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Endocrine Regulation In
- 1. Competencies-Based Curricullum 4th Semester 7th Block
- 2. Growth is defined as an increase in size Development is defined as a progression toward maturity Thus the terms are used together to describe the complex physical, mental, and emotional processes associated with the “growing up” .
- 3. adolescence is derived from the Latin word “adolescere” meaning to grow, to mature a period of human development encompassing the transition from childhood to adulthood.
- 4. biological changes and sexual maturation that occur during the transition from childhood to adulthood. Average age of onset: 10 (range 8-13) years in Girls 12 (range 10-15) years in Boys
- 5. Two processes contribute to physical manifestations of puberty: adrenarche & gonadarche Adrenarche : - 6th - 8th years of age, adrenal androgen secretion - accompanied by : a. Change in pilosebaceous b. Transient growth spurt and the c. Appearance of axillary & pubic hair but no sexual development Gonadarche : production of sex steroids for the development of secondary sexual characteristics, permits the emergence of fertility, and mediates a wide range of other physiologic effects.
- 8. OVARIAN REGULATION Hypothalamus GnRH release Pituitary gland FSH LH Ovary Inhibin estrogen
- 9. FSH increase in girls on puberty associate with ovarian activation LH & FSH secretion occurs throughout day & night FSH controlled mural granulosa cell to produce estradiol (most potent estrogen) LH controlled theca cell to produce androstenedione
- 10. Estrogens produced by ovaries induce/maintain secondary sexual characteristics and sustain germ cell production • Breast development • Libido • Body composition • Bone mineralization
- 11. 8 Age (year) 14 14
- 12. Stage Breast Development (B) Anterior Lateral 1 Prepubertal; no breast tissue 2 Areolar enlargement with breast bud 3 Enlargement of breast & areola as single mound 4 Projection of arola above breast as double mound 5 Mature adult breast with single contour
- 13. Stage Pubic Hair (PH) Picture 1 None None 2 A few darker hairs along labia 3 Curly pigmented hairs across pubes 4 Small adult configuration 5 Adult pubic hair configuration
- 14. 24 • Pubertal growth accounts for 22 about 20% of final adult height 20 Height Gain (cm/year) 18 • Pubertal total gain ~ 20-25cm 16 in females and 30cm in males 14 12 10 • Growth spurt & Fat deposition : 8 - 10-13 years girls taller & more 6 developed than same age boys 4 - Later stimulation of growth due 2 to increasing testosterone 0 246 8 10 12 14 16 18 Age (years)
- 15. The average lean body mass of teen females falls from 80%-74% to 16%-27% by the end of adolescence Females experience a 120% increase in body fat during puberty Teen females acquire approximately 1.14 kg of body fat mass each year during puberty.
- 16. Male Puberty
- 17. TESTICULAR REGULATION Hypothalamus GnRH release Pituitary gland FSH LH Testis Inhibin Testosterone (From the Sertoli cells) (From the Leyding cells)
- 18. v LH acts primarily on leydig cell to stimulate testosteron synthesis FSH acts on sertoli cell to reglate spermatogenesis
- 19. 9 Age (years) 15
- 20. Stage Genital Maturity Pubic Hair Gambar 1 Pre pubertal, testis 2ml None 2 Enlargement testis > 4ml, A few darker hairs at reddening of the scrotum the basis of the penis 3 Lengthening of the penis; Curly pigmented hair Further enlargement of across pubes the testis to 6-10cm 4 Broadening of the glands Small adult penis; Growth of testis to configuration 10-15ml
- 21. Testosterone –Deepens the voice and increases body muscle mass (lean body mass). Change of body shape Body fat levels decrease among males during adolescence, dropping to an average of 12% body fat by the end of puberty.
- 22. Thank You Puberty, 1894 Munch