MySQL basics

1. MySQL 101
MySQL (play /maɪ ˌɛskjuːˈɛl/ "My S-Q-L",
[3] officially, but also incorrectly called /ma ɪ
ˈsiːkwəl/ "My Sequel") is the world's most
used[4] relational database management
system (RDBMS)[5] that runs as a server
providing multi-user access to a number of
databases. The SQL phrase stands for
Structured Query Language.[7] – Wikipedia
1
Http://slideshare.net/davestokes/presentations

2. Agenda
➔ Installation
➔ Starting MySQL
➔ Stopping MySQL
➔ Connecting to MySQL
➔ Loading data
➔ Looking at data
➔ Backup
➔ Login/Authentication
➔ Where to go from here
➔ Suggestions
➔ Questions and Answers
David.Stokes@Oracle.com @stoker 2

3. Installation
 MySQL is available for most Operating
Systems
 Binaries, RPMS and DEBs available
 Windows
 Source Code
 http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/ Is what I
recommend
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/getting-mysql.html 3

4. Packages
 sudo apt-get install mysql5
 rpm -Uhv mysql5
May have slightly different names,
may have client utilities separate
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/linux-installation.html 4

5. Binaries
shell> groupadd mysql
shell> useradd -r -g mysql mysql
shell> cd /usr/local
shell> tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz
shell> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql
shell> cd mysql
shell> chown -R mysql .
shell> chgrp -R mysql .
shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
shell> chown -R root .
shell> chown -R mysql data
# Next command is optional
shell> cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
# Next command is optional
shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server
5
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/linux-installation.html

6. Configuration Files
shell> cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
 The configuration files have not aged well. They were
written long ago. Please read through the choices to
find one that best matches your system.
 MySQL will use built-it defaults, almost guaranteed not
to be optimal for your environment if no my.cnf is
present
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/binary-installation.html 6

7. Starting MySQL
shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
This command is what starts your MySQL server. It runs a
wrapper script as user mysql in the background. You might also
see this wrapper wrapped
/etc/init.d/mysql start or service mysql start
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/binary-installation.html 7

8. mysqld
 What is that wrapper running? The mysqld
binary
 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld –user=mysql
(And other options from /etc/mysql/my.cnf)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/mysqld.html 8

9. /etc/mysql/my.cnf
Options for your
[client]
 port=3306
MySQL Server [mysql]
default-character-set=latin1
 Please use as CLI [mysqld]
# The TCP/IP Port the MySQL Server will listen on
options are not good port=3306
for long term sanity! #Path to installation directory. All paths are usually resolved
relative to this.
basedir="C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.5/"
 Use your favorite #Path to the database root
change control datadir="C:/Documents and Settings/All Users/Application
Data/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.5/Data/"
program to track # The default character set that will be used when a new
schema or table is
changes # created and no character set is defined
character-set-server=latin1
# The default storage engine that will be used when create new
tables when
default-storage-engine=INNODB
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/option-files.html 9

10. Configuration file has
sections for the various
MySQL Programs
[client]
Settings for client programs
port=3306
[mysql] General settings
default-character-set=latin1
[mysqld] Server
settings
# The TCP/IP Port the MySQL Server will listen on
port=3306
#Path to installation directory. All paths are usually resolved
relative to this.
basedir="C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.5/"
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/server-options.html 10

11. STOP!!!!!!
 service mysql stop
 /etc/init.d/mysql stop
mysqladmin -u root shutdown
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/mysqladmin.html 11

12. Connecting
shell> mysql db_name
shell> mysql --user=user_name
--password=your_password db_name
mysql db_name < script.sql > output.tab
Use the mysql client program to connect to the server
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/mysql.html 12

13. Connect to Another Host
shell> mysql –host=host db_name
shell> mysql -h host db_name
These two commands are equivalent
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/mysql-command-options.html 13

14. Connected
14

15. s (stats)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/mysql-commands.html 15

16. SHOW DATABASES
terminate with ; or g
; g
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/mysql-commands.html 16

17. q
Use q to exit the mysql client
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/mysql-commands.html 17

18. Loading Data
 Example databases
 World
 Sakila
 Download from http://dev.mysql.com/doc/index-other.html
shell> mysql
mysql> create database worldg
mysql> use worldg
mysql> source world_innodb.sql
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/index-other.html 18

19. Looking At Data
mysql> show tables;
mysql> select * from City;
mysql> SELECT Name, CountryCode
--> FROM City
→ WHERE Population > 10000000;
19

20. Backup
 Physical versus logical
 Many options, many tools
 Restoration from backup needs to be tested
 shell> mysqldump --all-databases > dump.sql
 shell> mysqldump --databases db1 db2 db3 >
dump.sql
(and to restore)
 shell> mysql < dump.sql
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/backup-and-recovery.html 20

21. Login/Authentication
 MySQL authentication is a little primitive
 The mysql database has tables for login
information
 Easy to get confused
 Use a tool like MySQL Workbench
 Be stingy with permissions
 Read chapter 6 of the MySQL manual
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/grant-table-structure.html 21

22. mysql.user table
 Host
 User
 Password
 Privileges
 Connection constraints (ssl, time, # connections)
 The server will first check Host address first, then
user and password.
 Joe @ foo.net can have separate privs than Joe @
127.0.0.1 and % @ foo.net can trump Joe @
foo.net
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/grant-table-structure.html 22

23. Workbench
Administrative View
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/workbench.html 23

24. You can use the CLI but ...
Yes, you can type in the
mysql> select * from user where User='joe' limit 1G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Host: %
User: joe
settings for a new account
Password:
Select_priv: N
Insert_priv: N
Update_priv: N
by hand but it is easy to
Delete_priv: N
Create_priv: N
Drop_priv: N
Reload_priv: N
fat finger one of the thirty
Shutdown_priv: N
Process_priv: N
File_priv: N
Grant_priv: N
privs.
References_priv: N
Index_priv: N
Alter_priv: N
Show_db_priv: N
Super_priv: N
Create_tmp_table_priv: N
Lock_tables_priv: N
Execute_priv: N
Repl_slave_priv: N
Repl_client_priv: N
Create_view_priv: N
Show_view_priv: N
Other tools have similar
Create_routine_priv: N
Alter_routine_priv: N
Create_user_priv: N
Event_priv: N
features and you should
Trigger_priv: N
Create_tablespace_priv: N
ssl_type:
ssl_cipher:
use them to avoid dumb
x509_issuer:
x509_subject:
max_questions: 0
max_updates: 0
errors.
max_connections: 0
max_user_connections: 0
plugin:
authentication_string: NULL
24

25. Where To Go From Here
 Training
 Classes
 Mysql.com/training
 Local user groups or colleges
 Webinars
 Conferences
 MySQL Connect/Oracle Open World
 MySQL Innovation Day (Webcast)
 SELF
 Planet.MySQL.Com
 Forums.MySQl.Com
25

26. Suggestions
 MySQL
Administrator's Bible –
Sheeri Cabral
26

27. Also Suggested
High Performance MySQL- Schwartz, Zaitsev, and
Tkachenko
3rd Edition!!!
27

28. A New Series
Effective MySQL Backup and Recovery, Effective
MySQL Optimizing Statements, Ronald Bradford
28

29. MySQL Certification
Aging but still
the Certification
Guide
29

30. Questions/Answers
David.Stokes@Oracle.com @stoker 30