This document discusses how society is organized through social groups and kinship structures. It defines key concepts like primary and secondary groups, social categories, networks, and kinship by blood and marriage. Regarding kinship, it outlines different types of descent like patrilineal and matrilineal, and kinship groups like clans and lineages. Marriage is presented as central to kinship systems, with explanations of monogamy, polygamy, and forms like sororal polygyny. Family types covered include the nuclear, extended, single-parent, and blended models.

1. HOW SOCIETY
IS ORGANIZED

2. OBJECTIVES:
1. Understand and discuss
the composition of society
based on the groups that
compose it;
2. Identify and define the
different types of groups in

3. NO MAN IS AN
ISLAND

4. Humans always move and live
in groups since ancient
times.
Humans bond and survive
together

5. What drives us to organize
society?
Is it due to our instinct to
survive? Or is it our nature to
build & destroy cities,
civilizations, cultures & then
build again?

6. ACTIVITY NO. 1:
“Name that Picture”
(GROUP/ NO GROUP)

7. CROWD AT MRT STATION

8. FAMILY

9. EDSA PEOPLE POWER REV.

10. MALL GOERS

11. PEOPLE AT CHURCH

12. CLOSE FRIENDS

13. RESPECT
FOR ELDERS

14. ANALYSIS:
• What are the things or aspects you
consider in identifying social groups?
• Do you consider yourself as part of a
social group?
•How does it feel being one of the members
of a group?
• What makes a social group?

15. WHY THERE IS A NEED FOR SOCIAL
GROUP? DO WE REALLY DEPEND ON
IT?
• Everyone wants a sense of belonging
• Man is by nature a social being and he
interacts with others… (Aristotle)
• As members, we think of ourselves as a
special “WE”

16. GROUPS:
Smaller units that compose a
society;
Unit of interacting
personalities with an
interdependence of roles and
statuses existing between

17. IMPORTANCE OF
GROUPS:
1. Transmitter of culture
2. Means of social control
3. Socializes the individual
4. Sources of ideas
5. Trains the individual in
communication

18. SOCIAL GROUP
Is two or more people who identify
with and interact with one another
(Macionis, 2012).

19. SOCIAL GROUP
• It is where human beings come together
in couples, families, circles of friends,
churches, clubs, businesses,

20. SOCIAL GROUP
• Whatever the form, it is made up of
people with shared experiences,

21. CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL
GROUP
• Group members
interact on a fairly
regular basis
through
communication.

22. CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL
GROUP
• Members should
develop a structure
where each member
assumes a specific
status and adopts a
particular role.

23. CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL
GROUP
Certain orderly
procedures and
values are agreed
upon.

24. CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL
GROUP
The members
of the group
feel a sense of
identity.

25. NOT EVERY COLLECTION OF
INDIVIDUALS FORMS A GROUP…
SOCIAL CATEGORY
(people with a status in common )
shared social characteristic, like
gender, race, ethnicity, nationality, age,
class, etc.

26. SOCIAL CATEGORY
(people with a status in common )
women, homeowners,
soldiers, skilled workers,
professionals,
millionaires, college
graduates, and Roman
Catholics

27. NOT EVERY COLLECTION OF
INDIVIDUALS FORMS A GROUP…
CROWD – loosely formed
collection of people in one place
(e.g. students sitting in a large
stadium with interaction at a limited
extent).

28. EDSA PEOPLE POWER REV.

29. PEOPLE AT CHURCH

30. SOCIAL
AGGREGATE
A social aggregate is a collection of people
who are in the same place at the same time,
but who otherwise do not necessarily have
anything in common, and who may not interact
with each other.

31. SOCIAL
AGGREGATE
EXAMPLES:
•when we walk down a crowded sidewalk, eat in
restaurant,
•ride public transit with other passengers, and
shop in stores

32. FACTORS THAT
INFLUENCE GROUPS
-Motivational base shared by individual
- Size of group
- Type of group goals
- Kind of group structure

34. SOCIAL
ORGANIZATION
is a process of bringing order
and significance into human
social life.

35. CHARACTERISTICS OF
SOCIAL
ORGANIZATION

36. 1. Differentiation in
statuses and roles on the
basis of sex, age and
ability.

