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HiPIC




       The Ancient North-East
      Asian and Korean History
                          CKAKS Lecture Series
                             Aug 1 2012

                                 Jongwook Woo, PhD
                                 jwoo5@calstatela.edu

                High-Performance Information Computing Center (HiPIC)
                        Computer Information Systems Department
                          California State University Los Angeles

 Jongwook Woo
                                                                        CSULA
HiPIC              Contents
 개요

 Two myths at East Asia

 The oldest culture in Asia

 Old Choson (BC 2333 - ?)

 Gija/Wiman Chosun

 War with Han

 World Wars

 Jongwook Woo
                               CSULA
HiPIC           개요
 역사를 왜 배우는가

 재외 동포들에게 본국의 역사란 무엇인가




 Jongwook Woo
                          CSULA
HiPIC               The views of Korean history
 Chosun (조선) Kingdom in Korea (1392-
  1892, 1892 – 1910)
         Ideology to establish the Land of the Wiseman
         (군자)
        Since 16C, studied Chinese Confucianism too
         seriously
        Wanna-Be Chinese
                – Doctrinaire attitudes/beliefs
        Wanted to have a link between the Old Chosun,
                – especialy Chinese Gija (기자)




 Jongwook Woo
                                                    CSULA
HiPIC     The views of Korean history (Cont’d)
 Korean old histories have been used
  politically
        Korea-Japan Annexation (1910-1945):
                – Japanese Imperial Government distorted the old
                  history of Korea
                    • 쓰다 소우키치(津田左右吉) 와 그 제자 이병도, 손진태
                    • Most historians in South Korean universities were
                      educated by Japanese Imperial Government or theirs
                      disciples
                        – 실증사학 (식민사학?)
                            – 이병도 (조선사 편수회, 진단학회), 손진태 (진단학회) 및
                              제자들
        North-East Project (동북공정) of China (2002 –
         2006)
                – any pre-modern people or states that occupied any part
                  of what is now the People's Republic of China are
                  defined as having been part of that greater Chinese state
                – Others
                    • Northwest Project:Tibet
                    • Southwest Project: Xinjiang                   CSULA
 Jongwook Woo
HiPIC     The views of Korean history (Cont’d)
  Many other Korean historians
         Different from and Reforming the old history of Korea, especially
          the Old Chosun and Three Kingdoms
         South Korea
                – 민족사학
                    • 신채호 (독립운동가, 사학자), 문정창 (사학자), 윤내현
                      (단국대학교), 김용운 (단국대학교), 이덕일 (한가람역사문화연구소
                      소장), 김병기 (한가람역사문화연구소 위원), 이종기, 김운회
                      (동양대) etc
         North Korea
                – 주체사학
                    • 김석형 주체사학 과 제자들
                – Under Military Government (1961 - 1993) in South Korea
                    • Arrested if you had the same opinion with North Koreans
                – New Right
                    • 식민지 근대론:
                         – 반 민족적; 일본우익과 같은 역사관
         If you read many history books, you will have the similar view with
          민족사학자

 Jongwook Woo
                                                                                CSULA
HiPIC           Old Chosun (고조선,   古朝鮮)




 Jongwook Woo
                                          CSULA
Two myths at East Asia
HiPIC
                   (The symbols of Korea and its brothers)
  The Sons of Heaven (천손)
         Respect Sun, Light
         Worship birds
         Love gold, especially Shilla
         Respect horse
         Good at Archery
         Also use horn-shaped cup, especially Shilla and Kaya
                – Koreans, Kazakhs, Bryats, Evenkies, Mongols, Yakuts,
                  Machurians, Japanese

  The Oviparity (난생)
         Born from egg
           – Eggs from the Heaven
                    • Chu-Mo (주몽), Kim Soo-Ro (김수로), Park Hyok-Go-Se
                      (박혁거세)



 Jongwook Woo
                                                                   CSULA
HiPIC
                The sons of heaven and Phoenix
                      천손신화와 신조사상 분포




                                          김병모
                                          (Hanyang
                                          Univ.), “금관의
                                          비밀”




 Jongwook Woo
                                                 CSULA
HiPIC
                The sons of heaven and The Ovaparity
                          천손 과 난생신화 분포




                                              김병모
                                              (Hanyang
                                              Univ.), “금관의
                                              비밀”




 Jongwook Woo
                                                 CSULA
HiPIC           Old Chosun (고조선,      古朝鮮)




                    Two Cultures in
                    Northeast Asia
                                         © jwoo
 Jongwook Woo
                                          CSULA
HiPIC             Old Chosun
        Lake Baikhal (바이칼호)     (고조선,      古朝鮮)
                  It has been believed
                  that Korean and her
                 brothers are originated
                   from Baikhal Lake




 Jongwook Woo
                                                  CSULA
구환 (Nine- Hwan, Han),
                                동이 (East Yi, 東夷)
HiPIC


  규원사화 (Kyoo-Won History) by Book-Ae, AD1675, King
   Sook-Jong, Chosun)
         Hwan-In, Hwan-Wong (Shin-Shi), Dan-Goon
         구한 Nine Hwans
           – National Library, Seoul, Korea; 국립 중앙도서관, 귀 626 (고
                  2105-1) 1책

  夷: 大 (“big”) + 弓 (“bow”)
         That Chinese called Korean and her brothers (Nine Yi’s)
         The origin of the everything, “Book of the Later Han ”
           – 後漢書 ;王制; 云: [東方曰夷.] 夷者, 也, 言仁而好生, 萬物
             地而出.[1] 故天性柔順, 易以道御, 至有君子不死之國焉.[2]
             夷有九種,[3] 曰 夷, 于夷, 方夷, 黃夷, 白夷, 赤夷, 玄夷, 風
             夷, 陽夷.[4] 故孔子欲居九夷也.
         The root of everything: 萬物之柢
                – I forgot which book says so; another version of “Book of the
                  Later Han ”?
         There are Nine Yi’s


 Jongwook Woo
                                                                          CSULA
HiPIC                          Hong-San Culture
  Yellow River Culture (Yangshao culture (仰
   韶文化), BC 5000 – BC 3000)
         was believed first in the east Asia
         Chinese history
           – Yangshao -> Yellow River -> Xia (하) Dynasty (c. 2100 -
             c. 1600 BC)

  But in the area of Yi, the oldest ruins found
        At Da-Ring-Ho (대릉하) : 요하 where the area Yi
         lived in,
                – Sing-Rung-Wa (흥륭화) ruins (BC6200 – BC5200)
                  were found
                    • Chahai (사해) ruins (BC5600)
                – Believed that Korean is originated from the lake
                  Bikhal
                   • but should be originated from here
                   • Or built this culture even from Bikhal


 Jongwook Woo
                                                                CSULA
HiPIC                    Hong-San Culture (Cont’d)
  Hong-San (红山文化) culture was found at Liao-Ning (요녕),
   Manchuria and Jok-Bong, Inner-Mongolia
         BC 4500 – BC3000 (2000 earlier than Yellow River Culture)
         Originated from Chahai and Sing-Rung-Wa
         Ha-Ga-Jom (하가점 하층문화), Jok-Bong, Inner-Mongol
                – BC2000 – BC1200

  Probably Korean (and Manchurian) is originated from Hong-
   San civilization
         Because the area is the origin of Yi’s
         And, so is Mongolian
           – 북방 유목 수렵민족 모두

  China culture is affected by Sing-Rung-Wa (흥륭화) and
   Hong-San (红山文化)
         Lawler A, “Beyond Yellow River: How China Became China?”,
          Science, 325:930-935, 2009
         Lawler A, “East and West”, Science, 325:940-943, 2009

 Jongwook Woo
                                                                      CSULA
HiPIC                         Hong-San Civilization

