Drugs And The Kidney

Drugs and the Kidney ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Normal Kidney Function ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Clinical Estimation of renal function ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Serum Creatinine and GFR ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Serum Creatinine and GFR Serum creatinine Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

GFR Estimation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Tests of renal function cont. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The nephron and electrolyte handling

Pharmacokinetics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Diuretics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Diuretics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Loop diuretics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Loop diuretics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Loop diuretics continued ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Thiazide diuretics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Thiazides ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Major Outcomes in High Risk Hypertensive Patients Randomized to Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor or Calcium Channel Blocker vs Diuretic The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) The ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group Sponsored by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) JAMA. 2002;288:2981-2997 ALLHAT

Cumulative Event Rates for the Primary Outcome (Fatal CHD or Nonfatal MI) by ALLHAT Treatment Group Chlorthalidone Amlodipine Lisinopril Years to CHD Event 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Cumulative CHD Event Rate 0 .04 .08 .12 .16 .2 0.81 0.99 (0.91-1.08) L/C 0.65 0.98 (0.90-1.07) A/C p value RR (95% CI) ALLHAT

Overall Conclusions Because of the superiority of thiazide-type diuretics in preventing one or more major forms of CVD and their lower cost, they should be the drugs of choice for first-step antihypertensive drug therapy. ALLHAT

Amiloride and Spironolactone ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Nephrotoxic Drugs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

NSAIDs (Non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Aminoglycosides ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Prescribing Aminoglycosides ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Intravenous contrast ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Prescribing in Kidney Disease ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Principles ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Dosing in renal impairment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Past Papers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Past Papers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Spironolactone ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Spironolactone ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Amphotericin ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Amphotericin ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Lithium toxicity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Digoxin toxicity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Treatment of digoxin toxicity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Drugs And The Kidney

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Drugs And The Kidney