being the commercial strip we have created for the gateway to our neighborhood. Stringing together Sustainability and New Urbanism is an emphasis on community. Lewish Mumfordโ€™s attention to forming a relationship between residents and the places they live was a crucial influence for the social branch of our plan. Raising the density within our neighborhood and encouraging walkability are factors that can create a sense of community, and counter the general layout of the rest of Haifa, a city that strongly exemplifies urban sprawl. Mixed housing and mixed resident type, higher density and walkability are New Urbanist principles that we have kept in mind in our planโ€™s design. 20
  • 23. โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ "โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ Influenced by Mumfordโ€™s ideas about sense of community and place attachment we also focused strongly on street life. In addition to the public spaces we have included within the residential areas, our commercial strip serves a purpose alongside its economic importance. In her book The Death and Life of Great American Cities Jane Jacobs posits that one of the keys to urban life and safe city streets are shops. With the promenade of shops and cafรฉs, our commercial area will serve as a catalyst for neighborhood interaction and a general sense of living in a โ€œneighborhoodโ€. Keeping with our aversion from heavy building, we chose to compose the commercial section of prefabricated buildings that are easy to deposit on the building site. 21
  • 24. โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช"โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื“.โ€ฌ โ€ซืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ: ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื”ืขืœื™ื” - ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืœืคืกื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช. ื–ื” ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืฆื‘ื ื”ืคื™ืกื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื, ืชื ืื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื”.โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื›ืจืฆืฃ ืฉืœ ืžืจืงืžื™ื ื–ื”ื™ื "ืคืื–ืœ" ืืฉืจ ื™ืงื•ืฉืจ ื‘ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืงื•ืช,โ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื•ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ืงืคื™ื™ื.โ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื›ืœ ืžืชื—ื ื–ื•ื”ื• ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉื•ื ื” ืœืคื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืจืฆื•ื™ ืœืื•ืชื• ืžืชื—ื.โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืฉื˜ื— ื—ื•ืœืง ืœืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžืชื—ืžื™ ืžืฉื ื”, ื›ืœ ืžืชื—ื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืคื™ืกื™ืช, ื”ื•ืกืคืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช, ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื•ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžื ื—ื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื—.โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื•ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—, ืฉืชืขืฉื” ื‘ืžื ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื‘ื ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ืžืงื‘ืฆื™ื, ืชื•ืš ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืžื™ื ื™ืžืืœื™ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืžื”ืœืš ื—ื™ื™ื ืชืงื™ืŸ. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืžื‘ื•ื“ืจ ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืืจื•ื›ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืœ -01 ื™ืชื›ื ื• ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื™ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ื•ื™ืื™ืฆื• ืืช ืคื™ืชื•ื—โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื”.โ€ฌ โ€ซืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช: ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื› -0001 ื™ื—"ื“, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”, ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืคื™ืกื™, ืฉื“ืจื•ื’โ€ฌ โ€ซืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื.โ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื™ื ื•ื™: ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžื ืกื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฆื•ืจืชื ื”ื”ื•ืžื•ื’ื ื™ืช ื•ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื, ืขื ื—ืฆืจื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื,โ€ฌ โ€ซืžืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื.โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช: ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ืขื™ืžื ืžื ืกื” ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ื”ื™ื ื ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืกืœ ืฉืœ ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ืื• ื›ืœื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื, ืœื”ื•ืกืคืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช, ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ืžืคืชื—โ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชื—ืžื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื”.โ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช" ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืจืฆืฃ ืื•ืจื‘ืื ื™ ืืฉืจ ืžื›ื™ืœ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื•โ€ฌ โ€ซืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืขื ืชืชื™ ืžืชื—ืžื™ื ื”ื•ืžื•ื’ื ื™ื™ื.โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืชื—ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื• ืœืคื™ืชื•ื—:โ€ฌ โ€ซ1. ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ืจืžื‘"ื โ€“ ืื–ื•ืจ ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซ2. ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืกื ื˜ืจ โ€“ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืœืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซ3. ืฉ.ืฆ.ืค. ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™ โ€“ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื—ื ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืœื‘ื™ื”"ื— ื•ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซ4. ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืš โ€“ ื“ื’ืฉ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซ5. ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ืขืœื™ื™ื” โ€“ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซ6. ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื’ื“ื” โ€“ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืงื”ื™ืœื”โ€ฌ โ€ซ7. ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืžื•ื’ืŸ ื’ืœื™ื โ€“ ื”ืกื‘ืช ืžืขื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ืžื•ื’ืŸ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซ8. ืื–ื•ืจ ืžืกื—ืจื™ ืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืœืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช โ€“ ื—ื™ืฅ ื‘ื™ื• ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืœืžืกื™ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื–ืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืžืคื•ืช ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ืžืชื—ื, ืคืจื•ื’ืจืืžื” ื›ืžื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื”, ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™, ืฉื˜ื—ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืฆืจื›ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืœืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื” ืืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžื•ืฆืขื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉื”.โ€ฌ โ€ซ22โ€ฌ