흥륭화 (BC6200 –
BC5200), 사해
(BC 5600)




Hong-San
Culture (BC 4500
– BC 3000)

                                                  located where Yi
                                                  (東夷 ) lived
                    The Great Wall




     Jongwook Woo
                                                           CSULA
HiPIC                         Hong-San Culture


흥륭화 (BC6200 – BC5200), 사해
(BC 5600), Hong-San Culture
( BC 4500 – BC 3000)



                  Yangshao
                  culture (仰
                  韶文化): BC
                  5000 -




   Jongwook Woo
                                                  CSULA
HiPIC             Old
        Lake Baikhal    Chosun (고조선,       古朝鮮)
                   Then, Korean and her
                    brothers should be
                   originated from Hong-
                        San Culture




 Jongwook Woo
                                                  CSULA
Diamond J, Peter Bellwood P, “Farmers and Their
HiPIC
        Languages: The First Expansions”, Science, 300:597, 2003




이홍규, “한국인의 기원: The Origin of Korean”, 2010, 우리역사 연구 재단
 Jongwook Woo
                                                   CSULA
마스모토 히데오 (松本秀雄), “일본인은 어디서 왔는가”,
                박선술 옮김, 보고사, 2001
HiPIC




이홍규, “한국인의 기원: The Origin of Korean”, 2010, 우리역사 연구 재단
 Jongwook Woo
                                                   CSULA
HiPIC           Old Chosun (고조선,      古朝鮮)




                    Two Cultures in
                    Northeast Asia
                                         © jwoo
 Jongwook Woo
                                          CSULA
HiPIC
            Old Chosun (고조선, 古朝鮮, 아사달, Asa-
                          Dal)
 Originated from Hwan-In and Hwan-
  Woong
        Hwan-Woong is a son of Hwan-In
                – Migrated to human land from the heaven with the
                  advanced technology
        Who they are?
                – Hong-San civilization?

 BC 2333 - ?
        Dan-Goon found chosun (Asa-Dal)
                – Dan-Goon Myth
                   • Bear and Tiger; only the bear became a
                     human woman
         The Sacred Tree (신수), Dolmen Tombs (고인돌),
          Mandolin-shaped dagger (비파형동검)


 Jongwook Woo
                                                               CSULA
HiPIC           Old Chosun (고조선, 古朝鮮, Asa-Dal, Cont’d)

  Chosun (Joseon, 朝鮮, Asa-Dal)
         Is it Jusen (Manchuria)?
        Asa-Dal: Morning Kingdom
                – Still ASA is morning in Japanese
                – How similar Korean and Japanese are

 Dolmen Tomb
        More than 60% of World Dolmen tombs are at
         Chosun Area
 Mandolin-shaped daggers and spheres
        Later Sharpen and narrow style



 Jongwook Woo
                                                        CSULA
HiPIC           Old Chosun (고조선,   古朝鮮)




                                      Map in the
                                     textbook at
                                    Korean School




 Jongwook Woo
                                           CSULA
HiPIC           Old Chosun (고조선,   古朝鮮)




                                    Map based on
                                    Shin Chae-Ho’s
                                    Three Chosun
                                     (조선상고사)




 Jongwook Woo
                                           CSULA
HiPIC           Old Chosun (고조선,   古朝鮮)




                                      Map by Lee
                                    (이덕일) and Kim
                                       (김병기),
                                    “고조선은 대륙의
                                      지배자 였다”




 Jongwook Woo
                                          CSULA
HiPIC           Old Chosun (고조선,   古朝鮮)




                                     History Special
                                      (역사스페셜),
                                      KBS “첫나라
                                     고조선, 수도는
                                       어디였을까”




 Jongwook Woo
                                          CSULA
HiPIC           Old Chosun (고조선,   古朝鮮)




 Jongwook Woo
                                          CSULA
HiPIC           Old Chosun (고조선,   古朝鮮)




 Jongwook Woo
                                          CSULA
HiPIC           Old Chosun (고조선,   古朝鮮)




 Jongwook Woo
                                          CSULA
HiPIC
          Bronze Mirror (Hard to make it even at the
                        present time)




 Jongwook Woo
                                              CSULA
HiPIC
            Carriage Parts found at Pyong-Yang, North
                            Korea 1992




     1992 북한 평양 정백동, History Special, KBS, “첫 나라 고조선,
                   수도는 어디였을까”

 Jongwook Woo
                                                    CSULA
HiPIC
            Carriage Parts found at Pyong-Yang, North
                            Korea 1992




CG Carriage (북한 평양 정백동), History Special, KBS, “첫 나라 고조선,
                    수도는 어디였을까”

 Jongwook Woo
                                                     CSULA
HiPIC           Mirror




 Jongwook Woo
                         CSULA
HiPIC                Gija Chosun, Wiman Chosun

  Gija Chosun
         Shang (은) Dynasty collapsed by Zhou (주) Dynasty
          (1066BC)
            – Wandering people from Shang migrated to the west
              board of Choson (고조선)
            – Chosun allowed Gija people live in the west board (요녕)
              between Zhou and Chosun

  Wiman Chosun
         In 195 BC, King Jun of Gija Chosun (?) appointed a
          refugee from Yan (연), Wiman.
         Wiman later rebelled in 193 BC
            – Became a king of Gija Chosun




 Jongwook Woo
                                                             CSULA
HiPIC           Old Chosun (고조선,   古朝鮮)




                                      Map by Lee
                                    (이덕일) and Kim
                                       (김병기),
                                    “고조선은 대륙의
  기자/위만조선                             지배자 였다”




 Jongwook Woo
                                          CSULA
HiPIC                      The Board of the Great Wall

 Chin China
        The first united China
 Great Wall (만리장성)
        built between 220–206 BC by the first Emperor of
         China, Qin Shi Huang
        In order to defend China from Northern Countries
         such as
                – Chosun
                – The Xiongnu (匈奴; Xiōngnú; Hsiung-nu)
                   • The Hun?
                   • Brother kingdom of Chosun?
        Where is the great wall?


 Jongwook Woo
                                                         CSULA
HiPIC                  The Great Wall


                                                   이덕일, 김병기
                                                    “고조선은
                                                   대륙의 지배자
                                                      였다”



                                        Historians under The
                                        Imperial Japanese as
                                             well as 현존
                                             강단사학자

                Great Wall




 Jongwook Woo
                                                     CSULA
HiPIC           War between Wiman-Chosun and Han China

 Han Moo-Je, Emperor Wu (Wudi; 武帝),
        wants to control the Xiongnu and its ally
         ChoSun
        Han invaded Wiman Chosun at 109 BC
                – 東伐朝鮮 起玄 樂浪 以斷匈奴之左臂
                  『漢書』卷73
                – Han History said “we cut the left arm of
                  Xiongnu”
                – war for 1 year
                   • But ChoSun had an internal trouble and
                     surrendered
                   • Sima Qian says in Records of the Grand
                     Historian (史記)
                       – Chosun fell by Generals Yang Pu (杨仆) and Xun
                         Zhi (荀彘) in 108 BC
                       – But, they were all sentenced to death by Emperor Wu
                         (Why?)
 Jongwook Woo
                                                                        CSULA
HiPIC                   Mirror

  War between
Wiman Chosun and
 Han China at BC
      108




The Great
  Wall




                   Too far from China
                       at BC 108
    Jongwook Woo
                                        CSULA
HiPIC                  The result of the war
  Records of the Grand Historian (史記) says that
         the Han established Four Commanderies of Han
            – But did not mention where they were
         Mystery
                – Who won?
                   • Chosun fell by Generals Yang Pu (杨仆) and Xun Zhi (荀彘)
                     in 108 BC
                       – But, they were all sentenced to death by Emperor Wu (Why?)
                    • The chinese generals were sentenced to death
                    • The ministers of Chosun who surrendered were all
                      assigned to the east coast of china as governors
                – Fought against which Chosun?
                    • Wiman Chosun, the western board of Chosun by 신채호,
                      윤내현, 이덕일, 김병기등

  한사군 논쟁

  고조선 열국들 부여의 패권하에 놓임
 Jongwook Woo
                                                                                  CSULA
HiPIC                      The Great Wall

                                                   이덕일, 김병기
                                                    “고조선은
                Nak-Rang province                  대륙의 지배자
                under Han after the                   였다”
                       war

                                        Historians under The
                                         Imperial Japanese



                     Great Wall




 Jongwook Woo
                                                     CSULA
HiPIC                         The states (열국, 列國)
  Chosun consists of many states
         the northern region of the peninsula and Manchuria was
          occupied by the states of Buyeo, Goguryeo, Okjeo, Dongye,
          and other minor states
         It is hard to tell when Chosun lost its central authority
                – It seems that Bu-Yo took the central authority
                – Is Bu-Yo Chosun?

