7. 3Slide Number 4Slide Number 5Slide Number 6Slide Number 7
Running head: CASE STUDY ANALYSIS 1
CASE STUDY ANALYSIS 5
Case Study analysis
NAME
school
Introduction
Many are the times when terrorism leaves people with no
option but to always worry about what will happen next. Also,
some of the terrorist attacks may leave some people in shock
and as a result, the individuals may not heal fully. Even though
someone’s personality matters and the event may occur and
make the person change drastically and even living in fear of
factors that are not real this is according to Gray, (1987). One’s
personality may defend him from doing certain activities or
even learn some of the courses that are relevant to life. In this
8. case analysis, the patient chosen is Alison who is 33 years old.
She lives in fear and more so she is afraid of some factors that
may be considered to be necessities such as driving. In this case
analysis, we shall consider her experiences in life as well as the
social and personal life. Many are the times when we consider
the fear to be part of the personality, but we fail to understand
that it is heightened by events in life.
The reason as to why I have chosen this case study is
because it goes hand in hand with some of the aspects of
psychology. Also at the beginning of the text, Alison admits
that she needs to see a psychologist due to her behaviour of
anxiety which she had managed to control for long. She worries
about being the next target of the terrorist attacks. What is even
worse is that she considers herself to be part of the situation and
what would occur to her. She is always worried and more so not
only of one issue but also many and what happens is that at the
end she feels exhausted and overwhelmed. A good instance is
when she had that cancer can be caused by smoking, and since
her mother was a smoker, she becomes worried that she might
die. Also, she starts to worry about the rest of the family
members since they are passive smokers. Worrying about the
family members and her mother was intense for her and as a
result, she was overwhelmed.
Another instance is when she was afraid of driving and
even after she learned how to drive she was involved in two
accidents. This is contributed by fear, and more so she is
anxious about everything. It is out of this anxiety and fear that
she has difficulties when it comes to sleeping, she cannot fall
asleep on her own, thoughts race in her mind and as a result, it
takes long before she can fall asleep. The worrying condition
did not start while she was grown up, it started when she was
young, and she would walk around the house to check if all the
appliances have been unplugged. Also, she did not have friends
while growing up; her parents were not close to her and if
anything, she felt that the father was distant.
With such situations, then she was in a position to trust
9. anyone, and therefore she would not be involved in any
romantic relationship. How a person is brought up may
determine a lot, Allison developed this fear due to her mother
telling her how the world is dangerous. Her mother was
suffering from agro-phobia, and it is out of this that she told her
of how the world was dangerous, and even she was showing
terrible things especially if caution was not taken. The
surrounding contributed and as a result Allison developed
anxiety that she could not control.
Her social life is not surrounded by friends, on the other
hand, her siblings were totally different. The first were boys
and due to this then the relationship between them was cold, her
last born sister does not care, and therefore the two are in
different worlds. Living with the fear that something will
happen is not pleasing at all if anything the outcome is not
pleasing both to you and the people at the workplace. Since she
is not having the expected sleeping time, then she may affect
her health and more so when she becomes worried she gets
worked up.
Summary
Growing up calls for sacrifice from the parents as well as
interacting with some of the friends who are of the same age.
However with Allison things were different, she felt that her
father was distant, and it is out of this that she was not in a
position to express what she feel to him. Also, she did not have
friends and thus she could not share her world with anyone
which contributed to her state of anxiety and fear. When she
was an adult, she even started dating a pilot since he would
understand her anxiety. However, the man crushed her world by
breaking up with her after she had moved to Seattle. All this
shows how much she has been disappointed and as a result, then
she was fully disappointed.
Conclusion
When it comes to both physically and emotionally, fear poses a
huge threat and more so it may be due to bad experiences in life
(Sinclair, & Antonius, 2012). In this case study, Allison is
10. anxious about everything in life, starting from the assuming
issues such as what would happen if she is involved in an
attack. She may have been in a position to hide all that for long
but currently she needs to see a psychologist, through that way
she will be helped and therefore she may continue working as
well as control her anxiety. Since she is an adult, she may take
care of herself, unlike when she was young, therefore she may
manage her anxiety especially after visiting the psychologist.
References
Gray, J. (1987). The psychology of fear and stress. Cambridge
New York: Cambridge University Press.
Sinclair, S. & Antonius, D. (2012). The psychology of terrorism
fears. New York: Oxford University Press.
