This document discusses various forms and examples of racism in Canada and the United States. It provides statistics showing that Aboriginal peoples, Muslims, and Blacks face discrimination. Different types of racism are defined, from overt to covert and internalized racism. The document also examines prejudice in media and society, as well as the authoritarian personality theory of prejudice. Examples of racism faced by Aboriginal and Black communities are given. The document argues that while mixed-race couples are growing, racism still persists in various areas of society.

1. RACISM TODAY-HOLDING
US BACK FROM MOVING
FORWARD
Rachael Crutchley and Danielle Lyver

2. WHAT IS RACISM?

3. JUST THE FACTS...
• 1 in 3 Canadians believe that Aboriginal Peoples and Muslims are the targets of discrimination
• In 2010, 1,401 incidents of hate crimes took place in Canada.
• 29% of hate crimes were motivated by religion,16% were motivated by sexual orientation
• Blacks were the most commonly targeted racial group in 2010 with 271 incidents of hate crimes.
(UFCW, 2013)

4. HISTORY OF RACISM IN
CANADA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HYmDzeonoUE

5. RACISM IN THE UNITED STATES AND
CANADA TODAY:
• The Ontario Human Rights Commission defines communities facing racism
as “racialized.” Race is a communal concept. This means that society
formulates thoughts of race constructed on geographic, historical, political,
economic, social and cultural factors, as well as physical traits (OHRC, 2016)
• Racism can be amenably exhibited in racial jokes, slurs, along with hate
crimes. It can also be more intensely engrained in attitudes, standards, and
stereotypical beliefs. In many cases, individuals do not even recognize that
they have these beliefs (OHRC, 2016)

6. · Aware/Blatant Racism: intention acts of racism to minorities
· Aware/Covert Racism: When racists are being racist but just
not saying it.
· Unaware/Unintentional Racism: “With the best of intentions,
the best of educations, and the greatest generosity of heart,
whites, operating on the misinformation fed to them from day
one, will behave in ways that are racist”
· Unaware/Self-Righteous Racism: “The ‘good white’ racist
attempts to shame anyone different from themselves
· Internalized Racism: Stereotypes and attitudes
(Yamato, 1991)

7. WHAT IS AVERSIVE RACISM?
Aversive racism is a type of contemporary racism that exhibits at the singular
level. Compared to the traditional type of racism, aversive racism operates,
often unintentionally, in subtle, and unintended ways (Oswald, n.d.). An
individual being subjected to aversive racism expresses attitudes that
embody equality, while along instantaneously feeling uncomfortable when
being around another individual from a particular group (Oswald, n.d.).
Examples…..
a person of African American background around a group of Caucasians.
Prejudice can be described as having previously decided what an individual
of another race is meant to be like based on slight, or no experience with
such people.

8. AN EXAMPLE OF PREJUDICE
Canada’s historical website shares a very interesting, and
effective example of prejudice. In Nova Scotia it was understood
that black people attending movies should not sit on the central
floor level. The main level was reserved for whites only, therefore
to guarantee that would be the case, various rates were charged
for tickets. An African-Canadian visiting from business ran into
some car problems, and needed a repair therefore decided to
pass the waiting time in a movie theatre. She originally bought a
ticket that was meant for black people, but having left her glasses
in the car, she decided to sit on the main floor to see

9. PREJUDICE (CONT’D)
When people found out, she was ordered to leave the
theatre, because she had paid the “Negro” rate, but was
sitting on the main floor. Even though she offered to pay
the difference, the woman was arrested, all while being
not allowed to consult a lawyer (Historica Canada, 2016

10. IF THE NUMBER OF MIXED RACED
COUPLES ARE GROWING THEN WHAT IS
THE PROBLEM?
• Over the past few decades, the percentage of mixed-race couples in Canada has
nearly doubled, from 2.6 per cent in 1991 to 4.6 per cent in 2011
• Vancouver’s mix race couples is 9.6 %, making them the most color blind city in
Canada
So what is the problem?
• The problem with racism is it still exists in our society through music, politics,
amongst our youth and adult populations.
• 81% of Chinese and South Asian descent living in BC report they’ve experienced
some type of discrimination as a result of their ethnicity (CBC News, 2014).

