Introduction to HTML and CSS

Introduction to
HTML & CSSDan Paquette

All programs start
as empty text files*
*Hint: a website is a program.

So let’s
create
a text file.
• Create a folder on your
desktop.
• Open Notepad.
• Save it as index.html in your
folder.
• Open it in your browser.
• Pat yourself on the back.
• Having trouble? On a Mac?
Go to:
https://codepen.io/pen/

Let’s Learn HTML
HTML means Hypertext Markup Language

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
index.html
Document structure and the Doctype.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>My Website</title>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
My Website
The title tag.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h1>My Website</h1>
<p>Welcome to my website!</p>
</body>
</html>
My Website
The title tag.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h1>My Website</h1>
<h2>My Website</h2>
<h3>My Website</h3>
<h4>My Website</h4>
<h5>My Website</h5>
<h6>My Website</h6>
</body>
</html>
My Website
Heading tags.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<p>
Welcome to my <em>totally</em>
<strong>awesome</strong> website!
</p>
</body>
</html>
My Website
Inline tags and semantics.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<ul>
<li>List Item</li>
<li>List Item</li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li>List Item</li>
<li>List Item</li>
</ol>
</body>
</html>
My Website
The ordered list and unordered list tags.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<a href="https://www.google.com">
This is a link to Google!
</a>
</body>
</html>
My Website
The anchor tag.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<p>
This is a paragraph inside of a div
</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
My Website
The divider tag.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<img
src="https://i.imgur.com/INMtSvO.jpg"
alt="Image description." />
</body>
</html>

My Website
The image tag.

List of All HTML Tags
<a> <abbr> <address> <area> <article> <aside> <audio> <base>
<bdi> <bdo> <blockquote> <body> <br> <button> <canvas>
<caption> <cite> <code> <col> <colgroup> <data> <datalist> <dd>
<del> <details> <dfn> <div> <dl> <dt> <em> <embed> <fieldset>
<figcaption> <figure> <footer> <form> <h1> <h2> <h3> <h4> <h5>
<h6> <head> <header> <hr> <html> <iframe> <img> <input> <ins>
<kbd> <label> <legend> <li> <link> <main> <map> <mark> <meta>
<meter> <nav> <noframes> <noscript> <object> <ol> <optgroup>
<option> <output> <p> <param> <pre> <progress> <q> <rp> <rt>
<rtc> <ruby> <samp> <script> <section> <select> <slot> <small>
<source> <span> <strong> <style> <sub> <summary> <sup> <table>
<tbody> <td> <template> <textarea> <tfoot> <th> <thead> <time>
<title> <tr> <track> <ul> <var> <video> <wbr>

HTML Reference
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Eleme

Let’s Learn CSS
CSS means Cascading Style Sheets

Let’s create
another text
file.
• New, blank Notepad file.
• Save it as styles.css in the
same folder as your
index.html.
• Pat yourself on the back.
• Having trouble? On a Mac?
Go to:
https://codepen.io/pen/

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet"
href="styles.css" />
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

My Website
Linking the stylesheet.

<p>
This is my paragraph!
</p>

My Website
HTML
p {
background: green;
}
CSS
Let’s make it green!

<p>
</p>
My Website
HTML
p {
background: green;
color: white;
}
CSS
Let’s make it readable.

<p>
This is my paragraph! Let’s
make it longer!
</p>
My Website
HTML
p {
background: green;
color: white;
width: 150px;
height: 150px;
border-radius: 5px;
}
CSS
Styles for everything under the sun.

<p>
make it longer!
</p>
<p class="special-paragraph">
make it longer!
</p>
My Website
HTML
p {
background: green;
color: white;
width: 150px;
height: 150px;
border-radius: 5px;
}
.special-paragraph {
background: red;
}
/*
The period means we’re selecting a class
name rather than a tag.
*/
CSS
Class is in session.

<div class="container">
<p>
make it longer!
</p>
make it longer!
</p>
</div>
My Website
HTML
p {
background: green;
color: white;
width: 150px;
height: 150px;
border-radius: 5px;
}
background: red;
}
.container {
display: flex; /* Advanced! */
}
CSS
Let’s make them side-by-side.

<p>
make it longer!
</p>
Now I’m down here!
My Website
HTML
p {
background: green;
color: white;
width: 150px;
height: 150px;
border-radius: 5px;
margin-bottom: 100px;
}
CSS
Styles for everything under the sun.

<p>
make it longer!
</p>
My Website
HTML
p {
background: green;
color: white;
width: 150px;
height: 150px;
border-radius: 5px;
padding: 10px;
}
/*
We added padding. Why did our box get
bigger?
*/
CSS
Padding. Cool, but what happened?

</p>
My Website
HTML
p {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
padding: 10px;
}
background: green;
}
background: orange;
}
CSS
Learning the cascade.

<div class="special-div">
</p>
</div>
My Website
HTML
p {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
padding: 10px;
}
.special-div > .special-paragraph {
background: green;
}
CSS
The child selector.

</p>
</div>
My Website
HTML
p {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
padding: 10px;
}
.special-div > .special-paragraph {
background: green;
}
background: orange;
}
CSS
Specificity.

<p>
</p>
</div>
My Website
HTML
.special-div {
font-family: arial;
background: green;
color: white;
font-weight: bold;
}
/*
Certain properties, like font styles, colors, and
weights, inherit down to child DOM nodes.
*/
CSS
Inheritance.

<p>
</p>
</div>
My Website
HTML
.special-div {
padding: 10px;
background: green;
border: 3px solid red;
}
.special-div > p {
border: inherit;
}
/*
But you can make anything inherit if you try hard
enough.
*/
CSS
Inheritance, continued.

<p>
This is my
<strong>paragraph</strong>!
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<strong>List Item</strong>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
My Website
HTML
.special-div strong {
color: red;
}
CSS
The descendant selector.

</p>
<p class="other-special-paragraph">
</p>
My Website
HTML
.special-paragraph,
.other-special-paragraph {
color: red;
}
CSS
Multiple selectors, one rule.

There’s a lot we
didn’t cover.
But you’ve got the basics, and the rest is
just knowing where to look.

Mozilla Developer Network
References
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Eleme
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Referenc

Validators
HTML: https://validator.w3.org/
CSS: https://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/

Code Editors
https://code.visualstudio.com/https://atom.io/

Tutorials and Learning Aids
https://css-tricks.com/ https://www.codecademy.com/
https://caniuse.com/ https://stackoverflow.com/

Developer Tools
Chrome: View > Developer >
Developer Tools
Firefox: Tools > Developer > Toggle
Tools
Edge: F12
Safari: Develop > Show Web
Inspector

Thanks for listening!And feel free to ask questions!

Introduction to HTML and CSS

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