1. SOCIOLINGUISTIC
PATTERNS
By : Dannae Del Campo Méndez

2. Language and Social Class
Educatio
Social
n
Class Ocuppatio
n
Age Income
Sociolinguist
ics Network
Sex
Style

3. Sociolinguistic Patterns
External Regional
Patterns Patterns
Social Class Migration
Age
Sex
Style Urbanization
Network

4. Sociolinguistic Variables
 -Phonological Variables:
1.- Postvocalic /r/
England > The loss of /r/ following by a
consonant but not a vowel.
USA > The distribution of postvocalic /r/ reflects
the history of settlement patterns (colonists)
from Britain.

5.  ing : alveolar /n/ nasal /ŋ/
- Lower person’s social status uses alveolar /n/
 /h/ : alternation between /h/ and a lack of /h/
- Urban accents do not have initials /h/ (heart, hill,
etc..)
- Grammatical Variables:
- The variable concerns the use of non-standard
third person singular present tense verb form
without –s e.g he go.

6. Style
Forma Inform
l Style Dependin
al Style
g on :
Social Context, Relationship of the
participants, Social Class, Sex, Age,
Physical Environment and Topic.

7. Gender
Woman Men
-Women use higher status variants ( postvocalic /r/ and –
ing ).
-Tend to hypercorrect (more than man).
-Use more prestige forms.
-Women are more concerned with politeness.
* Hypercorrection: non-standard usage from the over-
application of a rule of grammar.

8. Age
Younger /t/ variable:
speakers use Marker of
more standard social class
forms than membership
young adults. amng adult and
school age
population.

9. Social Network People with
whom we
interact are a
Different socializing powerful source
habits of individuals of influence on
speech.
and their degree of
involment in the local
community.
• Is the one in which people whom a
Dense given speaker knows and nteracts
Network with also know each other.
• Is the one in which the individuals
Multiplex who interact are tied to one
Network another in other ways.

10. Standardization
One of the main
agents of Process:
inequality Convert one
variety into a
The aim is to remove standard by
variation and stablish fixing and
ONE system to serve regulating its
as a uniform one for a spelling,
group. grammar, etc...
The process
has never be
regarded as
complete.