Scaling Online ML Predictions At DoorDash
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DoorDash is a 3-sided marketplace that consists of Merchants, Consumers, and Dashers. As DoorDash business grows, the online ML prediction volume grows exponentially to support the various Machine Learning use cases, such as the ETA predictions, the Dasher assignments, the personalized restaurants and menu items recommendations, and the ranking of the large volume of search queries. The prediction service built to meet above use cases now supports many dozens of models spanning different Machine Learning algorithms such as gradient boosting, neural networks and rule-based. The service supports greater than 10 billion predictions every day with a peak hit rate of above 1 million per second. In this session, we will share our journey of building and scaling our Machine Learning platform and particularly the prediction service, the various optimizations experimented, lessons learned, technical decisions and tradeoffs made. We will also share how we measure success and how we set goals for the future. Finally, we will end by highlighting the challenges ahead of us in extending our Machine Learning platform to support the Data Scientist community and a wider set use cases at DoorDash.
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Scaling Online ML Predictions At DoorDash
- 1. Scaling Online ML Predictions at DoorDash Hien Luu & Arbaz Khan ML Platform, DoorDash
- 2. Agenda ▪ DoorDash Marketplace ▪ ML @ DoorDash ▪ ML Platform Journey ▪ Scaling ML Online Predictions ▪ Lessons Learned & Future Work
- 4. DoorDash Marketplace Our mission is to grow and empower local economies
- 5. DoorDash Marketplace Delivery & Pickup DashPass Subscription Convenience & Grocery
- 7. DoorDash Marketplace Three-sided Marketplace - Flywheel Effect
- 8. DoorDash Marketplace Three-sided Marketplace - Flywheel Effect
- 9. DoorDash Marketplace Three-sided Marketplace - Flywheel Effect
- 10. DoorDash Marketplace Flywheel Effect Merchant Dasher Consumer DoorDash Flywheel
- 11. Machine Learning @ DoorDash
- 12. Food Order Lifecycle Step 2 Order Checkout Step 3 Dispatching Order Step 4 Delivering Order Creating Order Step 1
- 13. Creating Order Creating Order Step 1 Recommendation & Search Promotion
- 14. Order Checkout Recommendation Step 2 Order Checkout Fraud
- 15. Dispatching Order Step 3 Dispatching Order Merchants Dashers
- 16. Delivering Order Step 4 Delivering Order Consumers
- 17. Machine Learning Platform Journey
- 18. DS/ML Fraud …. Machine Learning Platform Journey Centralized ML Platform DS/ML Cx DS/ML Mx DS/ML Lx DS/ML Fraud ….
- 19. Machine Learning Platform Journey ML Platform Pillars Feature Engineering Model Training Model Prediction Model Management ML Insights Think big, but start small
- 20. Machine Learning Platform Journey Feature Service Feature Store (Redis) Online Prediction Service Real-time Features Historical Features Feature Engineering Production Systems
- 21. Machine Learning Platform Journey Model Training Service Model Store Online Prediction Service Model Training & Management Python Python Python
- 22. Machine Learning Platform Journey Feature Store (Redis) Online Prediction Service Prediction Results Model Prediction Model Store Prediction Requests Load models Fetch features
- 25. Isn’t it same as scaling any other microservice? Scaling Online Predictions
- 26. Larger payloads Heavier computations Production + Experiment traffic Near real-time auditing Challenges of scaling
- 27. Ok but what do you mean by scaling?
- 28. Users DSML Microservices Business vector created by macrovector - www.freepik.com
- 29. Users DSML Microservices Business vector created by macrovector - www.freepik.com - more models - new features - more experiments
- 30. Users DSML Microservices Business vector created by macrovector - www.freepik.com - higher request throughput - more uptime - more models - new features - more experiments
- 31. Four phases of scaling I II III IV User Isolation Optimize to survive Uh-oh Infrastructure Happy Horizontal Scaling
- 32. Phase I: Happy Horizontal Scaling
- 33. Prediction Store Prediction Microservice Feature Store Metrics Model Store Phase I: Happy Horizontal Scaling
- 35. Use Case Latency Dasher Dispatch 133.194 ms delivery-predictors 103.838 ms Feed ranking 33.146 ms Item Recommendation 28.631 ms ETA prediction 11.889 ms Kitchen capacity 2.163 ms
- 36. Phase II: User isolation
- 37. Strategies of User isolation
- 38. All in One Strategies of User isolation
- 39. All in One One service per model Strategies of User isolation
- 40. All in One One service per model Hybrid Strategies of User isolation
- 41. Is hybrid isolation the way to go always?
- 42. How far hybrid isolation took your scaling attempts?
- 43. Hitting the limits peak predictions / sec Prediction Store Model Store Metrics Prediction Microservice Feature Store Prediction Microservice Feature Store Prediction Microservice Feature Store Model Store
- 44. Phase III: Optimize to survive
- 45. Hitting the limits peak predictions / sec Prediction Store Model Store Metrics Prediction Microservice Feature Store Prediction Microservice Feature Store Prediction Microservice Feature Store Model Store
- 46. Microservice optimizations Parameter tuning Runtime optimizations Load testing Latency profiling OBSERVE ITERATE
- 50. Phase IV: Uh-oh infrastructure!!
- 51. Stifled infrastructure - Splunk quota exceeded - Wavefront metrics limit breached - Blocked by Segment for sending “too many” events - High Service Discovery (Consul) CPU threatening a total outage
- 52. Stifled infrastructure - Splunk quota exceeded Only essential and sampled logging - Wavefront metrics limit breached Move to prometheus from statsd - Blocked by Segment for sending “too many” events Use in-house Kafka streaming instead - High Service Discovery (Consul) CPU threatening a total outage Beef up further to reduce number of discoverable pods
- 53. peak predictions / sec Prediction Store Model Store Metrics Prediction Microservice Feature Store V2 Prediction Microservice Feature Store Prediction Microservice Feature Store Prediction Microservice Feature Store V2 Model Store
- 54. Summary • Isolate use cases wherever possible • Scaling out always will either bust budgets or stop helping • Pen down infrastructure dependencies and implications
- 55. Lessons Learned • Happy path and unhappy less happy path • Customer obsession • Big vision, but build incrementally
- 56. Future Work ● More microservice optimizations ● Generalized model serving ○ NLP & Image recognition ● Unified prediction client