11. ABORIGINAL RACISM IN CANADA
• Residential schools: children were taken from their parents and taken to schools
where they endured physical, sexual and emotional abuse
• The aboriginals were relocated to reserves
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZpvMwbWSTBw
• The Aboriginal population increased by 232,385 people between 2006 and 2011
In 2016 aboriginal people are still not treated fairly
• There have been over 600 murdered and missing aboriginal woman *(CBC, 2013)..
What is being done to stop this issue?
• Aboriginal people are stereotyped as being unemployed, alcoholics and self abusive
(CBC, 2013)
• Poorest group in Canada, as a result of no employment options, no chance for
moving up in the workplace and are paid far lower wages (Hutchings. 1998)
• Over crowded reserves and poor housing

12. AFRICAN AMERICAN RACISM IN CANADA
• 3.9% of the provincial population and the third largest visible minority.
• In Ontario, Black Canadians reported the most hate-crimes with 271 incidents in
2010.
• Black Ontarians were 7x more likely than the average to be the victim of a hate
crime
• They feel discriminated against by police: A study by the Toronto Star conducted in
2010 revealed that black people are 5x more likely to be stopped and questioned by
the police than white people
• People throw around the N word as if it has no significance in our history of racism
towards black people
• “Black Canadians continue to struggle with racial discrimination in
Canada, even though promised a better life where everyone is equal. It
is our job as citizens to educate ourselves on this problem and to fix it”
(king, 2015)
(King, 2015)

13. RACISM IN CANADIAN MEDIA
• Our perceptions of reality, how we see people within the world and the
certain behaviours are heavily influenced by the media: newspapers, radio,
television and the Internet
• “N bombs” are used frequently through rap music and in movies
• Teenagers are referring to each other as N*****, because of these influences
• “Ethnic minorities in Canada do not see themselves mirrored in the media,
and this perpetuates feelings of rejection, trivialises their contributions, and
devalues their role as citizens in their nations”
• Stereotypes are often used in movies for humour but its offensive
(Uhríková, 2010)

14. THE AUTHORITATIAN PERSONALITY
THEORY
• We decided to relate Adorno’s authoritarian personality
theory. He proposed that prejudice is the results of an
individual’s personality type. They developed a
questionnaire, which they called the F-scale (F for
fascism), and Adorno argued that deep-seated
personality traits predisposed some individuals to be
highly sensitive to totalitarian and antidemocratic ideas
and therefore were prone to be highly prejudicial
(McLeod, 2014).

15. AUTHORITARIAN PERSONALITY TYPE:
According to Adorno's theory, the elements of the Authoritarian personality type are:
• Blind allegiance to conventional beliefs about right and wrong
• Respect for submission to acknowledged authority
• Belief in aggression toward those who do not subscribe to conventional thinking, or
who are different
• A negative view of people in general - i.e. the belief that people would all lie, cheat or
steal if given the opportunity
• A need for strong leadership which displays uncompromising power
• A belief in simple answers and polemics - i.e. The media controls us all or The source of
all our problems is the loss of morals these days.
• Resistance to creative, dangerous ideas. A black and white worldview.
• A tendency to project one's own feelings of inadequacy, rage and fear onto a
scapegoated group
• A preoccupation with violence and sex (McLeod, 2014)

16. “
”
RACISM IS STILL WITH US. BUT IT IS UP TO US TO
PREPARE OUR CHILDREN FOR WHAT THEY HAVE TO
MEET, AND, HOPEFULLY, WE SHALL OVERCOME.
Rosa Parks

17. “
”
NO ONE IS BORN HATING ANOTHER PERSON BECAUSE OF
THE COLOR OF HIS SKIN, OR HIS BACKGROUND OR HIS
RELIGION. PEOPLE MUST LEARN TO HATE, AND IF THEY CAN
LEARN TO HATE, THEY CAN BE TAUGHT TO LOVE, FOR LOVE
COMES MORE NATURALLY TO THE HUMAN HEART THAN
ITS OPPOSITE.
Nelson Mandela

18. REFERENCES
CBC News. (2013). Canada's treatment of aboriginal people faces global scrutiny. Retrieved from http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/canada-s-treatment-
of-aboriginal-people-faces-global-scrutiny-1.1328794
Historical Canada. (2016). Retrieved from http://www.blackhistorycanada.ca/topic.php?id=146&themeid=5
Hutchings, C. (1998). Canada’s First Nations: A Legacy of Institutional Racism. Retrieved from http://www.tolerance.cz/courses/papers/hutchin.htm
King, S. (2015). Prejudice against Blacks in Ontario. Retrieved from https://inequalitygaps.org/first-takes/racism-in-canada/prejudice-against-blacks-in-ontario/
McLeod. (2014). Theories of personality. Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/personality-theories.html
Ontario Human Rights Commission. (2016). Retrieved from http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/articles/pages/5976/Aversive-Racism.html
Oswald. (n.d). Retrieved from http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/articles/pages/5976/Aversive-Racism.html
Oxford Dictionaries. (2016). Racism. Retrieved from http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/racism
UFCW. (2013). By the Numbers: Facts about Racial Discrimination in Canada. Retrieved from
http://ufcw.ca/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3324%3Aby-the-numbers-facts-about-racial-discrimination-in-canada&Itemid=6&lang=en
Uhríková, D. (2010). Racial Stereotyping in the Canadian Media. Retrieved from http://www.perspectivesmagazine.sk/news/racial-stereotyping-in-the-canadian-
media1/