  • 25. โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช"โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืชื—ืžื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ืฆืขื™ื.โ€ฌ โ€ซ1. ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ืจืžื‘"ื โ€“ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™.โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื›ื ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžืชืืจ ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช ืœื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืœื”ืœืŸ "ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช":โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžื˜ืจืชื” ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืข"ื™ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœ 5 ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ 4-3 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื.ื”ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ื›ื™ื•ืโ€ฌ โ€ซ57 ื™ื—"ื“, ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ 5 ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ 51 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ื—ื“ 053 ื™ื—"ื“, ืื–ื•ืจ ื–ื” ื™ื—ื“ ืขืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืฉื˜ื— ืœืžืกื—ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื• ืืช ื”ืžืคืชื— ืฉื™ื ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื•.โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืื–ื•ืจ ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืœืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื•ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืชื‘ื•ื ืœืฉื›ื•ื ื”, ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืชืฉืชืœื‘ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื‘ื”"ื“ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ืื•ืคื™ื™ ื•ื ืคื—.โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื“ื’ืฉ ื™ื ืชืŸ ืขืœ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืชื•ืš ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ื ื•ืฃ ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืคืจืฅ ื—ื™ืคื”, ื”ื ืžืœ, ื”ื™ื ื•ืžืขืจื‘ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ืžื•ืจื“ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื›ืจืžืœ ื•ืกื˜ืืœื” ืžืืจื™ืก.โ€ฌ โ€ซ2. ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืกื ื˜ืจโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ื‘ื™ื”"ื— ืจืžื‘"ื, ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฉื›ืจื” ืืจื•ื›ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืœืžื‘ื ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉืžืฉื• ื›ืžืขื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืื•โ€ฌ โ€ซื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื›ืจื”, ืœืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื”ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื” / ืื—ื™ื•ืช / ืกื™ืขื•ื“.โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืงื•ืžื•ืช, ืขื“ ืืจื‘ืข ืงื•ืžื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื.โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ 3 ื—ื“ืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืขื ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื—ื“ืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืขื ืžืงืœื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืžื•ืชืืžื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืœืกื˜ื•ื ื“ื˜ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืขื ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื•ื—ื“ืจ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ, ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืกื‘ื• ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืœื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื•ืฆืขื™ืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื™ืจื›ืฉื• ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื.โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื›ืคืœืช ื™ื—"ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืž- 291 ื™ื—"ื“ ืœ- 484 ื™ื—"ื“, ื”ื•ืกืคืช ื’ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ืœื’ื™ืœืื™ 3 โ€“ 6 ืฉื™ืงืœื•ื˜ ื™ืœื“ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืžื”ืžืชื—ืžื™ื ื”ืฉื›ื ื™ื ื•ื™ื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”.โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืขืœืช ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืคืจ"ื— / ื•ืื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™ืช ืœืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื•ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” , ื”ืขืฉืจื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ืช, ืชื’ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ืžืชืŸ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืขื–ืจ ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœืžื’ืœืช ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื”.โ€ฌ โ€ซ3. ืฉ.ืฆ.ืค ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืžืชื—ื ืฉืœ ื› โ€“ 01 ื“ื•ื ื ืืฉืจ ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื—ืœืง ืžืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื”"ื“ ืฉืœ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื™ื–ืง. ื”ืžืชื—ื ื”ื™ื ื• ื”ื—ืœืงโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื—ื ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืœื‘ื™ื”"ื— ืจืžื‘"ื, ื•ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื.โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืฉืฆ"ืค ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืžืขื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™, ืœื’ืŸ ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™ ื”ืžืกืคืง ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื™ืœื”. ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชื›ื ืกื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ืžืชืงื ื™ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืœืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช, ืจื—ื‘ืช ื“ืฉื ื•ื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื”.โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื™ื›ื”, ื”ืฆืœืœื” ืชืื•ืจื”, ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืคื™ื ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืœื•ืช ืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”.โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื•ืกืคืช ืžืชืงื ื™ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืžืชืงื ื™ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื.โ€ฌ โ€ซื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืฆืžื—ื™ื™ื” ื”ืงื™ื™ืžืช, ื’ื™ื–ื•ื ืขืฆื™ื, ื•ืฉื™ื—ื™ื, ื”ื•ืกืคื” ื•ื”ืกืจื” ืฉืœ ื’ื“ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื” ืขืฆื™ ืฆืœ ื•ืจื—ื‘ืช ื“ืฉื.โ€ฌ โ€ซ32โ€ฌ