  Bu-Yo (Bu-Ri)
         North Bu-Yo, East Bu-Yo, Cholbon Bu-Yo
         Buryat is Bu-Yo?

  Ko-Ri (Koree, Koguryo),
         Goguryeo's traditional founding date is 37 BC,
                – but it was mentioned in Chinese records as early as 75 BC, or
                  possibly even 2nd century B




 Jongwook Woo
                                                                         CSULA
HiPIC                The states (열국, 列國) (Cont’d)
  Baek-Je, Shil-La, Ka-Ya, Okjeo, Ye/Mac

  Three Hans (삼한)

  Who these guys are?
         Jusen, Wa, Cathay, Mongol
                – Should be one of Nine Hwans (구환)




 Jongwook Woo
                                                     CSULA
HiPIC                   Yol-Gook



                Bu-Yo



                   Go-Gu-Ryo
                                   Nak-Rang




                        Baek-Je




 Jongwook Woo
                                        CSULA
HiPIC           세계전쟁의 시작 (AD 589 - 668)
  여수 전쟁

  나제 동맹의 붕괴

  여당 전쟁

  백제 멸망

  고구려 멸망

  한국사의 신라 위주의 재편

  동북아 역사 및 국가의 재편




 Jongwook Woo
                                          CSULA
HiPIC       Wars between Koguryo and Su (수, 隋) China

  남북조 통일: AD589, by 수문제 (文帝)
         삼국지 이후 5호16국, 남북조 시대 (약 300여년간)
         천손 vs 천자
                – 두 세계관의 충돌
                – Who is going to control northeast asia, Koguryo or Su?
         영양왕 9년 (598) 말갈군사 1만여명으로 수의 조양지역 공격
         1차 침임 (영양왕 8년, 598): 30만 (0.3 million)
           – 강이식 장군 (조선상고사)

  수양제 (煬帝)
         Met and threaten Koguryo embassy at East Turk (동돌궐)
          계민 Kan’s place (AD607 영양왕 18년)
         2차 침입 (영양왕 22년, 612): 113만 3천 800명 (called 2
          million)
           – 3-4 millions including the Quartermaster corps
           – Defeated by Ul-Chi Moon-Dok and 고건무 (훗날 영류왕)

 Jongwook Woo
                                                                           CSULA
HiPIC           Wars betwee Koguryo and Su (수, 隋) China




                        Naver 한국민족문화대백과
 Jongwook Woo
                                                    CSULA
HiPIC                Wars between 백제 and 신라

  신라와 백제의 원한
        백제의 성왕 전사
                – 나제 동맹으로 고구려로 부터 한강유역 탈환
                – 신라 진흥왕이 백제의 점령지 한강 하류지역 점령
                  (신라 진흥왕 14년, 553)
                – 관산성 전투
                  • 성왕 (과 4명의 좌평) 김무력 (김유신의 아버지)의
                    매복군에게 처형
                    – 노비를 시켜 성왕의 목을 베고 땅에 묻음 (일본서기)
        대야성 전투
                – 백제 장군 윤충 (642년 의자왕 2년, 신라
                  선덕여왕(善德女王)) 군사 1만으로 신라 대야성 공격
                – 대야성 성주 즉 도독(都督)은 김춘추의 사위인
                  김품석(金品釋)
                  • 사지(舍知) 검일(黔日)의 아내를
                    – 검일은 이 일을 원망하다가 백제군과 내통해 창고에 불을
                      질렀다
                  • 김품석 항복: 가족들 모두 처형             CSULA
 Jongwook Woo
HiPIC                 Wars between 백제 and 신라

 대야성 전투 결과
        김춘추는 사흘 밤낮을 식음 전폐하고 기둥에 기대
         멍하게 있었다고 함 [삼국사기]
        김춘추 백제 멸망 결심
                – 왜 (倭 ) 동맹 파견
                  • 백제계 세력이 너무 많음 실패
                – 고구려 동맹 파견
                  • 연개소문에게 구금됨
                     – 신라가 뺏은 한강 유역 및 고구려성 복귀
                     – 당과의 연합 투쟁 제안 [조선상고사]
                     – 토끼와 거북이 이야기로 탈출 성공
                – 당 동맹 파견
                  • 고구려를 견제 하려던 당태종에겐 행운
                  • 신라는 모든 지명, 이름, 복식, 제도등을 당, 한자
                    식으로 바꿈
                     – 신라사신이 일본에 왔을때 사신들의 당식 복장을 보고
                       불쾌해 함 [일본서기]
 Jongwook Woo
                                               CSULA
HiPIC
                Wars between Koguryo and Dang (당, 唐)
                               China
  Tang Semin Yi (이세민, 당태종)
        One of the best Emperors in China
        1차 침입 (645)
                – 신라 김춘추의 동맹 제안
                – 안시성 전투
                  • Lost his eye; defeated and retreated by Yang
                    ManChoon and Yon Gae-So-Moon (Cashin)
        당태종 사망 (649)
          – 안시성전투시 눈에 맞은 화살 때문 인 듯
          – 유훈: Ask his son (당고종) not to attack Koguryo
            anymore




 Jongwook Woo
                                                                   CSULA
HiPIC
                Wars between Koguryo and Dang (당, 唐)
                               China




                       Naver 한국민족문화대백과
 Jongwook Woo
                                                  CSULA
HiPIC                    World War at 7C
 Baek-Je collapsed (AD 660 - 663)
        Silla was almost destroyed by Baek-Je
        나당 연합군 (AD660):
                – 13만명의 당군
                  • 산동성에서 백제 기벌포 상륙
                – 5만명의 신라군
                  • 황산벌 진격
                – 7월13일 웅진성에서 의자왕 항복
                  • 태자 법민 (문무왕, 김유신의 조카): 60대의 의자왕
                    조롱
        백제 부흥운동 (660 - 663)
                – 부여 복신과 일본에서 온 부여 풍
                – 거의 모든 백제지역 회복 및 소정방 (?) 포위
                – 부여 복신과 풍의 내분
                  • 복신 살해됨 with the last word “馬鹿野郞” [일본서기]
 Jongwook Woo
                                                      CSULA
HiPIC
                         백제 부흥운동 (660 - 663)
  Queen Sai-Mei (제명여왕) at Brother
   kingdom, Wa (왜, 倭) Japan
        왜의 제명여왕이 보낸 2만7천명의 왜 구원군과
         1000여척의 배
                – Japanese population was about 5 millions

 Baekje and Wa allies were defeated at
  the river Baek (백강)
        백마강에서 패배 (663) by Shilla and Dang
         allies
        All 4 times battles
                – 400 ships were burned out
                – Many BaekJe people went to Japan
 Jongwook Woo
                                                             CSULA
HiPIC
                 Wars between Koguryo and Dang (당, 唐)
                                China
  백제멸망후 당의 지속적인 고구려 침입
        660년 11월 부터
        662년 소정방 평양성 포위
                – 사수전투: 당의 방효태 및 그 13 아들 및 당군
                  연개소문에게 패퇴 전멸
        665년 연개소문 사망
                – 연남생 남건 형제 내분
                  • 남생 당에 투항
                  • 연정토 (연개소문 동생) 신라에 투항
        668년 7월 나당 연합군에게 고구려 평양성 함락
                – 신라군 (문무왕) 27만명 (?)




