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Health services
1. Health Services in
Egypt
Dr. Dalia El-ShafeiDr. Dalia El-Shafei
Lecturer, community medicine department,Lecturer, community medicine department,
Zagazig universityZagazig university
2. Health policy
National task based on meeting community
needs & respecting social. Geographical,
cultural variations.
11. Peripheral level of care:
1- health office
2- MCH centers
3-Rural HU
4- Family HU
5- Compound unit
6- Health centers
12. provides promotive, preventive & curative
services through 3 levels “5000 Health
facilities, 80000 beds”:
1ry: manage 80% of community health
problems.” cheap & cost effective”
2ry: in district & general hospitals that deals
with 15% of complicated cases “expensive”
3ry: Specialized hospitals “ophthalmology,
dermatology, fever hospitals” “highly
expensive”.
13. II) Health insurance organization: “NHI”
Covers governmental employee, students, newly
born & private sector employee “47% in 2003”
It is financed by beneficiaries & taxes.
provides mainly curative services & some
preventive, promotive services as:
1- Recording of health files
2-Screening tests (schools)
3-Micronutrient supplement (infants), growth
monitoring, vaccination and health education.
4-Inpatient and outpatient services are available.
14. III) University, teaching hospitals. Research
institutions (mainly Curative services).
IV) Private sector (Curative services).
V) Military hospitals serve military &public sectors
(all level of care).
15. Improve the quality of health services offered
to consumers.
All national resources “governmental + non-
governmental”
Health sector reform in Egypt
16. objectives :
1- Provision of good quality services.
2- Complete coverage of the whole citizens by NHI.
3- Provision of holistic, comprehensive, integrated basic
benefit package BBP.
4- Up grading PHC to provide family care with increasing
the preventive role.
5- Increasing capacity of health providers through training
and new medical information.
6- Motivation of community participation in health care.
7-Decentralization of decision making. Strengthening
management systems.
8- Developing the domestic pharmaceutical industry .
17.
18. Strategic plan of MOHP for
health care reform
1-Development of infrastructure
2-Development of human resources
19. 1-Development of infrastructure
New services to slum & deprived areas .
Renovation of the existing units
Developing a separate system for financial needs
Providing all equipments & materials.
Application of family medicine program
Supporting transportation & communication
network to upgrade the efficiency of referral system.
Developing health information system from
central to peripheral levels & between public &
private health services.
20. 2-Development of human resources
Expansion and support of family medicine
program application “medical schools
curriculum, continuous training of physicians,
nurses and technicians”.
Continuous training in preventive & clinical
medicine through fellowship program.
Development of managerial capabilities of
physicians.
Application of quality assurance system
according to fixed standards to evaluate the
performance of health team.
21.
22. Alma-Ata Declaration
(1978)
At a meeting at Alma-Ata (now Almaty,
Kazakhstan) in 1978, government ministers from
134 countries met with global health
organizations and agencies to discuss the
relationship between inequality and illness.
27. Definition of PHC:
The ESSENTIALESSENTIAL health care given to individuals and
families through their FULL PARTICIPATIONFULL PARTICIPATION and at
AFFORDABLE COST.AFFORDABLE COST.
Based on PRACTICAL, SCIENTIFIC,PRACTICAL, SCIENTIFIC, and SOCIALLYSOCIALLY
ACCEPTEDACCEPTED methods and technology.
The FIRSTFIRST contact between health sector and the
public.
28.
29. Goals :
The ultimate goal is
WHO has identified 5 key elements to achieving that goal:
1. Reducing exclusion & social disparities in health (Universal
coverage reforms)
2. Organizing health services around people's needs &
expectations (Service delivery reforms)
3. Integrating health into all sectors (Public policy reforms)
4. Pursuing collaborative models of policy dialogue (leadership
reforms)
5. Increasing stakeholder participation.
Better Health for All
30. PrinCiPles of PHC:
1. Availability: all citizens, “ Equitable”, 24 hours.
2. Accessibility: geographically “1 h. travel”, socially,
functionally
3. Affordability: Cost.
4. Acceptability: Consumer’s satisfaction
5. Appropriateness: scientific.
6. Comprehensiveness: 4 levels+ HCWs development
7. Continuous: from womb to tomb.
8. Compatible.
9. Coordinated. Multi-sectional “agriculture +
education+ communication+ housing + industry”
10.Community participation
32. GOBI-FFF
Growth monitoring: to prevent most child
malnutrition before it begins
Oral rehydration therapy
Breastfeeding
Immunization
Family planning (birth spacing)
Female education
Food supplementation: “iron & folic A.
fortification/supplementation to prevent
deficiencies in pregnant women
33. Essential Health Services in PHC
(ELEMENTS(
Education for Health
Locally endemic disease control
Expanded program for immunization
MCH including responsible parenthood
Essential drugs
Nutrition
TTT of communicable & non-communicable
diseases
Safe water & sanitation
34. PHC in Egypt
1942 through maternal health units &
endemic diseases units
4300 PHC units
35. PHC in Egypt
1- Primary prevention services:
Health education
Counseling
Growth monitoring
Supplementing micronutrients to infants
Family planning
Support environmental sanitation, safety.
Vaccination of compulsory vaccines
Food safety
Early detection & screening tests for neonatal
anomalies, for TB, for risky pregnancy, for
malignant tumors.
36. 2- Secondary prevention (Curative services):
TTT of communicable & non communicable
diseases.
Control of epidemics & endemic diseases. .
First aid & emergency care.
Referral of needy cases to higher care level.
Provision of some drugs.
PHC mainly provides preventive services. Curative
services constitute 20% only! This concept must
be practiced & understood by all health care
providers.
37. Criteria of effective & successful PHC
Coordination of PHC with different related sectors as
education, social, agricultural, environmental organizations as
they share in people health.
Community participation in PHC management, in needs
assessment, setting priorities, helping in resources and in
evaluation of activities.
Customer's satisfaction must be the ultimate & remote
objective of PHC providers, through providing quality health
care and by meeting people needs.
Health provider satisfaction by continuous education,
training, motives and promotion.
Continuous monitoring & evaluation of services by collection
& analysis of data, follow up of performance & assess output
indicators.