Running head: BIBLIOGRAPHY ON ANXIETY DISORDERS
1
BIBLIOGRAPHY ON ANXIETY DISORDERS
2
Bibliography on anxiety disorders
name
school
Bibliography on anxiety disorders
Thesis statement
The circumstances surrounding the understanding of various
aspects of anxiety disorder with respect to detection and
management.
Buckley T. C., Blanchard E. B. & Hickling E. J. (2002).
Automatic and Strategic Processing of Threat Stimuli: A
11. Comparison Between PTSD, Panic Disorder, and Nonanxiety
Controls. Cognitive Therapy and Research, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp
97-115.
This is a research study article inclined towards establishing if
there are connections between Posttraumatic Stress Disorders
(PTSD), Panic Disorders and Nonanxiety Controls. As a basis of
their research, the authors provide a background study on the
causes and the prevalence of these conditions, giving a history
that stretches past the two decades. This study is largely banked
on the theoretical findings of Beck and Clark (1997). Beck and
Clark established and refined the information processing
theories that are used in this research.
The main result of this study established that there is no
evidence of panic disorders or posttraumatic stress disorder
subjects showing any sensitivity to the valence of stimulus at
the automatic stages of the information processing. This is a
complex research article that requires a stronger attention gain
understanding of the statistical analysis of the data. The general
diction of this article is literally implausible. However, in
relation to the topic, this article exposes some very critical
aspects of understanding anxiety. It is an important source of
information for the topic.
Chapman D. P., Whitfield C. L., Felitti V. J., Dube S. R.,
Edwards V. J. & Anda R. F. (2003). Adverse childhood
experiences and the risk of depressive disorders in adulthood.
Journal of affective disorders 82 (2004) 217-225. Elsevier.
This is an article that documents the results of a research study
conducted to determine the interrelations between childhood
abuses and the depressive disorders in adulthood. The
researchers are working on the assumption that depressive
disorders in adults such as anxiety-like in the case of Allison
could be due to certain abuses they underwent when they were
12. young. However, it is not established if there are relationships
between these types of abuses as some could be overcome and
some in the absence of other forms of abuses may not lead to
depressive disorders in adults. Depressive disorders could begin
to show at any point in life-course of a child through to
adulthood. Using a cumulative stressor model and through
various methods of data collection, the researchers used data
collected from patients who frequently visited Kaiser's Health
Appraisal Center but with health problems related to depressive
disorders.
This study established that there are relationships between some
of the childhood abuses and that the prevalence of depressive
disorders was higher in women than men who experienced
various but almost common forms of abuse when they were
young. There are so many angles of looking at this study, and
the various cohorts in whom patients were categorized makes it
difficult to establish the interrelations between these forms of
abuse. However, the intricate detail in the article and the clearly
extensive research informing the researchers makes this article
very important for the topic.
Helbig-Lang S., Lang T., Petermann F. & Hoyer J. (2012).
Anticipatory Anxiety as a Function of Panic Attacks and Panic-
Related Self-Efficacy:An Ambulatory Assessment Study in
Panic Disorder. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy,
2012, 40, 590–604. Doi: 10.1017/S1352465812000057.
This article presents the relationship between anticipatory
anxiety and panic attacks. That is it presents anticipatory
anxiety as a function of panic related variables. To establish
this relationship, the authors investigated the natural causes of
anticipatory anxiety and the panic attack variables. This way
they could get data for generating and establishing the natural
variance between the two. Further, the authors tested the effect
of anxiety sensitivity and the plausible ability to handle panic
attacks on the relation between subsequent anxiety and panic
attacks. And yes, they established the relation and found that
13. perceived ability to cope with panic only accelerated the
effects.
There are many factors and key words and definitions that this
article tests. The complex nature of the study and the keen
interest that the authors take in making clearer their discussion
or=f the results is very significant to this topic. The bar graph
presented in the article is more friendly and understandable way
of interpreting and drawing conclusions from the study. It might
be difficult to understand the statistical analyses leading to
graph may turn out to be implausible.
Hetzel-Riggin M. D. & Roby R. P. (2013). Trauma type and
gender effects on PTSD, general distress and Peritraumatic
dissociation. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 18:41-53. Taylor and
Francis Group, LLC. Routledge.
Unlike the rest of the articles, this article is about the study of
the effects of types of trauma and gender on the posttraumatic
stress disorder, peritraumatic dissociation, and
psychopathology. The effects are examined both independently
and interactively. This article introduces an important aspect of
anxiety disorders which is gender. The authors have moved
from the general perspective of grouping patients in one huge
cluster to the point of understanding there are very diverse
differences in terms of emotions between the females and the
males. That is why they chose to examine more women from the
sample 1,503 college students they chose to vet.