  • 26. โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช"โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซ4. ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืšโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื™ืคื•ืชื— ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืชื•ืš ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื” ืœื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™.โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืจื•ื•ื— ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื, ื”ืขืžื“ืชื ื•ืฆื•ืจืชื. ื”ื“ื’ืฉ ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœืžื‘ื ื™ื, ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื•ืื™ื—ื•ื“โ€ฌ โ€ซื“ื™ืจื•ืช, ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ื, ืชืื•ืจื” ืฆืžื—ื™ื™ื” ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ืงืคื™ ื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช.โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืชื—ื ืžื›ื™ืœ 21 ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืขื ื› -051 ื™ื—"ื“, ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื• 2 ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื, ืฉื™ื›ื•ื ื™ ืจื›ื‘ืช ืขื 2 โ€“ 3โ€ฌ โ€ซื›ื ื™ืกื•ืช ืœืžื‘ื ื”. ื•ืฉื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ 4 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ืขื ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืื—ืช ืฉืชื™ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืงื•ืžื”.โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื›ืคืœืช ืžืก' ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ, ืชืขืฉื” ืข"ื™ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืงื•ืžื•ืช, ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืงื•ืžืช ืงืจืงืข ืขื ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื, ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืœืžื‘ื ื™ื.โ€ฌ โ€ซื™ื—ื•ื–ืง ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ืข"ื™ ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื—ืฆืจื•ืช ืื—ื”"ืฆ, ื”ื•ืกืคืช ื—ื•ื’ื™ื ื•ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืฉืจื” ื‘ืขืจื‘.โ€ฌ โ€ซื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืžืขืžื“ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืข"ื™ ื—ืกื•ืช ืฉืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืœืจืคื•ืื”, ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื›ื—ื•ื ื›ื™ื, ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื” ื•ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืฉืœืžื”.โ€ฌ โ€ซ5. ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ืขืœื™ื™ื”.โ€ฌ โ€ซืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžื›ื™ืœ 5 ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ 8-7 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ื› -041 ื™ื—"ื“ ื•ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืกื—ืจื™. ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ื ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื ื•ืช ื”-08 ื”ืžืื—ืจื•ืช, ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉ ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื”, ืขื ืžืงืœื˜ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืžืขืœื™ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืกื“ืจื•ืช.โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžื™ื™ืขื“ืช ืืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื "ืœ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช, ืžืฆื™ืขื” ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืžื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ 8 ืงื•ืžื•ืช, ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ ืฉืชื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ืจื—ื‘ืชื• ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืœืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืงื•ืžื” ื ื•ืกืคืช.โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืชื—ื ื›ื™ื•ื ืžื’ื•ื“ืจ ื•ื‘ืขืœ ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืื—ืช, ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžืฆื™ืขื” ื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžืชื—ื, ืžืคืœืก ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืจืืฉื™ ืืฉืจโ€ฌ โ€ซื™ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘, ื•ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืœืงื™ ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื”.โ€ฌ โ€ซื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื™ื ืชืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืœืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช, ืžื“ืจื›ื•ืช ืฆืžื—ื™ื™ื”, ืชืื•ืจื” ื•ืคื™ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”.โ€ฌ โ€ซ6. ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื’ื“ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืงื”ื™ืœื”, ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ื ื™ ื”ืฆื‘ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื– ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืจ. ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžืฆื™ืขื” ื”ื•ืกืคืช 3-2 ืงื•ืžื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืœืžื‘ื ื™ื, ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื—ื–ื™ืชื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื—ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช.โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื•ืกืคืช ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ืœืžื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ืžืขืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืจื—ื‘ ืžื•ื’ืŸ ืงื•ืžืชื™, ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืžืขื˜ืคืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืฆื•ืจืชื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืชื”ื™ื” ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืชื—ื ืžื›ื™ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื 41 ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืขื ื›- 002 ื™ื—"ื“ ื“ื™ื•ืจ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ื›- 001 ื™ื—"ื“โ€ฌ โ€ซื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœืžืชื—ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืœืคื™ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื.โ€ฌ โ€ซืžืชื—ื ืฉืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืืš ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืคืจื‘ืจื™ืช, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื‘ื ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ,ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืขื ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื”, ืžืกืคืจ ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉืืจ ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœืกื™ื‘ื™ื”, ื—ืฆืจื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื•ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื. ื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืœืคืชื— ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื•ืžื•ื’ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื”,โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžื–ื“ื”ื” ืขื ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ,ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช, ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื•ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.โ€ฌ โ€ซ42โ€ฌ
  • 27. โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช"โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซ7. ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืžื•ื’ืŸ ื’ืœื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืชื—ื ื”ืžื›ื™ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืจื›ื– ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ื•71 ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื›- 002 ื™ื—"ื“. ื•ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืืช ืงืฆื” ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœโ€ฌ โ€ซืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžื˜ืจื”. ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžื™ื™ืขื“ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืชื—ื ืœื›ืคืจ ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ืžื•ื’ืŸ ืœืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืืฉืจ ื™ื›ื™ืœ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื“ื™ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืขืฆืžืื™ื™ื, ื•ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืื• ื—ื“ืจื™ื ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืื• ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื™ื.โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืžื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื› -001 ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืจ ื›ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืžื•ื’ืŸ. ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื•ื”ืชืืžืช ื›ืœ ื™ื—"ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจโ€ฌ โ€ซืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื”ื‘ื•ื’ืจืช.โ€ฌ โ€ซืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื’ืŸ ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืœื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื”ื, ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืชืชื—ื™ืœ ื™ืจื™ื“ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ื ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™ ื•ื”ืงื•ื’ื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื™ื•ืงืžื• ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื™ื•ืงื ื•ื‘ืžืจื›ื–โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืงืœื™ื˜ื”.โ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื™ื™ื ืชืŸ ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืžืขืœื™ื•ืช, ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื•ืžื“ืจื›ื•ืช, ื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื,โ€ฌ โ€ซืชืื•ืจื”, ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืฆืœืœื”.โ€ฌ โ€ซ8. ืื–ื•ืจ ืžืกื—ืจื™ ืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืœืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช.โ€ฌ โ€ซืžื—ืชื ื”ืžืฉืชืจืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืกื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืœืฉื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื, ื ืžืชื— ืžืชื—ื ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื•ืขื“ ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื›ืคืจ ื”ืžื•ื’ืŸ. ื”ืžืชื—ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืขื™ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชื—ืžื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื.โ€ฌ โ€ซืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ืงืžืช ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื™ื”ื•ื• ื—ื™ืฅ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืกื™ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืœืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื, ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื™ื”ื™ื• ืขื ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื ืคืชื—ืช ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช, ืฉืชืืคืฉืจ ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืชื™ ืงืคื” ื•ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช ืœืื•ืจืšโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืฆื™ืจ.โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืชื—ื ื™ืคืชื— ื›ื ื™ืกื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ืœืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืœื‘ืื™ื ืžืชื—ื ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื•ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื™ื•ื˜ื‘ืชื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื•ื”ื˜ื™ื™ืœืช.โ€ฌ โ€ซ52โ€ฌ
  • 28. โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช"โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช:โ€ฌ โ€ซืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืชื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื™ื“ ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื.โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืชืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืืคื™ืงื™ื :โ€ฌ โ€ซ1. ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื•ืœ ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ื—ื™ืคื” ืœืคื™ ืžื•ื“ืœ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ืจืžื‘"ื )ืจืื” ื ืกืคื— ืžืงืจื” ื—ืงืจโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื›ื•ื ืช ืจืžื‘"ื(,ื”ื›ื ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืกื˜ื˜ื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื‘ืกืกื•ืช ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช. ื”ืงืฆืืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืข"ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื”.โ€ฌ โ€ซ2. ื”ืงืžืช ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื. ื‘ืฉืœืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื, ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืจื•ื•ื—ื”, ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ืขื•ื“.โ€ฌ โ€ซ3. ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื•ืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื, ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ ื ื‘ื—ืจ ื•ืื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื”.โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื:โ€ฌ โ€ซ1. ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื•ืœ ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ื—ื™ืคื” ืœืคื™ ืžื•ื“ืœ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ืจืžื‘"ื )ื ืกืคื— ืžืก ' 1(. ืขืœ ื”ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“โ€ฌ โ€ซืขื ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ืœืขื–ืจืชื ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื”, ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืœืžืืžืฅโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื›ืจื™ื– ืขืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื›ืฉื˜ื— ืœืฉื™ืงื•ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื™ืงืฆื” ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืœื ื•ืฉื .โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืชืงื“ื ื•ืชืชืขืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืžื—ืœืฃโ€ฌ โ€ซืืœื ื‘ื™, ื”ืžืฉืš ื•ืฉื“ืจื•ื’ ื”ื˜ื™ื™ืœืช, ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืžื“ืจื›ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื, ื’ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื’ื™ื–ื•ื, ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืกืคืกืœื™ื ืชืื•ืจื” ืฉื™ืœื•ื˜ ื•ื›ื•ืœื™.โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืชืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื”ื›ื ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ื›ืฉื˜ื— ืœืฉืžื•ืจื” ืœืžืกื™ืœืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื›ืžื—ื–ื™ืงืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ืชื”ื™ื™ื” ืฉื•ืชืคื” ื‘ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™, ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืชืžื”ื™ืœ ืื•ืคื™ ื•ืกื•ื’ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื .โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ื•ืช ื™ืกื™ืขื• ื‘ื”ื›ื ืช ืชืกืงื™ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ื”ื—ื•ื›ืจื™ื, ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืื• ื”ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืฉื™ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื”.โ€ฌ โ€ซ2. ื”ืงืžืช ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืขืžื•ืชืช ืžืจื—ื‘ )ืจืื” ืืชืจ โ€ช(miu.org.ilโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ื™ื›ืœืœื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืžืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื, ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื, ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื, ืื ืฉื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืืงื“ืžื™ื”)ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ(, ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ื™ื, ื›ืœื›ืœื ื™ื, ื™ื–ืžื™ื, ืกื•ืฆื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื,โ€ฌ โ€ซืคืขื™ืœื™ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”, ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืขื•"ื“, ืฉืžืื™ื ื•ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื”ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ื™ื‘ื ื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืคืจื˜ื ื™ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื›ืœ ื ื•ืฉื ืืฉืจ ืชืชื’ื‘ืฉ ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช ื›ื•ืœื”.โ€ฌ โ€ซ3. ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื•ืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื: ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืžื”ืœืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืื—ืช ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืขืโ€ฌ โ€ซืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืื• ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื”ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœืžืžืกื“ ื•ืœืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ื™ืกื™ื™ืขโ€ฌ โ€ซืœื”ืคืจื™ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื•ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื™ืœ , ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื›ื•ืœื•.โ€ฌ โ€ซืื•ืžื“ืŸ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื•ื’ื™ื•ืก ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื™ืขืจื›ื• ืฆืขื“ ืฆืขื“ ืœืคื™ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื—.โ€ฌ โ€ซ62โ€ฌ
  • 29. โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช"โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ื”ื›ื ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืกื˜ื˜ื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื™ืžื•ื ื, ืื™ืฉื•ืจื ื‘ื•ืขื“ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืœืคื•ืขืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื "ืœ:โ€ฌ โ€ซืจืฆ"ื‘ ื˜ื‘ืœืช ืื•ืžื“ื ื™ื ืžืžื•ืฆืขื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžืชื—ืžื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื:โ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื•ื ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืฆืื™ ืงื™ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืชื—ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืชืงื•ืคื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžืฉื‘ื™ื—ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืงืžืช 053 ื™ื—"ื“โ€ฌ โ€ซ57 ื™ื—"ื“ ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœโ€ฌ โ€ซืžื’ื“ืœื™ ืจืžื‘"ื ืคื™ื ื•ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืœ ืขื“ 63 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœื—ืœืงโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืขืชื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœโ€ฌ โ€ซ000,004 โ‚ชโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื™ื ื•ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืžื”ืžืชืคื ื™ื ืžื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื›-โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืคื™ -6โ€ฌ โ€ซื› -ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ โ‚ช,โ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซ0052 โ‚ช ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืชืŸ ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื“ื™ื•ืจ.โ€ฌ โ€ซืžืก ืœื™ื–ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ืฉื•ื ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื—ื ื™ื•ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื™ื“โ€ฌ โ€ซืื’ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื˜ืœื™ื.โ€ฌ โ€ซืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื“ื™ืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืชืž"ื 83, ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืงืžืช 291 ื™ื—"ื“โ€ฌ โ€ซ291ื™ื—"ื“ ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืกื ื˜ืจโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื™ืชืคื ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืฆื™ื.