About XML

<? xml ?> hussein suleman uct csc3003s 2006

Outline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Markup ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Is LaTeX outdated because of its markup language

Markup Example ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Can we build a parser for this ML?

SGML ,[object Object],[object Object],Why don’t we need a closing title tag?

HTML ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

XML ,[object Object],[object Object]

Relationship SGML HTML XML XHTML v1.0 v1.0 v4.0 SEMANTICS STRUCTURE

XML Primer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

XML Sample ,[object Object],XML declaration comment DTD root element start tag/element entity end tag/element text attribute

Exercise 1: View XML ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Well-formedness ,[object Object],one root, proper nesting <uct> <stuff>… </stuff> </uct> multiple roots <uct> <stuff>… </stuff> </uct> <uct> <otherstuff>… </otherstuff> </uct> improper nesting <uct> <stuff>… </uct> </stuff>   

Validity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Levels of Correctness ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Exercise 2: View XML Error ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

XML declaration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],recommended for all: standalone recommended for most European languages: UTF-8

Unicode ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Common characters should take less space to store/transmit - less common characters can take more space!

UTF-16 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ouch!

UTF-8 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],You mean we can’t actually write XML with Notepad/vi ?

Document Type Definition (DTD) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Elements / Tags ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Element Structure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Does this work in HTML?

Special attributes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Entities ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Byte Order Marker ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Exercise 3a: XML to store data ,[object Object],users 2006 date Markup & XML title machine name nithia john vusi 36 24 12

Exercise 3b: Handwritten XML ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

XML Namespaces ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Default Namespaces ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Universal Resource Locator (URL) = location-specific Universal Resource Name (URN) = location-independent Universal Resource Identifier (URI) = generic identifier

Explicit Namespaces ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Can you rewrite the last example? ,[object Object],[object Object]

Exercise 4: Namespaces ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Parsing XML ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],XML, SAX, DOM … is everything a TLA? application parser <?xml?> api

SAX ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

SAX Example ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],What happened to the attributes? pseudo-code: startCallback { output “start tag: “,tag } … main_program { register_starthandler (startCallback) … do_parse }

DOM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],W3C?

DOM Tree title author whitespace whitespace whitespace version whitespace whitespace number whitespace whitespace uct whitespace 1.0 test XML document Pat Pukram Attribute List email=pat@cs.uct.ac.za office=410 type=lecturer document

DOM Example ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Perl is popular for its text-processing capabilities. Java is popular because of its libraries and servlet support.

DOM Interface subset 1/3 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

DOM Interface subset 2/3 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

DOM Interface subset 3/3 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

DOM Bindings ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

SAX vs. DOM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],there is another … actually, others

XML Schema ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Schema structure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Sequences ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Nested Elements ,[object Object],[object Object]

Extensions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Attributes ,[object Object],[object Object]

Named Types ,[object Object],[object Object]

Other Content Models ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Many more details about content models can be found in specification!

Schema Namespaces ,[object Object],[object Object]

Full Schema 1/2 ,[object Object]

Full Schema 2/2 ,[object Object]

Binding XML Instances to Schemata ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Qualified Valid XML ,[object Object],cool trick: use one of Xerces’s sample programs, like dom.Counter with a “-v” parameter, to do Schema validation!

Validating XML (using Schema) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Exercise 5a: XML Schema Validation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Exercise 5b: XML Schema Validation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Exercise 5c: XML Schema Validation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Exercise 5d: XML Schema Validation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Exercise 5e: XML Schema Validation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Exercise 5f: XML Schema Validation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Exercise 5g: XML Schema Validation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Data and Metadata ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],the <uct> record can be considered to be metadata

Dublin Core ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Rights Coverage Relation Language Source Identifier Format Type Date Contributor Publisher Description Subject Creator Title

Dublin Core in XML ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Why is there a separate namespace for the root element?

Metadata Transformation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Come on, there must be an easier way!

XPath ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

XPath Syntax ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

XPath Shorthand Parent node .. Version nodes for which “number” has content of “1.0” version[number=‘1.0’] Version nodes that have “number” children version[number] Context node . All author nodes that are descendent from top level //author Last title within uct node at top level of document /uct/title[last()] First author node author[1] “ office” attribute @office All children * “ title” children title What it selects in current context Expression

XSL ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Philosophically, besides programmers, nobody should ever have to read/write XML!

XSLT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Applying XSLT Transformations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

XSLT Templates ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

XSLT Special Tags ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

XSLT Language 1/3 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

XSLT Language 2/3 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

XSLT Language 3/3 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Full XSLT 1/2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Full XSLT 2/2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],note: this is not the simplest XSLT for this problem

Transformed XML ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],why all the extraneous “xmlns”s?

Exercise 6: XSLT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

XSL Formatting Objects ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Example XSL-FO ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Example XSLT (XSL-FO) 1/3 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Example XSLT (XSL-FO) 2/3 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Example XSLT (XSL-FO) 3/3 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

XQuery ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

XQuery Expressions 1/2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

XQuery Expressions 2/2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

FLWOR Expressions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

FLWOR Example ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

FLWOR For, Let ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

FLWOR Where, OrderBy, Return ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

FLWOR for DB Joins ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

XML Databases ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Blob/Clob/etc. ,[object Object],TestXML XMLBlob Id

Tree Representation Nodes Note: Whitespace nodes have been ignored! Links Pat Pukram Text 8 test XML document Text 3 number Element 10 1.0 Text 11 lecturer type Attribute 7 version Element 9 title Element 2 author Element 4 [email_address] email Attribute 5 410 office Attribute 6 1 Id Element Type Value Label uct 9 1 10 9 7 4 8 4 3 2 4 1 5 4 6 4 10 1 Parent id 11 2 Child id

Relation Representation main table author table uct Institute test XML document Title id VersionNumber 1 1.0 1 id Pat Pukram Author [email_address] Email Type Office lecturer 410

Evaluation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Are we only interested in relational queries? Google-like queries?

References 1/3 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

References 2/3 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

References 3/3 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

About XML

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About XML