 Jongwook Woo
                                                   CSULA
HiPIC                  The result of the World War

  No centralized kingdom in Machuria till Bal-Hae
   Kingdom (AD 698)
         천손족의 사상 문화가 약해짐

  Lost many brother countries from Korean history
         Mal-Gal (말갈) or Jusen (숙신)
                – State of Koguryo and Chosun
                – Started separating from Korean history
         Cathay (거란), Mongol
                – 선비 흉노의 후손
                – 고(구)려를 형제국 이라 부른다고 함
         Japan
           – Many Baek-Je people escaped to Japan
           – Japan was renamed to Ni-Hon (日本) from Wa (倭) at AD
             668
           – Published Japanese history books
                    • Kojiki (古事記, 고사기), AD 712
                    • Nihon Shoki (日本書紀, 일본서기), AD 720
 Jongwook Woo
                                                           CSULA
HiPIC
                The result of the World War (Cont’d)
 Korea and China became very close
         Shilla changed name of cities, people to chinese words
           – Korean has used most Chinese words in Korean
              grammars since then
         Shilla changed traditional clothes to Chinese style
           – Nihon Shoki
                • Complaint about Shilla embassy’s clothes
         Studied Chinese culture and histories for civil exam
           – Started loosing Korea’s identity
         When Manchuria had a strong kingdom, it started attacking
          Korea before invading China
           – Cathay Yo Dynasty attacked Koryo
           – Mongol wanted to have marriage alliance with Koryo
              when attacking southern Song China
           – Jusen Qing Dynasty attacked Chosun before Ming China


 Jongwook Woo
                                                            CSULA
HiPIC           Wall Painting of Koguryo Tombs




                     Heavy Cavarlies, Samsil Tomb

 Jongwook Woo
                                                    CSULA
HiPIC           Wall Painting of Koguryo Tombs




Spike shoes for          Heavy Cavarlies
Cavarly; Hard to
   see now
  Jongwook Woo
                                             CSULA
HiPIC           Wall Painting of Koguryo Tombs




                 Gilt Bronze Spike Shoes of 5C BaikJe Kingdom from
                Bong-Dok-Li, Go-Chang-Goon, Cholla-Book-Do, Korea
 Jongwook Woo
                                                                   CSULA
HiPIC           Armored Warrior Figure of Koguryo, Seoul, Korea




 Jongwook Woo
                                                            CSULA
HiPIC
                   Close relationship with Japan

 Brother kingdom of Japan Wa
  kingdom (倭國)
        Before Baek-Je became the brother
         kingdom of Wa Japan
        Many cultural relationship
                –Turtleship (Myo-Ken Festival
                 妙見宮大祭 )
                  • Master Myo-Ken arrived at Yasuhiro
                    (八代 ), Kyu-Shu from Korea or China
                    on turtle (ship?)


 Jongwook Woo
                                                   CSULA
HiPIC       Navigated east coast of China and Kyushu of
                              Japan




 Jongwook Woo
                                                   CSULA
HiPIC
                Navigated east coast of China and
                        Kyushu of Japan




                                        Baekje enboy in
                                        Yang China, 6C




 Jongwook Woo
                                                    CSULA
HiPIC       Golden plate found at Buso castle (부소산성),
                           Buyo (충남부여)




 Jongwook Woo
                                                 CSULA
HiPIC           Golden Crown found at King Moo-Ryong’s
                          tomb (무령왕릉), 6C




 Jongwook Woo
                                                   CSULA
HiPIC           Golden Bronze Crown, Na-Joo, Shichon-Ri




 Jongwook Woo
                                                    CSULA
HiPIC           Golden Bronze Crown, Andong Tomb, Po-
                 Doo-Myon, Ko-Hung-Goon, ChonNam




 Jongwook Woo
                                                   CSULA
HiPIC           Golden Bronze Crown, Ip-Jom-Ri, Ik-San




 Jongwook Woo
                                                    CSULA
HiPIC
                Life style in Baek-Je




 Jongwook Woo
                                        CSULA
HiPIC
                Life style in Baek-Je




 Jongwook Woo
                                        CSULA
HiPIC           Bronze Mirrors found at King Moo-Ryong’s
                           tomb (무령왕릉), 6C




                   How to use them?




 Jongwook Woo
                                                     CSULA
HiPIC           Stones-piled Pyramid style Tomb, Sok-Chon
                            Dong, Seoul, 1 – 5C




 Jongwook Woo
                                                     CSULA
HiPIC
                Golden Earings, Sok-Chon Dong, Seoul, 1 –
                                   5C




 Jongwook Woo
                                                      CSULA
HiPIC
                Brick Wall, King Mooryong Tomb,
                          Woongjin, 6C




 Jongwook Woo
                                              CSULA
HiPIC
                Bricks, King Mooryong Tomb,
                        Woongjin, 6C




 Jongwook Woo
                                              CSULA
HiPIC
                Brick (Is this the origin of Tae-Guk in Korean
                flag?), King Mooryong Tomb, Woongjin, 6C




 Jongwook Woo
                                                          CSULA
HiPIC           Brick (Phoenix), King Mooryong Tomb,
                            Woongjin, 6C




 Jongwook Woo
                                                   CSULA
HiPIC           Flat Iron, King Mooryong Tomb, Woongjin,
                                    6C




 Jongwook Woo
                                                     CSULA
HiPIC           Swords and the detail of the grip




 Jongwook Woo
                                                CSULA
HiPIC
                Incense Burner, Sabi, 7C




 Jongwook Woo
                                           CSULA
HiPIC                     Incense Burner, Sabi, 7C
                When found, someone buried in hurry to avoid its
                        destruction during the last war




 Jongwook Woo
                                                             CSULA
HiPIC           How close Baek-Je and Wa Japan




    Golden Bronze Maitreyas,     Wooden Maitreya, Ho-Ryu Temple
    미륵보살반가사유상, 6C, 7C            (廣隆寺), Japan, wood from Korea

 Jongwook Woo
                                                    CSULA
HiPIC
                Baek-Je Tomb, Ko-Hung, ChonNam




 Jongwook Woo
                                                 CSULA
HiPIC      Japan Soldiers (~
             8C Nara era)




 Jongwook Woo
                               CSULA
HiPIC           Baek-Je (kudara, kun-nara 큰나라), Osaka,
                                 Japan




 Jongwook Woo
                                                    CSULA
HiPIC
                Shirine King Bek-Je, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan




 Jongwook Woo
                                                       CSULA
HiPIC           Baek-Je Temple, Hirakata, Nara, Japan




 Jongwook Woo
                                                    CSULA
HiPIC
          Baek-Je Kwan-Um, Ho-Ryu
        Temple (法隆寺), Nara, Japan 7C




 Jongwook Woo
                                       CSULA
HiPIC
                Earthenware, Gold Kaya




 Jongwook Woo
                                         CSULA
HiPIC
                Earthenwares, Big Kaya




 Jongwook Woo
                                         CSULA
HiPIC           Earthenwares (From Kaya?), Japan




 Jongwook Woo
                                              CSULA
HiPIC
                Armors, Ok-Jon Tomb and restored sword




 Jongwook Woo
                                                   CSULA
HiPIC
                Armors, Gold Kaya, 4C