โ€ฌ โ€ซืœื”ื•ืกืคืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืขืชื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ 003 โ€“ 005โ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื”"ื—,โ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื ื™ื™ื”.โ€ฌ โ€ซ008 ืืœืฃ - ืžืœื™ื•ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซโ‚ช ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืžืขื ืงื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื.โ€ฌ โ€ซโ‚ชโ€ฌ โ€ซืœืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื”.โ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื”ืงืžืช ืคืืจืง ื”ื›ื˜ 57โ€ฌ โ€ซืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ื—ื™ืคื” ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃโ€ฌ โ€ซื› -1 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ โ‚ชโ€ฌ โ€ซืคืืจืง ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™ ืฉืœโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉ.ืฆ.ืค ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื“ื•ื ื ื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” 01โ€ฌ โ€ซืขื ืงืจืŸ ืื• ืขืžื•ืชื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื›- 01 ื“ื•ื ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืœื™ื•ืŸ โ‚ช ืชืจื•ืžื” ืžืงืจืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซืœื”ื ืฆื—ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื›ื˜.)ืืชืจ ืขื™ืจื™ืช ื—ื™ืคื”(โ€ฌ โ€ซืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื™ืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืชืž"ื 83โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืงืžืช ื›-051โ€ฌ โ€ซื›- 051 ื™ื—"ื“โ€ฌ โ€ซืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืšโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื™ืชืคื ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅโ€ฌ โ€ซืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื™ื—"ื“ ื ื•ืกืคื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื“ 005โ€ฌ โ€ซืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืœืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”.โ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืขืชื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœโ€ฌ โ€ซืืœืฃ โ‚ช ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื”.โ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืขืœื™ื” ื•ื”ื•ืกืคืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื™ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืงื‘ืœื ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืœื™ื•ืŸ โ‚ช ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื’ื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื.โ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื™ืžื›ืจื• ืืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืคื™ืชื•ื—โ€ฌ โ€ซืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืงืžืช ืžื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื˜ื— ืงืจืงืข ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซืžื’ื“ืœื™ ืขืœื™ื™ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืžืคืœืก ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืžืชื—ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืœืžื‘ื ื” ื—ื“ืฉ.โ€ฌ โ€ซื›- 03 ื™ื—"ื“.โ€ฌ โ€ซื—ื“ืฉโ€ฌ โ€ซื›ื•ืœื•.โ€ฌ โ€ซื™ื–ื ืฉื™ืชื›ื ืŸ ื™ื‘ื ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื”ืงืจืงืขโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ื™ืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืกื—ืจื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืจโ€ฌ โ€ซื™ื–ื ืงื‘ืœืŸ ืฉื™ื‘ื ื” ืืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืงืžืช 021 ื™ื—"ื“โ€ฌ โ€ซื› โ€“ 012 ื™ื—"ื“โ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื“ื’ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื—ื–ื™ืชื•ืช, ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœืžื‘ื ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื ื•ืกืคื•ืช, ืื™ื—ื•ื“โ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›- 005โ€ฌ โ€ซื•ืกื’ื ื•ื ื.โ€ฌ โ€ซื•ื™ืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ืกืคื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืืœืฃ โ‚ช ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืžืขืœื™ื•ืช.โ€ฌ โ€ซืžืฉื ืช 1002 ืžื ื”ืœืช ืขืžื™ื’ื•ืจโ€ฌ โ€ซื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืงืžืช ืžื‘ื ื” ื ื•ืกืฃโ€ฌ โ€ซื›- 001 ื—ื“ืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื“ื™ื•ืจ ืžื•ื’ืŸ ื’ืœื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซ15 ื‘ืชื™ ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืžื•ื’ืŸ, ื‘ื›ืœืœืโ€ฌ โ€ซืขืžื™ื’ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืกื‘ื• ืืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื’ืŸ,โ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืžืขื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซ32 ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉื”ื•ืกื‘ื•โ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ื™ื•ืจโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืกื‘ืช ืžืขื•ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ืขื•ื“ 76 ื™ื—"ื“โ€ฌ โ€ซ72โ€ฌ
  • 30. โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช"โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ืžื•ื’ืŸ.โ€ฌ โ€ซืžื•ื’ืŸ.โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืขื•ืœื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื—ื™ืฅ ืืกื˜ื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื ื•ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซื™ื–ืžื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื™ืฆื™ืจืช โ€ชBuferโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื˜ื— ืงืจืงืข ืจื™ืงโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืกื—ืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื•ืื—ืจื™ื• ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื” ืงืœื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ืจื›ื‘ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืคื™ืกื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืกื™ืœื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืกื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืœืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช.โ€ฌ โ€ซื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื”.โ€ฌ โ€ซืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื.โ€ฌ โ€ซืœืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื.โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืงืžืช ืžื“ืจื—ื•ื‘โ€ฌ โ€ซื•ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช.โ€ฌ โ€ซ1. ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื” 000,1 $ ืœืž"ืจโ€ฌ โ€ซ2. ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืœื“ื™ื™ืจ ืฉื™ืชืคื ื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™, ื•ืื• ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ 0052- 0003 โ‚ช ืœื™ื—' ืœืžืฉืšโ€ฌ โ€ซืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ 63 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.โ€ฌ โ€ซ82โ€ฌ