The vetting revolved around factors of trauma such as loss of
loved ones, natural disaster, and many others. The main finding
of the study is that women reported more symptoms than the
men. This article is important to this topic since it brings in a
different aspect of anxiety disorder. This provides for different
opinions and perspective angles of discussing the topic. The
fact that the authors present statistical evidence from their
experiments in their findings cites credibility for referencing
them.
14. Killgore W. D. S., Britton J. C., Schwab Z. J., Price L. M.,
Weiner M. R., Gold A. L., Rosso I. M., Simon N. M., Pollack
M. H. & Rauch S. L. (2014). Cortico-Limbic responses to
masked affective faces across PTSD, panic disorder, and
specific phobia. Depression and Anxiety 31:150–159.
This article is quite different from the other articles herein
given that it presents a research study that tests the correlation
between certain parts of the brain responsiveness and the
emotional processing. As such, the researchers intricately
observed how amygdala and the reduced venromedial prefrontal
cortex when patients with anxiety disorders begin to
emotionally process some of their worst fears. Sixty-five adults
suffering from anxiety disorders aided the conduction of this
research.
The results of the study as indicated in the article is that
patients with PTSD, PD, and specific phobia showed greater
variations in the responsiveness of their amygdala and vmPFC
than those people who are healthy. This means there exist
different response significance levels in anxiety disorder
patients and the healthy people. The authors further explain
these results in their discussions and confirm them in their
conclusive remarks. It is an interesting perspective of looking at
the behavior of anxiety disorders patients. This study is only
geared towards establishing the fact that anxiety disorders is in
the brain, and the next task seems to be determining a way of
controlling these parts of the brain in case of panic attacks.
Levin A. (2013). Three key factors interact to increase PTSD
risk. Psychiatric News. 48, 8; ProQuest Central pg. 15 Clinical
& Research News.
In this article, the author takes a keen look at the factors that
are prevalent in causing posttraumatic stress disorders. In
tandem to this, the author takes an intricate interest in the
15. combat exposure, prewar vulnerability and harming civilians.
The article is based on a research study that was conducted in
Vietnam and on soldiers who participated in the Vietnam War.
They were vetted on these aspects. In the article, is a graph that
clearly outlines the intensity of these of these three factors and
the risk percentages they are associated.
This is a significant article on this topic given that the author
brings some of the confessions of the ex-soldiers of the war.
Sometimes when a study is conducted without exposing how the
real people who are affected by the study feel, the right message
is not transferred to the audience. It is a unique but a significant
aspect of this article. Unlike the other articles, this article
reports the findings of a study in a comprehendible and clear
manner.
Locke A. B., Kirst N. F., Shultz C. G. & Arbor A. (2015).
Diagnosis and management of generalized anxiety disorder and
panic disorder in adults. American Academy of Family
Physicians. Retrieved from www.aafp.org/afp.
Beginning with an extensive background research on the
prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorders
in the United States of America, the authors present a succinct
outline of the procedure for diagnosing and managing GAD and
PD in adults. The statistical evidence of the prevalence of GAD
and PD in the country as stated in this article, indicate that
2.9% and 3.1% in the ages between 18 and 64 years respectively
in terms of epidemiology and that in terms of etiology of GAD
and PD, there are less facts to inform any conclusions.
The two authors extensively present facts and the most
important aspects of the two epidemics before they venture into
the diagnosis of their diagnosis. Very important, though
exceptional cases are well explained with a deeper
understanding of the two epidemics. It is interesting that the
authors further look at the effects of GAD and PD on some of
16. the most important aspects of the lives of victims and their
relatives such as education and their performance in academics.
However, this article does not present any statistical evidence
based data from experiments that were conducted by the authors
themselves, but it is very vital that they use credible sources to
cite and support what methods of diagnosis, treatment, and
medication that works.
Nay R. R., Eaves L., Hettema J. M., Kendler K. S. & Silberg J.
L. (2012). Childhood separation anxiety disorder and adult
onset panic attacks share common genetic diathesis.
DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY 29:320–327.
This article uncovers the genetic aspect of anxiety disorders
which a new item of introduction into the topic of discussion. In
the article, the authors establish the genetic background
commonness of separation anxiety disorders in children and
onset panic attacks when they become adults. There are two
phenotypes that are majorly studied in this research
presentation. With participants mainly from Virginia, parents
and their monozygotic and dizygotic twins were organized in
pairs and their genetic combinations concerning the main areas
of the study closely observed and studied for any differences
and similarities. There was evidence of shared genetic diathesis
between adults' onset panic attacks and childhood separation
disorder in most of the population of the twin sample.