37. 2. Repeated activities and
behavior.
3. A system of norms and values
govern the social activities.

38. 4.Control: some person control
the behavior of others, and a
system of sanctions maintain
orderly behavior.

39. SOCIAL STRUCTURE
The organized set of social
institutions and patterns of
institutionalized relationships that
together compose society.

40. SOCIAL STRUCTURE
The organized set of social
institutions and patterns of
institutionalized relationships that
together compose society.

41. GROUPS WITHIN
SOCIETY

42. GROUPS ACCORDING TO
TIES

43. Small, intimate and less specialized group.
It is joined by primary relationships where people:
spend a great deal of time together,
engage in a wide range of activities
they feel that they know one another pretty
well.
1. PRIMARY
GROUP

44. 1. PRIMARY
GROUP• The first group we experience in life
• Members are bound to others by emotion and loyalty.
Share personal and long lasting relationships
Examples: Families, Factions, Play
Groups, Friendship Groups

45. 2. SECONDARY
GROUP
A large and impersonal social group
whose members pursue a specific goal or
activity.
Examples: Industrial Workers; business
associates, Faculty Staff, Company
Employees

46. •Involve weak emotional ties and
little personal knowledge of one
another.
• It includes many more people
(the reason why one another
couldn’t have a lasting
2. SECONDARY
GROUP

47. • It exist for only a short time,
beginning and ending without
particular significance
(e.g. students enrolled in the same course
at a university who may not see one another
after the semester ends)
2. SECONDARY
GROUP

48. PRIMARY GROUP SECONDARY GROUP
Intimate, personal &
informal relationships
Impersonal, formal,
distant relationships
Long term, sometimes
life long
Short term or
temporary
We develop our self-
identity or who we are
We meet our life long
partners through these
Family members, close
friends
Work, school,
associations, etc

49. 3. INTERMEDIATE
GROUP
A cross between primary and
secondary groups.

50. 3. INTERMEDIATE
GROUP
It is a group that is large scale
yet applies familial
relationship with members.

51. How television companies package
their TV stations.

52. 3. INTERMEDIATE
GROUP
Example:
A family where members are
separated because of work,
residence, and circumstances.

54. ACCORDING TO SELF-
IDENTIFICATION

55. 1. IN-GROUPS
A member can identify
him/herself within that group &
which individuals feel at home.

56. 1. IN-GROUPS
Indicator: Distinct yet Abstract
ethnicity, race, faith and ideology.
common interests, pastime or hobbies-
playing chess, cooking, backpacking,
gardening etc.

57. 1. IN-GROUPS
very specific:
being students of one school, citizens
of a country, employees of a company
etc.

58. 2. OUT-GROUPS
A social unit to which individuals do not
belong due to differences in social
categories and with which they do not
identify.

59. 2. OUT-GROUPS
EXAMPLE:
The Lasallians are Lasallians because they are
not Ateneans.
I play chess intensely that I do not hang-out
with basketball players.

60. 3. REFERENCE
GROUPS
Groups to which we consciously or
unconsciously refer when we evaluate
our life situations and behavior but to
which we do not necessarily belong.

61. 3. REFERENCE
GROUPS
The group is used to determine the
reference point in so far as the kind
of expected behaviour or norm one
should act or manifest.

62. 3. REFERENCE
GROUPS
A person can have multiple
reference groups.
It can be used as basis for what
someone aspires to be- role model.

63. 3. REFERENCE
GROUPS
Has great influence in the way we
create our own identities, the
groups we form & aspire us to be
what we want.

64. 4. NETWORK
a series or web of social ties
involving people or groups of
individuals connected to each
other.

65. 4. NETWORK
EXAMPLES:
Connected through friendship,
family, business relationship,
academic institutions, religious
organizations.

68. FUNCTIONS OF
SOCIAL
NETWORKS

69. 1. DIFFUSION
In networks information
travel fast like gossips and
other breaking news.

70. 2. EXCHANGE
Information exchange ,
material exchange like in
multilevel marketing.

71. 3. SOCIAL
SUPPORTReferral system works well in
networks in locating someone,
finding a job, seeking advice &
forming support groups.

72. 4. EXCLUSION
Those outside the network are
excluded from the benefits,
support system & information
shared within the network.