                          Dae-Sung-Dong
                             (대성동)

 Jongwook Woo
                                          CSULA
HiPIC           Warrior, Kaya, before 5C, Kim-Hae Museum



                                                   Gold Kaya




 Jongwook Woo
                                                     CSULA
HiPIC
                     Armors, Kaya




                Before 5C and After 5C

 Jongwook Woo
                                         CSULA
HiPIC
            Warrior, Kaya, after 5C, War Museum, Yongsan, Seoul




 Jongwook Woo
                                                          CSULA
HiPIC
            Warrior, Kaya, after 5C, War Museum, Yongsan, Seoul




 Jongwook Woo
                                                          CSULA
HiPIC
                Warrior, Kaya, after 5C




                           Dae-Sung-Dong
                              (대성동)

 Jongwook Woo
                                           CSULA
HiPIC
                        Horse armors found, Kaya




                Wall Painting, Go-
                    Goo-Ryo

 Jongwook Woo
                                                   CSULA
한국사에서의 흉노
                               Shil-La, 신라(新羅)
HiPIC


  Kim (Altai, Gold) originated from The Hun
   (Xiungno)
         Kim Al-Chi from a golden box at Chicken woods (계림)
                – Al: egg
                – Chiken: bird, heaven
         Moon-Moo King’s Stone says
           – Kim is from Kim, Il-Je, Xiungno’s princess
         Another stone of Ms Kim from Shilla at Dang China
           – Has the same content

  Symbols of Shil-La (57 BC – 935 AD )
         Respect Horse, Egg, Heaven, Gold, flat or cone head,
          Rhyton (Drinking Horn), Bronze Pot
         Golden crowns: 60%
           – 6 out of 10 golden crowns in the world are found at Shilla
             area



 Jongwook Woo
                                                                CSULA
Meaning of the Crown (금관의 비밀, 김병모,
                          한양대)
HiPIC




                              Bird (Wings)

                                Leaves


                                Antler




                             Sacred Tree

                                     fruits




 Jongwook Woo
                                              CSULA
HiPIC
        Rhytons, Koo-Ho-Dong #5 tomb, Dong-
                       Hae




 Jongwook Woo
                                     CSULA
HiPIC
                Flat- and Cone Head Forming,
                     History Special, KBS




 Jongwook Woo
                                         CSULA
HiPIC                    Kaya 가야(加倻) (AD 42 - 562)
  Kim (Altai, Gold) probably from The Hun (Xiungno)
         Confederacy
           – 6 clans
                     • Kim Soo-Ro (김수로)
                         – Boys became kings of each clan, incubated from 6 eggs descended
                            from the heaven Boys became kings of each clan, incubated from 6
                            eggs descended from the heaven
         Probably the same origin as Kim in Silla
                – Symbols
                     • Gold, Egg, Heaven, Iron
         Called Gara (가라; 加羅)

  Iron Kingdom

  Close to Baek-Je and Wa Japan
         Attack Shilla with the allies
         Attacked by Koguryo 5C
         Merged to Shilla 6C
                – Did major role to destroy Baek-Je and Koguryo and unite Korea




 Jongwook Woo
                                                                                     CSULA
HiPIC
                Rhyta, relationship with Shil-La and
                              Xiungno




 Jongwook Woo
                                                 CSULA
HiPIC           Bronze Pot, relationship with Xiungno




  Kaya’s Bronze Pot
                                          Shil-La’s cavarlies with
                                                Bronze Pots




                                 Bronze Pots of Shil-La and
                                     Sophia, Bulgaria


 Jongwook Woo
                                                          CSULA
HiPIC
                Flat Head Forming, relationship with
                             Xiungno




 Jongwook Woo
                                                 CSULA
HiPIC




 Jongwook Woo
                CSULA

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Ancient North East and Korean History with Two Wars