Pattyn T., Van Den Eede F., Lamers F., Veltman D., Sabbe B.
G. & Penninx B. W. (2015). Identifying panic disorder subtypes
using factor mixture modeling. Depression and Anxiety 32:509-
517.
This article uncovers unique angles of looking at panic
disorders. Different people experience different levels of panic
attacks, and this article is presenting the course to identifying
these types of panic attacks. Using three methods, one of which
borrows largely from Beck's anxiety inventory, the authors
discovered that there are three qualitatively different subtypes
17. of the panic disorder. The three subtypes are majorly distinctive
in terms of the qualitative and quantitative severity they have
on the victims.
It is interesting how the authors chose to delve deeper in
understanding the panic disorder. The discovery of these three
subtypes of this epidemic implies that there would better
strategies regarding management of the epidemic. When doctors
and counselors understand panic disorder in a much deeper
sense, they get to become better experts in offering treatment
and medication to patients with panic disorders.
Salters K. P. (2009). Strategies for Assessing and Treating
Comorbid Panic and Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Anxiety
disorders. Psychiatric Times. Retrieved from
www.psychiatrictimes.com
Salters (2009) in his article presents strategies that can be used
by counselors in order to treat two types of anxiety disorders.
The two types of disorders in the article are comorbid panic and
generalized anxiety disorder. Most of the strategies suggested
by the author are therapeutic, and he says that it is important to
detect anxiety disorders at early stages so that these therapeutic
strategies work. Salters also notes that some random trials have
discovered that when treatments are combined with single
therapies, in most cases, there are limited chances of
effectiveness. That means that counselors need first to identify
and with specific concerns of the disorder identity, apply the
most appropriate treatment strategies without combining
strategies. The author reiterates that cognitive behavioral
therapy with stronger empirical research analysis has proved to
be very effective in the treatment of comorbid GAD. There is a
wealth of very vital information from this article to borrow
from.
References
Chapman D. P., Whitfield C. L., Felitti V. J., Dube S. R.,
Edwards V. J. & Anda R. F. (2003). Adverse childhood
experiences and the risk of depressive disorders in adulthood.
18. Journal of affective disorders 82 (2004) 217-225. Elsevier.
Buckley T. C., Blanchard E. B. & Hickling E. J. (2002).
Automatic and Strategic Processing of Threat Stimuli: A
Comparison Between PTSD, Panic Disorder, and Nonanxiety
Controls. Cognitive Therapy and Research, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp
97-115.
Helbig-Lang S., Lang T., Petermann F. & Hoyer J. (2012).
Anticipatory Anxiety as a Function of Panic Attacks and Panic-
Related Self-Efficacy:An Ambulatory Assessment Study in
Panic Disorder. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy,
2012, 40, 590–604. Doi: 10.1017/S1352465812000057.
Hetzel-Riggin M. D. & Roby R. P. (2013). Trauma type and
gender effects on PTSD, general distress and Peritraumatic
dissociation. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 18:41-53. Taylor and
Francis Group, LLC. Routledge.
Killgore W. D. S., Britton J. C., Schwab Z. J., Price L. M.,
Weiner M. R., Gold A. L., Rosso I. M., Simon N. M., Pollack
M. H. & Rauch S. L. (2014). cortico-limbic responses to masked
affective faces across PTSD, panic disorder, and specific
phobia. Depression and Anxiety 31:150–159.
Levin A. (2013). Three key factors interact to increase PTSD
risk. Psychiatric News. 48, 8; ProQuest Central pg. 15 Clinical
& Research News.
Locke A. B., Kirst N. F., Shultz C. G. & Arbor A. (2015).
Diagnosis and management of generalized anxiety disorder and
panic disorder in adults. American Academy of Family
Physicians. Retrieved from www.aafp.org/afp.
Nay R. R., Eaves L., Hettema J. M., Kendler K. S. & Silberg J.
L. (2012). Childhood separation anxiety disorder and adult
onset panic attacks share common genetic diathesis.
19. DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY 29:320–327.
Pattyn T., Van Den Eede F., Lamers F., Veltman D., Sabbe B.
G. & Penninx B. W. (2015). Identifying panic disorder subtypes
using factor mixture modeling. Depression and Anxiety 32:509-
517.
Salters K. P. (2009). Strategies for Assessing and Treating
Comorbid Panic and Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Anxiety
disorders. Psychiatric Times. Retrieved from
www.psychiatrictimes.com