73. ACCORDING TO
PURPOSE

74. 1. SPECIAL INTEREST
GROUPS
Groups which are organized to
meet the specific interest of the
members

75. 2. TASK GROUPS
Groups assigned to
accomplished jobs which cannot
be done by one person

76. 3. INFLUENCE/PRESSURE
GROUPS
Groups organized to support
or influence social actions.

78. ACCORDING TO FORM
OF ORGANIZATION

79. 1. FORMAL
GROUPS
•Social organization
•Their goals are clearly stated & the division of
labor is based on member’s ability or merit
•Deliberately formed & their purpose & objectives
are defined

80. 2. BUREAUCRACY
•An administrative structure which is
aimed to enable members to meet
their goals;
•A hierarchical arrangement in large
scale

81. 2. BUREAUCRACY
•Formal organizations in which parts are
ordered in the manner of a pyramid based on
a division of function and authority
•Formal, rationally organized social structure

82. 3. INFORMAL
GROUPS
Arises spontaneously out of
interactions of two or more
persons;
It is unplanned

83. 3. INFORMAL
GROUPS
Has no explicit rules & objectives
Has characteristics of primary
groups & members are bound by
emotion & sentiments

88. FAMILY,
KINSHIP &
MARRIAGE

89. OBJECTIVES:
-Explain the function of the family
- Define kinship, marriage and household
- Enumerate and explain the different
forms of kinship by blood, kinship by
marriage and kinship by rituals
-Discuss the different types of families

90. WHAT IS YOUR
OWN IDEA OF A
FAMILY?

91. WHAT IS YOUR
IDEAL
MARRIAGE?

93. • FAMILY
Is defined as a type of social
institution that unites people by
blood, kinship or alliance
one group within a society.

94. FAMILY
A typical family would consists
of the parents & their children
living in the same residence.

95. GEORGE PETER MURDOC
Family is a social group that has the following
characteristics:
1.Share common residence
2. Presence of economic
cooperation

96. 3. Includes adults of both sexes,
wherein at least two of whom uphold
a socially approved form of sexual
relationship.
5. Responsible for the socialization of
infants and children.

97. KINGSLEY DAVIS
Family is a group of individuals
wherein the relationship is based
on consanguinity and kinship.

98. TALCOTT PARSONS
Family is a factory that
develops and produces
human personalities.

99. BRONISLOW NALINOWSKI
Family is an institution that
passes down the cultural
traditions of a society to the next
generations.

100. TYPES OF
FAMILIES

101. 1. NUCLEAR
FAMILY
United Nations (UN) :
a.A married couple without
children,
b.A married couple with one or
more unmarried children,

102. 1. NUCLEAR
FAMILY
C. A father with one or more
unmarried children or
D. A mother with one or more
unmarried children.

103. 2. EXTENDED
FAMILY
Families that include the other
members of the kinship group
such as :
Uncles, grandparents, cousins

105. 3. SINGLE-PARENT
FAMILY
The parent (married,
unmarried, widowed,
divorced) lives with his/her
biological or adopted child

106. 4. BLENDED FAMILY
Remarried couple and their
children.

107. KINSHIP

108. • KINSHIP
•is one of the main
organizing principles of
society
• It is one of the basic social
institutions found in every

109. • KINSHIP
•The most basic bonds are
those based on marriage and
reproduction. Kinship refers to
these bonds, and all other
relationships resulting from
them.

110. KINSHIP BY
BLOOD

111. 1. CONSANGUINEAL KINSHIP
This relationships achieved
by birth or blood affinity.

112. 2. DESCENT
•biological relationship
between parents and
offspring.

113. 3. LINEAGE
the line where one’s
descent is traced.

114. 4.UNILINEAL DESCENT
tracing the affiliation of a
person through descent of
only one sex,

115. GROUPS:
CLANS:
A link by kin with members tracing
connection through one another
even if the supposedly ancestral
union is not clear .

116. GROUPS:
LINAGES:
The type of link is through common
ancestry using both mother and
father’s side of the family.

117. GROUPS:
MOIETIES:
Are based on the association by
choice with an ancestral line but the
members couldn’t explain the
reason for the link.