  • 1. HiPIC The Ancient North-East Asian and Korean History CKAKS Lecture Series Aug 1 2012 Jongwook Woo, PhD jwoo5@calstatela.edu High-Performance Information Computing Center (HiPIC) Computer Information Systems Department California State University Los Angeles Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 2. HiPIC Contents 개요 Two myths at East Asia The oldest culture in Asia Old Choson (BC 2333 - ?) Gija/Wiman Chosun War with Han World Wars Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 3. HiPIC 개요 역사를 왜 배우는가 재외 동포들에게 본국의 역사란 무엇인가 Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 4. HiPIC The views of Korean history Chosun (조선) Kingdom in Korea (1392- 1892, 1892 – 1910)  Ideology to establish the Land of the Wiseman (군자) Since 16C, studied Chinese Confucianism too seriously Wanna-Be Chinese – Doctrinaire attitudes/beliefs Wanted to have a link between the Old Chosun, – especialy Chinese Gija (기자) Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 5. HiPIC The views of Korean history (Cont’d) Korean old histories have been used politically Korea-Japan Annexation (1910-1945): – Japanese Imperial Government distorted the old history of Korea • 쓰다 소우키치(津田左右吉) 와 그 제자 이병도, 손진태 • Most historians in South Korean universities were educated by Japanese Imperial Government or theirs disciples – 실증사학 (식민사학?) – 이병도 (조선사 편수회, 진단학회), 손진태 (진단학회) 및 제자들 North-East Project (동북공정) of China (2002 – 2006) – any pre-modern people or states that occupied any part of what is now the People's Republic of China are defined as having been part of that greater Chinese state – Others • Northwest Project:Tibet • Southwest Project: Xinjiang CSULA Jongwook Woo
  • 6. HiPIC The views of Korean history (Cont’d)  Many other Korean historians  Different from and Reforming the old history of Korea, especially the Old Chosun and Three Kingdoms  South Korea – 민족사학 • 신채호 (독립운동가, 사학자), 문정창 (사학자), 윤내현 (단국대학교), 김용운 (단국대학교), 이덕일 (한가람역사문화연구소 소장), 김병기 (한가람역사문화연구소 위원), 이종기, 김운회 (동양대) etc  North Korea – 주체사학 • 김석형 주체사학 과 제자들 – Under Military Government (1961 - 1993) in South Korea • Arrested if you had the same opinion with North Koreans – New Right • 식민지 근대론: – 반 민족적; 일본우익과 같은 역사관  If you read many history books, you will have the similar view with 민족사학자 Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 7. HiPIC Old Chosun (고조선, 古朝鮮) Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 8. Two myths at East Asia HiPIC (The symbols of Korea and its brothers)  The Sons of Heaven (천손)  Respect Sun, Light  Worship birds  Love gold, especially Shilla  Respect horse  Good at Archery  Also use horn-shaped cup, especially Shilla and Kaya – Koreans, Kazakhs, Bryats, Evenkies, Mongols, Yakuts, Machurians, Japanese  The Oviparity (난생)  Born from egg – Eggs from the Heaven • Chu-Mo (주몽), Kim Soo-Ro (김수로), Park Hyok-Go-Se (박혁거세) Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 9. HiPIC The sons of heaven and Phoenix 천손신화와 신조사상 분포 김병모 (Hanyang Univ.), “금관의 비밀” Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 10. HiPIC The sons of heaven and The Ovaparity 천손 과 난생신화 분포 김병모 (Hanyang Univ.), “금관의 비밀” Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 11. HiPIC Old Chosun (고조선, 古朝鮮) Two Cultures in Northeast Asia © jwoo Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 12. HiPIC Old Chosun Lake Baikhal (바이칼호) (고조선, 古朝鮮) It has been believed that Korean and her brothers are originated from Baikhal Lake Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 13. 구환 (Nine- Hwan, Han), 동이 (East Yi, 東夷) HiPIC  규원사화 (Kyoo-Won History) by Book-Ae, AD1675, King Sook-Jong, Chosun)  Hwan-In, Hwan-Wong (Shin-Shi), Dan-Goon  구한 Nine Hwans – National Library, Seoul, Korea; 국립 중앙도서관, 귀 626 (고 2105-1) 1책  夷: 大 (“big”) + 弓 (“bow”)  That Chinese called Korean and her brothers (Nine Yi’s)  The origin of the everything, “Book of the Later Han ” – 後漢書 ;王制; 云: [東方曰夷.] 夷者, 也, 言仁而好生, 萬物 地而出.[1] 故天性柔順, 易以道御, 至有君子不死之國焉.[2] 夷有九種,[3] 曰 夷, 于夷, 方夷, 黃夷, 白夷, 赤夷, 玄夷, 風 夷, 陽夷.[4] 故孔子欲居九夷也.  The root of everything: 萬物之柢 – I forgot which book says so; another version of “Book of the Later Han ”?  There are Nine Yi’s Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 14. HiPIC Hong-San Culture  Yellow River Culture (Yangshao culture (仰 韶文化), BC 5000 – BC 3000)  was believed first in the east Asia  Chinese history – Yangshao -> Yellow River -> Xia (하) Dynasty (c. 2100 - c. 1600 BC)  But in the area of Yi, the oldest ruins found At Da-Ring-Ho (대릉하) : 요하 where the area Yi lived in, – Sing-Rung-Wa (흥륭화) ruins (BC6200 – BC5200) were found • Chahai (사해) ruins (BC5600) – Believed that Korean is originated from the lake Bikhal • but should be originated from here • Or built this culture even from Bikhal Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 15. HiPIC Hong-San Culture (Cont’d)  Hong-San (红山文化) culture was found at Liao-Ning (요녕), Manchuria and Jok-Bong, Inner-Mongolia  BC 4500 – BC3000 (2000 earlier than Yellow River Culture)  Originated from Chahai and Sing-Rung-Wa  Ha-Ga-Jom (하가점 하층문화), Jok-Bong, Inner-Mongol – BC2000 – BC1200  Probably Korean (and Manchurian) is originated from Hong- San civilization  Because the area is the origin of Yi’s  And, so is Mongolian – 북방 유목 수렵민족 모두  China culture is affected by Sing-Rung-Wa (흥륭화) and Hong-San (红山文化)  Lawler A, “Beyond Yellow River: How China Became China?”, Science, 325:930-935, 2009  Lawler A, “East and West”, Science, 325:940-943, 2009 Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 16. HiPIC Hong-San Civilization 흥륭화 (BC6200 – BC5200), 사해 (BC 5600) Hong-San Culture (BC 4500 – BC 3000) located where Yi (東夷 ) lived The Great Wall Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 17. HiPIC Hong-San Culture 흥륭화 (BC6200 – BC5200), 사해 (BC 5600), Hong-San Culture ( BC 4500 – BC 3000) Yangshao culture (仰 韶文化): BC 5000 - Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 18. HiPIC Old Lake Baikhal Chosun (고조선, 古朝鮮) Then, Korean and her brothers should be originated from Hong- San Culture Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 19. Diamond J, Peter Bellwood P, “Farmers and Their HiPIC Languages: The First Expansions”, Science, 300:597, 2003 이홍규, “한국인의 기원: The Origin of Korean”, 2010, 우리역사 연구 재단 Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 20. 마스모토 히데오 (松本秀雄), “일본인은 어디서 왔는가”, 박선술 옮김, 보고사, 2001 HiPIC 이홍규, “한국인의 기원: The Origin of Korean”, 2010, 우리역사 연구 재단 Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 21. HiPIC Old Chosun (고조선, 古朝鮮) Two Cultures in Northeast Asia © jwoo Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 22. HiPIC Old Chosun (고조선, 古朝鮮, 아사달, Asa- Dal) Originated from Hwan-In and Hwan- Woong Hwan-Woong is a son of Hwan-In – Migrated to human land from the heaven with the advanced technology Who they are? – Hong-San civilization? BC 2333 - ? Dan-Goon found chosun (Asa-Dal) – Dan-Goon Myth • Bear and Tiger; only the bear became a human woman  The Sacred Tree (신수), Dolmen Tombs (고인돌), Mandolin-shaped dagger (비파형동검) Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 23. HiPIC Old Chosun (고조선, 古朝鮮, Asa-Dal, Cont’d)  Chosun (Joseon, 朝鮮, Asa-Dal)  Is it Jusen (Manchuria)? Asa-Dal: Morning Kingdom – Still ASA is morning in Japanese – How similar Korean and Japanese are Dolmen Tomb More than 60% of World Dolmen tombs are at Chosun Area Mandolin-shaped daggers and spheres Later Sharpen and narrow style Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 24. HiPIC Old Chosun (고조선, 古朝鮮) Map in the textbook at Korean School Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 25. HiPIC Old Chosun (고조선, 古朝鮮) Map based on Shin Chae-Ho’s Three Chosun (조선상고사) Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 26. HiPIC Old Chosun (고조선, 古朝鮮) Map by Lee (이덕일) and Kim (김병기), “고조선은 대륙의 지배자 였다” Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 27. HiPIC Old Chosun (고조선, 古朝鮮) History Special (역사스페셜), KBS “첫나라 고조선, 수도는 어디였을까” Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 28. HiPIC Old Chosun (고조선, 古朝鮮) Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 29. HiPIC Old Chosun (고조선, 古朝鮮) Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 30. HiPIC Old Chosun (고조선, 古朝鮮) Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 31. HiPIC Bronze Mirror (Hard to make it even at the present time) Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 32. HiPIC Carriage Parts found at Pyong-Yang, North Korea 1992 1992 북한 평양 정백동, History Special, KBS, “첫 나라 고조선, 수도는 어디였을까” Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 33. HiPIC Carriage Parts found at Pyong-Yang, North Korea 1992 CG Carriage (북한 평양 정백동), History Special, KBS, “첫 나라 고조선, 수도는 어디였을까” Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 34. HiPIC Mirror Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 35. HiPIC Gija Chosun, Wiman Chosun  Gija Chosun  Shang (은) Dynasty collapsed by Zhou (주) Dynasty (1066BC) – Wandering people from Shang migrated to the west board of Choson (고조선) – Chosun allowed Gija people live in the west board (요녕) between Zhou and Chosun  Wiman Chosun  In 195 BC, King Jun of Gija Chosun (?) appointed a refugee from Yan (연), Wiman.  