  • 31. โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ "โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ THE COMMERCIAL STRIP AS ECONOMIC GENERATOR AND COMMUNAL CATALYST Our commercial strip is the economic and social binder of our project. Economically, the area will provide employment, business opportunity and increased real estate value to the area. On a social level the promenade will provide the neighborhood with a c center. The area will serve as a place of convenience in that it will include a variety of shops, and will also act as a meeting place. Its pedestrianized character makes it safe for children, and also conducive to social interaction. This will enhance the overall spirit of the shikunim, bringing life to the neighborhood. Over time this location can be used as a place for the display of public art as well as a location for public events. The commercial strip will be built of prefabricated buildings. These constructions constructions are inexpensive and are largely assembled in a factory, rather than on site. This kind of construction suits our plan because it means less building and also minimized construction time. Additionally, prefabricated buildings will give the prome give promenade a modern, sleek aesthetic, enlivening the area. A number of things to know about pre pre-fabricated buildings: Cost: Usually between $35 to $100 per square foot Materials: Aluminum, steel, wood, fiberglass and concrete (all sustainable materials) luminum, Some examples of pre-fabricated building being used for commercial purposes: fabricated How the assembly looks: 29
  • 32. โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ "โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ The following is a sample project proposal we would present to potential investors: Image Sources http://blogs.walkerart.org/offcenter/wp-content/offcenter/FF_82_prefab3_f.jpg DNA projects Land Development Project Proposal: DNA Projects (Dan, Nir and Anaelle) will meet all your needs and goals to develop the currently unused area between the train tracks and the housing into a vibrant commercial promenade. The Objectiveโ€ฆ Develop land owned by the municipality, located in Bat Galimโ€™s South, between the train station and the housing blocks. โ™ฆ Need #1: Permits and licenses from the municipality. โ™ฆ Need #2: Investment money to complete the development. โ™ฆ Need #3: Contractor familiar with prefabricated building. The Opportunityโ€ฆ To change a currently low-cost, high-potential area into a financially rewarding, lively space. โ™ฆ Advantage #1: Little investment money is required to finance this low-cost project that utilizes low-budget construction options. โ™ฆ Advantage #2: Gain revenue from neighborhood residents and train passengers. โ™ฆ Advantage #3: Invest in low-priced residential real estate along the strip whose value will increase in the future. The Solutionโ€ฆ Hire DNA Projects to plan this development strategy. โ™ฆ Goal #1: Create a strip of shops and cafรฉs running along a pedestrianized promenade. โ™ฆ Goal #2: Utilize pre-fabricated building for the construction. โ™ฆ Goal #3: Raise value of residential real estate located nearest to the strip. 30
  • 33. โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช"โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืกื™ื›ื•ื ื•ืžืกืงื ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืขืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื•, ืžื ืกื” ืœืชืช ืื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ื ืืฉืจ ื™ื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืœืฉื›ื•ื ื”. ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื "ืœ ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืžื•ืงื“ื™ื, ืชื•ืš ืžืฆื™ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื•ื• ืืช ื”ืžืคืชื— ืฉืžื ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš.โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ืข ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื ื• ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื’ืŸ, ืฉื™ืžืฉื•ืš ืืœื™ื• ืืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจืช ืฉืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื”. ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืืคืฉืจื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืœื”ืชื—ืœืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื.โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืžืกืคืจ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืœืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”, ื›ืืฉืจโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื›ืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื•ืฆืขื™ื ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช, ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื•ืกื•ื’ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื, ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ื›ื•ืœื™.โ€ฌ โ€ซืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื“ืจื” ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื• ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืจืฆื•ืขื” ื™ืจื•ืงื” ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืชื—ืžื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืื–ื•ืจ ืžืกื—ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉืจืช ืฉืชื™ ืžื˜ืจื•ืช:โ€ฌ โ€ซ1. ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืœืฉื›ื•ื ื” + ื˜ื™ื™ืœืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืขื ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืงื ื™ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ื™.โ€ฌ โ€ซ2. ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ื—ื™ืฅ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืกื™ืœืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื•ืฉื™ื›ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื.โ€ฌ โ€ซืื ื• ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื•ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ืขื ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช,ืขื™ืจื™ืช ื—ื™ืคื”, ืจื›ื‘ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื™ื–ืžื™ื, ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื•ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ืœืงโ€ฌ โ€ซืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ. ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื•ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื›ื•ืœื•, ืžื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื•ืขื“ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ.โ€ฌ โ€ซืžืกืงื ื•ืช:โ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืชืฆื ืœืคื•ืขืœ, ื•ืื›ืŸ ืชืชืจื—ืฉ ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืœืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื ื•ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื‘ื“ืšโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžื•ืฆืขืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื•. ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืชื”ืคื•ืš ืœืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื—ื™ืคื”.โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื™ื ืชืฆื™ืข ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช, ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื, ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืื™ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื”.โ€ฌ โ€ซืžื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืœ 6 โ€“ 8 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื—ืžื™ื ืขื ื—ืฆืจื•ืช ื ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื, ืžืขืจืš ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืงื•ืžืคืงื˜ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืชื›ื ืก ืœื—ืฆืจื•ืช ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื•ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื™ืงืคื™ื™ื.โ€ฌ โ€ซืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ื•ืงืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ืคืจื™ืข ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืชืงื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื”, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจโ€ฌ โ€ซืžื˜ืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืคื™ืชื•ื— ื™ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืื–ื•ืจ. ื™ืฉ ืœืชืช ื“ื’ืฉ ืจื‘ ืœืชื–ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืœื”ื ื™ืข ืื•ืชื ื•ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื ืœื”ืชื‘ืฆืข.โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ืงืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื ื™ืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ื”ื ืœืื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื›ื ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืื• ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืขืโ€ฌ โ€ซื™ื–ืžื™ื ืื• ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข, ื”ื ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืื• ื”ื–ืจื–ื™ื ืฉื™ื’ืจืžื• ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื”, ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชื—ืžื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืœืคื™ ืžืฆื‘ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื›ืœื›ืœื™, ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™, ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ? ื”ืื ื™ืจื›ืฉื• ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืื• ื™ืฉื›ืจื• ? ืžืชื™ ื”ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื™ืขื‘ืจื• ?โ€ฌ โ€ซ13โ€ฌ
  • 34. โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช"โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืขื ื”ืชื—ื–ืงื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื”, ื•ื”ืื™ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงื•ื ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™, ื˜ื•ืคื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื•ืืงืœื™ื ื”ื™ื ืชื”ืคื•ืšโ€ฌ โ€ซืœืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืคื”. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืฉื•ื›ื ืช ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื™ื ื›ืคื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจื” ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™.โ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืขื•ื“ ื›ืขืฉื•ืจ ืžื•ืฆืข ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื•, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื—ืœืงืŸ ื™ืžื•ืžืฉื•.โ€ฌ โ€ซืœื”ืชืื™ืžื” ื•ืื• ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื™ืกืคืงื• ืžืขื ื” ืœื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.โ€ฌ โ€ซ23โ€ฌ
  • 35. โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ "โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื”โ€ฌ Jabareen, Y. "A New Conceptual Framework for Sustainable Development." Environment, Development and Sustainability, July 9, 2006: 179-192. Jabareen, Yosef Rafeq. "Sustainable Urban Forms: Their Typologies, Models and Concepts." Journal of Planning Education and Research, 2006: 38-52. Jacobs, Jane. The Death and Life of Great American Cities. Modern Library (February 9, 1993) Mumford, Lewis. The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects. Mariner Books; 1968. Waugh, Dave C., "Buying New Urbanism: A Study of New Urban Characteristics that Residents Most Value" (2004).Applied Research Projects. Paper 22. โ€ซืžืžื•ืกื“ ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ืงื”. ืžื•ืกื“โ€ฌ โ€ซืขืฆืžื™ ืœืขื•ืžืช ืฉื™ืงื•โ€ฌ โ€ซื›ืจืžื• , ื . ื’ื‘ืจื™ืืœื™, ืช. ืฉื™ืงื•โ€ฌ .1982 , โ€ซืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ืืžโ€ฌ โ€ซืœืจืž , ืข. ืชื“ืจื™ ืชื›ื ื• ืœื”ืงืฆืืช ืงืจืงืข ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื”ืžื›ื• ืœืžื—ืงืจ ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— )ืžืฉืจื“โ€ฌ .2005 โ€ซื”ืคื ื™ ( ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจโ€ฌ (โ€ซื‘ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™, ืื•ื ' ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ )ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืคืจื ืง, ืค. ืฉื™ืชื• ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™โ€ฌ 33
  • 36. โ€ซืื•ืœืคืŸ -2 ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ "โ€ซื‘ืช ื’ืœื™ื "ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ Municipality of Haifa. GIS Internet Site of the Engineers of of Haifa. http://147.236.237.40/website/gis55/gis-net.asp?citycode=4000 (accessed July 25, 2010). Survey of Israel. Israel Geospatial Information Portal. http://www.govmap.gov.il/viewer.asp (accessed August 31, 2010). http://www.futurist.com/2008/08/12/future-of-sustainable-affordable-housing-a-prototype http://www.buildingsguide.com/ http://arnona.co.il/magazine/vol-18/batia.html โ€ซืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ืžื™ืกื™ื ื•ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ, ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืžื•ื’ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ http://israelaffordablehousing.blogspot.com/2010/03/blog-post_21.html โ€ซืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฌ http://shout.co.il/org/org.asp?orgId=1630&visitOrgUrl=www.miu.org.il/MIU_v4/index.ht ht Rappaport, Ruti. Bat Galim - 13. Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation, Haifa: Department of City Planning, 2010. Image Sources http://blogs.walkerart.org/offcenter/wp-content/offcenter/FF_82_prefab3_f.jpg http://www.seedsandfruit.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/crane-prefab-edgar- blazona.jpg http://www.busyboo.com/wp-content/uploads/prefab-home-spacebox-5.jpg http://www.inhabitat.com/wp-content/uploads/pumaretail_prefab.jpg http://www.sustain.ca/downloads/PICS/200912WIDE/12WIDE-TOP-S.jp 34