1. Langkasuka
Langkasuka was an ancient Hindu Malay kingdom in the Malay Peninsula. Langkasuka
was also known as Lang-ya-Shiu. The kingdom along with Old Kedah was founded on the
Malay Peninsula among the earliest kingdoms. By following to the history, the founding of
the kingdom is in the 2nd century. According to Chinese visitors note that diplomatic
relations with Southeast Asian states in the 2nd century already, Langkasuka already existed
at that time.
The entries European historians believe that the state of Langkasuka, located on the east
coast of the Malay Peninsula between Senggora and Manitoba. Langkasuka was a Hindu state
located in the ancient Malay Peninsula. Based on the one source, this government was
founded in the 2nd century already. According to the history Malay, Langkasuka was
founded at Kedah and then moved to Patani. The question of how Langkasuka turned into
Patani still yet to be determined by historians because there is no clear historical record
thereon.
In the Chinese record of event, The journey of Langkasuka journey from east to west,
and twenty from north to south, it is 24,000 li in distance from Guangzhou. The capital was
said to be surrounded by a walls to create a city with double gates, towers and pavilions. The
kingdom's name in chinese records changed many time that was known as "Lang-ya-se-chia"
during the Song dynasty in 960-1279.
Many people believe that Langkawi get its name from the word of Langkasuka.
Historical sources are a few but according to the Dynasty Liang historical records;
government refers to "Langgasu" which founded in the first century.
The name of Langkasuka is also carry in the writing of Malay and Javanese, while
China writings never refer a state of Lang-ya-hsiu or Lang-chia-shu. In the 515M, the King of
Bhagadatta relationship with China was further strengthened with the ambassadors already
sent in 523, 531 and 568. In the 12th century, the state that is Langkasuka, Srivijaya and
patronage until 15th century was replaced by the Patani kingdom.