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Holt Handbook Chapter 6 The Clause: Independent Clauses and Subordinate Clauses
What is a Clause? ,[object Object],*Every clause has a subject and a verb. However, not every clause expresses a complete thought.
The Independent Clause ,[object Object],The sun set an hour ago.  (This entire sentence is an independent clause) After I finish studying,  I will go to the movies.  (The sentence contains one subordinate clause and one independent clause) Jean Merill wrote  The Pushcart War , and Ronni Solbert illustrated the book.  (This sentence contains two  independent clauses)
The Subordinate Clause ,[object Object],A word such as that, what, or since often signals the beginning of a subordinate clause.  that  I wanted what  she saw since  most plants die without light
The Adjective Clause ,[object Object],An adjective clause usually follows the word or words it modifies and tells which one or what kind. An adjective clause is usually introduced by a relative pronoun.  Common relative Pronouns that which who whom whose
The Adverb Clause ,[object Object],*An adverb clause tells where, when, how, why, to what extent, or under what condition.  An adverb clause is introduced by a subordinating conjunction- a word that shows the relationship between the adverb clause and the word or words that the clause modifies. Common Subordinating Conjunctions after  although  as  as if  as long as  as soon as as though because before  how  if  in order that since so that  than  though unless  until when whenever where wherever whether while
The Noun Clause ,[object Object],A noun clause may be used as a subject, as a complement (such as a predicate nominative, a direct object, or an indirect object), or as an object of a preposition. Common Introductory Words for Noun Clauses how that what  whatever when whether which  who  whoever whom whomever why

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Holt Handbook Chapter 6