9. HISTORY
The 1st ever incinerator was built in 1874.
Incineration is a thermal waste treatment process involving combustion of organics in
waste materials. Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue gas,
and heat. The flue gases must be filtered/cleaned of gaseous and particulate
pollutants before they are discharged into the atmosphere.
10.
11. LANDFILLS
• Disposal of waste in a
landfill involves
burying the waste
and this remains a
common practice in
most countries.
Landfills were often
established in
abandoned or
unused quarries,
mining voids or
borrow pits.
12. INCINERATION
• Incineration is a waste treatment process
that involves the combustion of organic
substances contained in waste materials.
• Dioxins, Furans and PAH
13.
14. FUTURE WASTE MANAGEMENT
• Pyrolysis is a thermochemical decomposition of
organic material at elevated temperatures in the
absence of oxygen (or any halogen). It involves
the simultaneous change of chemical
composition and physical phase, and is
irreversible.
16. PREVENTION
• The most effective way to reduce waste is to not create it in
the first place.
• Making a new product requires a lot of materials and energy-
raw materials must be extracted from the earth, and the
product must be fabricated and then transported to wherever
it will be sold.
• As a result, reduction and reuse are the most effective ways
you can save natural resources, protect the environment, and
save money.
17. REDUCE AND REUSE
• Buy used clothes to building materials at specialized reuse centres
and consignment shops. Often, used items are less expensive and
just as good as new.
• Look for products that use less packaging. When manufacturers
make their products with less packaging, they use less raw material.
This reduces waste and costs. These extra savings can be passed
along to the consumer.
• Buy reusable over disposable items. Look for items that can be
reused; the little things can add up. For example, you can bring your
own silverware and cup to work, rather than using disposable
items.
• Maintain and repair products, like clothing, tires, and appliances, so
that they won't have to be thrown out and replaced as frequently.
• Borrow, rent, or share items that are used infrequently, like party
decorations, tools, or furniture.
18. RECYCLING
• Recycling is a
process to change
waste materials into
new products to
prevent waste of
potentially useful
materials
19. PRODUCTS THAT CAN BE RECYCLED
• Dry Paper
• Plastic
• Glass
• Aluminum
• Electronics
20.
21. DEFINITION
• Energy management includes planning and
operation of energy production and energy
consumption units.
• Objectives are resource conservation, climate
protection and cost savings, while the users
have permanent access to the energy they
need.
27. Pyrolysis
• Heating in absence of oxygen
• Produces high vibrations
• Changes biomass to liquid fuel when it
disintegrates
• Changes plastic to million litres of fuel
28. Heat causes the objects to vibrate faster causing
the molecules to break down. Liquid fuel is
formed.
41. • A system for carrying
people or goods from
one place to another
using vehicles, road,
etc. (Oxford Advanced
Lear er’s Dictio ar ,
2005)
42. WHY & HOW WE NEED TO PLAN?
• The transport system must meet the actual,
and not the perceived needs of commuters
• Efficient transport systems tend to use up
much land and resources, thought must be
put into proper planning to maximise usage
and minimise wastage.
43. • Observe the environmental ranking of
transportation modes.
• Relook the functions of the street.
44.
45. Intervention aimed at meeting the immediate
needs of the victims of a disastrous events.
46. HOW DO WE DO IT?
i. The government of the
day must be serious
about the preservation
of nature
ii. Preparedness in the
event of an unforeseen
disaster is an important
key to stabilising fear
and anguish in society.
iii. A system for predicting
and preparing for the
unexpected calamity
should be instituted
47.
48. DEFINITION:
Green building is the practice of creating
structures and using processes that are
environmentally responsible and resource-
efficient throughout a building's life-cycle
from siting to design, construction, operation,
maintenance, renovation and deconstruction.
49. What makes up a green building?
has to meet LEED certification (Leadership in Energy
and Environmental Design) - an international
certification system for green buildings.
Good and proper air ventilation
Abundant natural light
Access to views and noise control so that these
buildings will be a better and comfortable place to be
in
Energy efficiency and Renewable energy
Water efficiency and proper waste management
Environmental preferable building materials and
specifications
50. Example of a green building
• Menara Mesiniaga by Malaysian
architect Ken Yeang
– to benefit the natural sunlight form all
directions into the building
– The trussed steel + aluminum sunroof
also incorporates solar panels
– Has good ventilation as all the office floor
terraces have sliding doors.
51. • Photovoltaic roofing with solar panel
• Eco-friendly materials such as PVC-free linoleum and water-
based paints will be used throughout the construction of a
building
Proposal of our future city's green building
source: google images
52. • Building materials : Built-up walls with distributed insulation:
Load-bearing clay bricks, cellular concrete bricks and lightweight concrete
blocks
• Recuperation and use of rain water
– eg: green roofs, which not only store rain water, but also provide a
green oasis in an urban environment
53. CONCLUSION
A Smarter City is a Greener and Liveable City
• by knowing why and how to plan for our city
we would have the ownership of a smarter
city. All we need is to constantly upgrade and
improve on the features using technology for
a better city.
54. REFERENCE
• O ford Adva ced Lear er’s Dictio ar , 2005
• http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/disaster-
relief.html#ixzz3dStW7yAU
• The Ten Simple Rules of Urban Transportation Planning. By
Harmut Topp from www.livablecities.org/.../ten-simple-r...
• The Transportation Planning Process: Key Issues from
www.planning.dot.gov/
• Transport Planning - Hofstra University from
people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng .html
• A E erge c Pla i g Guide to A erica’s Co u ities
from www.jointcommission.org/.../planning-guide:pdf
• The Disaster Process & Disaster Aid Programs/FEMA.gov
from https://www.fema.gov/disaster