118. GROUPS:
PHRATRIES:
group of people within a tr
ibe who have a
common ancestor

119. 5. BILATERAL DESCENT
•some societies trace their descent through
the study of both parents ancestors. In a
biliteral descent, kinship is traced through
both ancestral lines of the mother
and father.

120. 6. PATRILINEAL
•Descent is identified by tracing the
ancestry of an individual by his or her
relatives from the men, sons or
fathers of the families in the ancestry
line.

121. 7. MATRILINEAL
•Descent is identified by tracing the
affiliation of an individual by his or her
relatives from the women, daughters
or mothers of the families in the
ancestry line.

122. RELATIONSHIP OF
CONSANGUINITY

123. 1ST
DEGREE
2ND DEGREE 3RD
DEGREE
4TH DEGREE
PERSO
N
-Child
-parent
-
Grandchildr
en
-Sister
-Brother
-
Grandparent
-Great
grand
children
-Nephew
-Aunt
-Uncle
-Great
grand
parent
-Great-
great-
grandchildre
n
-Grandniece
-
Grandnephe
w
-First cousin

124. KINSHIP BY
MARRIAGE

125. MARRIAGE
The union of a couple through legal and
socially acceptable means. Kinship by
is a union of two families where the family
and relatives from both sides are related by
affinity.

126. MARRIAGE
•It is a socio-sexual institution, a part of the
wider institutional complex of the family.
•It is the center of the kinship system.

127. AFFINAL KINSHIP
refers to type of relations developed
when marriage occurs. When
marriage takes place new forms of
social relations are developed. (in-
laws)

128. RELATIONSHIP OF
AFFINITY

129. 1ST DEGREE 2ND DEGREE
PERSON -spouse
-mother-in-law
-father-in-law
-son-in-law
-daughter-in-law
-stepson
-stepdaughter
-Stepmother
-stepfather
-brother-in-law
-sister-in-law
-spouse’s
grandparent
-spouse’s
grandchild
-grandchild’s
spouse

130. ENDOGAMY
The practice of marrying within a specific
ethnic group, class or social group, rejecting
others on such a basis as being unsuitable for
marriage or for the other close relationships.

131. EXOGAMOUS
The practice of marrying outside group, class
or social group, which is vey common in
modern societies.
Means of maintaining boundaries and creates
links.

132. MONOGAMY
The marriage of sexual partnering
practice where the individual has
only one male of female partner or
mate.

133. POLYGAMY
The practice of having more
than one partner or sexual
mate.

134. POLYGYNY
(a man has multiple partner)
(a woman has multiple mate)
POLYANDRY

135. A man marries several
sisters
SORORAL
POLYGYNY

136. KINSHIP BY BLOOD
1.CONSANGUINEAL
2.DESCENT
3.LINAGE
4.UNILINEAL
5. GROUPS: CLANS,LINAGE,MOIETIES,
PHRATRIES
6. BILATERAL DESCENT
7. PATRILINEAL
8.MATRILINEAL

137. KINSHIP BY
MARRIAGE
1.AFFINEAL KINSHIP
A. ENDOGAMY
B. EXOGAMY
C. MONOGAMY
D. POLYGAMY
(POLYGYNY & POLYANDRY)

138. ACTIVITY: TRACE IT
DOWN!!!
Trace the kinship by blood and
marriage of your own family
(PATRILINEAL OR MATRILINEAL).
Use the sample format and give
the complete name/information
of each member of the family.

139. CECILIA & PEDRO SERQUINA
EDITHA & ODYOK
ADERES AMALIA
SERQUINA
PORFIRIO
ORTIZ
SERQMY KINSHIP & FAMILY
PETER SERQUINA
MARK JEREMY MARA JOELA
DAIRA LEEDANICA LYRADIANE LIZ
DIANE LIZ

140. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
1.WHAT TYPE OF FAMILY DO
YOU THINK MOST OF THE
FILIPINO HAS? WHY?
2.HOW IMPORTANT IS MARRIAGE TO
YOU?
3.WHAT IS YOUR IDEA OF A
MARRIED PERSON?

141. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
4. HOW WOULD YOU CATEGORIZE
YOUR FAMILY?WHY?
5. IF YOU BELONG TO A FAMILY THAT
HAS A BAD REPUTATION IN THE
PAST,HOW WOULD YOU PROCEED TO
LIVE BY IT IN THE PRESENT?