Wiman later rebelled in 193 BC – Became a king of Gija Chosun Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 36. HiPIC Old Chosun (고조선, 古朝鮮) Map by Lee (이덕일) and Kim (김병기), “고조선은 대륙의 기자/위만조선 지배자 였다” Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 37. HiPIC The Board of the Great Wall Chin China The first united China Great Wall (만리장성) built between 220–206 BC by the first Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang In order to defend China from Northern Countries such as – Chosun – The Xiongnu (匈奴; Xiōngnú; Hsiung-nu) • The Hun? • Brother kingdom of Chosun? Where is the great wall? Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 38. HiPIC The Great Wall 이덕일, 김병기 “고조선은 대륙의 지배자 였다” Historians under The Imperial Japanese as well as 현존 강단사학자 Great Wall Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 39. HiPIC War between Wiman-Chosun and Han China Han Moo-Je, Emperor Wu (Wudi; 武帝), wants to control the Xiongnu and its ally ChoSun Han invaded Wiman Chosun at 109 BC – 東伐朝鮮 起玄 樂浪 以斷匈奴之左臂 『漢書』卷73 – Han History said “we cut the left arm of Xiongnu” – war for 1 year • But ChoSun had an internal trouble and surrendered • Sima Qian says in Records of the Grand Historian (史記) – Chosun fell by Generals Yang Pu (杨仆) and Xun Zhi (荀彘) in 108 BC – But, they were all sentenced to death by Emperor Wu (Why?) Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 40. HiPIC Mirror War between Wiman Chosun and Han China at BC 108 The Great Wall Too far from China at BC 108 Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 41. HiPIC The result of the war  Records of the Grand Historian (史記) says that  the Han established Four Commanderies of Han – But did not mention where they were  Mystery – Who won? • Chosun fell by Generals Yang Pu (杨仆) and Xun Zhi (荀彘) in 108 BC – But, they were all sentenced to death by Emperor Wu (Why?) • The chinese generals were sentenced to death • The ministers of Chosun who surrendered were all assigned to the east coast of china as governors – Fought against which Chosun? • Wiman Chosun, the western board of Chosun by 신채호, 윤내현, 이덕일, 김병기등  한사군 논쟁  고조선 열국들 부여의 패권하에 놓임 Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 42. HiPIC The Great Wall 이덕일, 김병기 “고조선은 Nak-Rang province 대륙의 지배자 under Han after the 였다” war Historians under The Imperial Japanese Great Wall Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 43. HiPIC The states (열국, 列國)  Chosun consists of many states  the northern region of the peninsula and Manchuria was occupied by the states of Buyeo, Goguryeo, Okjeo, Dongye, and other minor states  It is hard to tell when Chosun lost its central authority – It seems that Bu-Yo took the central authority – Is Bu-Yo Chosun?  Bu-Yo (Bu-Ri)  North Bu-Yo, East Bu-Yo, Cholbon Bu-Yo  Buryat is Bu-Yo?  Ko-Ri (Koree, Koguryo),  Goguryeo's traditional founding date is 37 BC, – but it was mentioned in Chinese records as early as 75 BC, or possibly even 2nd century B Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 44. HiPIC The states (열국, 列國) (Cont’d)  Baek-Je, Shil-La, Ka-Ya, Okjeo, Ye/Mac  Three Hans (삼한)  Who these guys are?  Jusen, Wa, Cathay, Mongol – Should be one of Nine Hwans (구환) Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 45. HiPIC Yol-Gook Bu-Yo Go-Gu-Ryo Nak-Rang Baek-Je Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 46. HiPIC 세계전쟁의 시작 (AD 589 - 668)  여수 전쟁  나제 동맹의 붕괴  여당 전쟁  백제 멸망  고구려 멸망  한국사의 신라 위주의 재편  동북아 역사 및 국가의 재편 Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 47. HiPIC Wars between Koguryo and Su (수, 隋) China  남북조 통일: AD589, by 수문제 (文帝)  삼국지 이후 5호16국, 남북조 시대 (약 300여년간)  천손 vs 천자 – 두 세계관의 충돌 – Who is going to control northeast asia, Koguryo or Su?  영양왕 9년 (598) 말갈군사 1만여명으로 수의 조양지역 공격  1차 침임 (영양왕 8년, 598): 30만 (0.3 million) – 강이식 장군 (조선상고사)  수양제 (煬帝)  Met and threaten Koguryo embassy at East Turk (동돌궐) 계민 Kan’s place (AD607 영양왕 18년)  2차 침입 (영양왕 22년, 612): 113만 3천 800명 (called 2 million) – 3-4 millions including the Quartermaster corps – Defeated by Ul-Chi Moon-Dok and 고건무 (훗날 영류왕) Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 48. HiPIC Wars betwee Koguryo and Su (수, 隋) China Naver 한국민족문화대백과 Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 49. HiPIC Wars between 백제 and 신라  신라와 백제의 원한 백제의 성왕 전사 – 나제 동맹으로 고구려로 부터 한강유역 탈환 – 신라 진흥왕이 백제의 점령지 한강 하류지역 점령 (신라 진흥왕 14년, 553) – 관산성 전투 • 성왕 (과 4명의 좌평) 김무력 (김유신의 아버지)의 매복군에게 처형 – 노비를 시켜 성왕의 목을 베고 땅에 묻음 (일본서기) 대야성 전투 – 백제 장군 윤충 (642년 의자왕 2년, 신라 선덕여왕(善德女王)) 군사 1만으로 신라 대야성 공격 – 대야성 성주 즉 도독(都督)은 김춘추의 사위인 김품석(金品釋) • 사지(舍知) 검일(黔日)의 아내를 – 검일은 이 일을 원망하다가 백제군과 내통해 창고에 불을 질렀다 • 김품석 항복: 가족들 모두 처형 CSULA Jongwook Woo
  • 50. HiPIC Wars between 백제 and 신라 대야성 전투 결과 김춘추는 사흘 밤낮을 식음 전폐하고 기둥에 기대 멍하게 있었다고 함 [삼국사기] 김춘추 백제 멸망 결심 – 왜 (倭 ) 동맹 파견 • 백제계 세력이 너무 많음 실패 – 고구려 동맹 파견 • 연개소문에게 구금됨 – 신라가 뺏은 한강 유역 및 고구려성 복귀 – 당과의 연합 투쟁 제안 [조선상고사] – 토끼와 거북이 이야기로 탈출 성공 – 당 동맹 파견 • 고구려를 견제 하려던 당태종에겐 행운 • 신라는 모든 지명, 이름, 복식, 제도등을 당, 한자 식으로 바꿈 – 신라사신이 일본에 왔을때 사신들의 당식 복장을 보고 불쾌해 함 [일본서기] Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 51. HiPIC Wars between Koguryo and Dang (당, 唐) China  Tang Semin Yi (이세민, 당태종) One of the best Emperors in China 1차 침입 (645) – 신라 김춘추의 동맹 제안 – 안시성 전투 • Lost his eye; defeated and retreated by Yang ManChoon and Yon Gae-So-Moon (Cashin) 당태종 사망 (649) – 안시성전투시 눈에 맞은 화살 때문 인 듯 – 유훈: Ask his son (당고종) not to attack Koguryo anymore Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 52. HiPIC Wars between Koguryo and Dang (당, 唐) China Naver 한국민족문화대백과 Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 53. HiPIC World War at 7C Baek-Je collapsed (AD 660 - 663) Silla was almost destroyed by Baek-Je 나당 연합군 (AD660): – 13만명의 당군 • 산동성에서 백제 기벌포 상륙 – 5만명의 신라군 • 황산벌 진격 – 7월13일 웅진성에서 의자왕 항복 • 태자 법민 (문무왕, 김유신의 조카): 60대의 의자왕 조롱 백제 부흥운동 (660 - 663) – 부여 복신과 일본에서 온 부여 풍 – 거의 모든 백제지역 회복 및 소정방 (?) 포위 – 부여 복신과 풍의 내분 • 복신 살해됨 with the last word “馬鹿野郞” [일본서기] Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 54. HiPIC 백제 부흥운동 (660 - 663)  Queen Sai-Mei (제명여왕) at Brother kingdom, Wa (왜, 倭) Japan 왜의 제명여왕이 보낸 2만7천명의 왜 구원군과 1000여척의 배 – Japanese population was about 5 millions Baekje and Wa allies were defeated at the river Baek (백강) 백마강에서 패배 (663) by Shilla and Dang allies All 4 times battles – 400 ships were burned out – Many BaekJe people went to Japan Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 55. HiPIC Wars between Koguryo and Dang (당, 唐) China  백제멸망후 당의 지속적인 고구려 침입 660년 11월 부터 662년 소정방 평양성 포위 – 사수전투: 당의 방효태 및 그 13 아들 및 당군 연개소문에게 패퇴 전멸 665년 연개소문 사망 – 연남생 남건 형제 내분 • 남생 당에 투항 • 연정토 (연개소문 동생) 신라에 투항 668년 7월 나당 연합군에게 고구려 평양성 함락 – 신라군 (문무왕) 27만명 (?) Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 56. HiPIC The result of the World War  No centralized kingdom in Machuria till Bal-Hae Kingdom (AD 698)  천손족의 사상 문화가 약해짐  Lost many brother countries from Korean history  Mal-Gal (말갈) or Jusen (숙신) – State of Koguryo and Chosun – Started separating from Korean history  Cathay (거란), Mongol – 선비 흉노의 후손 – 고(구)려를 형제국 이라 부른다고 함  Japan – Many Baek-Je people escaped to Japan – Japan was renamed to Ni-Hon (日本) from Wa (倭) at AD 668 – Published Japanese history books • Kojiki (古事記, 고사기), AD 712 • Nihon Shoki (日本書紀, 일본서기), AD 720 Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 57. HiPIC The result of the World War (Cont’d) Korea and China became very close  Shilla changed name of cities, people to chinese words – Korean has used most Chinese words in Korean grammars since then  Shilla changed traditional clothes to Chinese style – Nihon Shoki • Complaint about Shilla embassy’s clothes  Studied Chinese culture and histories for civil exam – Started loosing Korea’s identity  When Manchuria had a strong kingdom, it started attacking Korea before invading China – Cathay Yo Dynasty attacked Koryo – Mongol wanted to have marriage alliance with Koryo when attacking southern Song China – Jusen Qing Dynasty attacked Chosun before Ming China Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 58. HiPIC Wall Painting of Koguryo Tombs Heavy Cavarlies, Samsil Tomb Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 59. HiPIC Wall Painting of Koguryo Tombs Spike shoes for Heavy Cavarlies Cavarly; Hard to see now Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 60. HiPIC Wall Painting of Koguryo Tombs Gilt Bronze Spike Shoes of 5C BaikJe Kingdom from Bong-Dok-Li, Go-Chang-Goon, Cholla-Book-Do, Korea Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 61. HiPIC Armored Warrior Figure of Koguryo, Seoul, Korea Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 62. HiPIC Close relationship with Japan Brother kingdom of Japan Wa kingdom (倭國) Before Baek-Je became the brother kingdom of Wa Japan Many cultural relationship –Turtleship (Myo-Ken Festival 妙見宮大祭 ) • Master Myo-Ken arrived at Yasuhiro (八代 ), Kyu-Shu from Korea or China on turtle (ship?) Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 63. HiPIC Navigated east coast of China and Kyushu of Japan Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 64. HiPIC Navigated east coast of China and Kyushu of Japan Baekje enboy in Yang China, 6C Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 65. HiPIC Golden plate found at Buso castle (부소산성), Buyo (충남부여) Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 66. HiPIC Golden Crown found at King Moo-Ryong’s tomb (무령왕릉), 6C Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 67. HiPIC Golden Bronze Crown, Na-Joo, Shichon-Ri Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 68. HiPIC Golden Bronze Crown, Andong Tomb, Po- Doo-Myon, Ko-Hung-Goon, ChonNam Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 69. HiPIC Golden Bronze Crown, Ip-Jom-Ri, Ik-San Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 70. HiPIC Life style in Baek-Je Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 71. HiPIC Life style in Baek-Je Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 72. HiPIC Bronze Mirrors found at King Moo-Ryong’s tomb (무령왕릉), 6C How to use them? Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 73. HiPIC Stones-piled Pyramid style Tomb, Sok-Chon Dong, Seoul, 1 – 5C Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 74. HiPIC Golden Earings, Sok-Chon Dong, Seoul, 1 – 5C Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 75. HiPIC Brick Wall, King Mooryong Tomb, Woongjin, 6C Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 76. HiPIC Bricks, King Mooryong Tomb, Woongjin, 6C Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 77. HiPIC Brick (Is this the origin of Tae-Guk in Korean flag?), King Mooryong Tomb, Woongjin, 6C Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 78. HiPIC Brick (Phoenix), King Mooryong Tomb, Woongjin, 6C Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 79. HiPIC Flat Iron, King Mooryong Tomb, Woongjin, 6C Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 80. HiPIC Swords and the detail of the grip Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 81. HiPIC Incense Burner, Sabi, 7C Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 82. HiPIC Incense Burner, Sabi, 7C When found, someone buried in hurry to avoid its destruction during the last war Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 83. HiPIC How close Baek-Je and Wa Japan Golden Bronze Maitreyas, Wooden Maitreya, Ho-Ryu Temple 미륵보살반가사유상, 6C, 7C (廣隆寺), Japan, wood from Korea Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 84. HiPIC Baek-Je Tomb, Ko-Hung, ChonNam Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 85. HiPIC Japan Soldiers (~ 8C Nara era) Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 86. HiPIC Baek-Je (kudara, kun-nara 큰나라), Osaka, Japan Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 87. HiPIC Shirine King Bek-Je, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 88. HiPIC Baek-Je Temple, Hirakata, Nara, Japan Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 89. HiPIC Baek-Je Kwan-Um, Ho-Ryu Temple (法隆寺), Nara, Japan 7C Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 90. HiPIC Earthenware, Gold Kaya Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 91. HiPIC Earthenwares, Big Kaya Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 92. HiPIC Earthenwares (From Kaya?), Japan Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 93. HiPIC Armors, Ok-Jon Tomb and restored sword Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 94. HiPIC Armors, Gold Kaya, 4C Dae-Sung-Dong (대성동) Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 95. HiPIC Warrior, Kaya, before 5C, Kim-Hae Museum Gold Kaya Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 96. HiPIC Armors, Kaya Before 5C and After 5C Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 97. HiPIC Warrior, Kaya, after 5C, War Museum, Yongsan, Seoul Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 98. HiPIC Warrior, Kaya, after 5C, War Museum, Yongsan, Seoul Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 99. HiPIC Warrior, Kaya, after 5C Dae-Sung-Dong (대성동) Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 100. HiPIC Horse armors found, Kaya Wall Painting, Go- Goo-Ryo Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 101. 한국사에서의 흉노 Shil-La, 신라(新羅) HiPIC  Kim (Altai, Gold) originated from The Hun (Xiungno)  Kim Al-Chi from a golden box at Chicken woods (계림) – Al: egg – Chiken: bird, heaven  Moon-Moo King’s Stone says – Kim is from Kim, Il-Je, Xiungno’s princess  Another stone of Ms Kim from Shilla at Dang China – Has the same content  Symbols of Shil-La (57 BC – 935 AD )  Respect Horse, Egg, Heaven, Gold, flat or cone head, Rhyton (Drinking Horn), Bronze Pot  Golden crowns: 60% – 6 out of 10 golden crowns in the world are found at Shilla area Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 102. Meaning of the Crown (금관의 비밀, 김병모, 한양대) HiPIC Bird (Wings) Leaves Antler Sacred Tree fruits Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 103. HiPIC Rhytons, Koo-Ho-Dong #5 tomb, Dong- Hae Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 104. HiPIC Flat- and Cone Head Forming, History Special, KBS Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 105. HiPIC Kaya 가야(加倻) (AD 42 - 562)  Kim (Altai, Gold) probably from The Hun (Xiungno)  Confederacy – 6 clans • Kim Soo-Ro (김수로) – Boys became kings of each clan, incubated from 6 eggs descended from the heaven Boys became kings of each clan, incubated from 6 eggs descended from the heaven  Probably the same origin as Kim in Silla – Symbols • Gold, Egg, Heaven, Iron  Called Gara (가라; 加羅)  Iron Kingdom  Close to Baek-Je and Wa Japan  Attack Shilla with the allies  Attacked by Koguryo 5C  Merged to Shilla 6C – Did major role to destroy Baek-Je and Koguryo and unite Korea Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 106. HiPIC Rhyta, relationship with Shil-La and Xiungno Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 107. HiPIC Bronze Pot, relationship with Xiungno Kaya’s Bronze Pot Shil-La’s cavarlies with Bronze Pots Bronze Pots of Shil-La and Sophia, Bulgaria Jongwook Woo CSULA
  • 108. HiPIC Flat Head Forming, relationship with Xiungno Jongwook Woo CSULA