This document summarizes key indicators for Panama from the Global Innovation Index 2014. Some highlights include: - Panama ranked 52nd out of 143 countries on the Global Innovation Index, with a score of 38.3. - Areas of strength for Panama included innovation efficiency (ranked 20th) and innovation linkages (ranked 18th). - Areas of weakness included knowledge workers (ranked 124th) and knowledge creation (ranked 110th). - GDP per capita for Panama was $16,658, indicating an upper-middle income economy.

1. Digital Innovation & Entrepreneurship
Panama Open Space 2014

2. 1º Versión,
Inspiración
+ Entrenamiento
+ Networking www.webcongress.com/panama
Evento a nivel internacional
enfocado en marketing digital
tendencias y nuevas tecnologías
en internet.
Conferencias, Talleres demo,
Workshops, W show y Party
*Ponentes expertos a nivel global,
que ofrecen consejos claves para
ejecutivos y directivos que
necesitan tomar decisiones en su
empresa
*Descubre increíbles oportunidades
de negocio.

3. OPEN WALL
Digital Innovation & Entrepreneurship:
Inspiración
+Co-creación
+Inteligencia
+Articulación
+Resultado
OPEN INTELLIGENCE
CONCLUSIÓN & Q&A
OPEN MAP
EXPOCISIONES
NETWORKING
Capacitación + Comunidades + Innovación
D2I Institute + CoworkingPTY + Xpluk
Experiencias Innovadores,
Emprendedores & Mentores: retos,
riesgos y oportunidades del ecosistema
digital en Panamá (20 min.)
Creación Mapa Ecosistema Digital con
problemas-soluciones en directo,
paralelo track “Open Wall” (20 min.)
Hangout invitado sorpresa,
conclusiones Mapa Ecosistema Digital,
espacio Q&A asistentes (20 min.)
OPEN INSPIRATION

4. FIGURA N°1.1: Relación entre actividad emprendedora y PIB per cápita, 2012.
Fuente: Elaboración propia en base a información del GEM, 2012 y estimación del FMI
PIB per cápita
Chile
Colombia
Brasil
Israel
Estados Unidos
40
30
Porcentaje de emprendimientos 0
20
10
0
20.000 40.000 60.000
1

5. incluyendo las políticas públicas.
los emprendimientos en Chile.
FIGURA N° 1.7: Condiciones de entorno
Fuente: Elaboración propia en base a data del GEM, 2005 y 2011
Transferencia de I+D
2005
5
2011
Acceso a
infraestructura física
4
Educación
3
2
Infraestructura
1
comercial y profesional
Acceso a financiamiento
0
Políticas públicas
Programas de gobierno
Normas sociales y culturales Acceso a mercado
Así, las políticas públicas, las normas sociales y culturales, y
De acuerdo a la Encuesta Longitudinal de Empresas (ELE)

6. venido llevando a cabo por distintos actores (públicos y/o privados).
del país.
Tabla N°1.1: Principales trabas en el país para el emprendimiento e innovación.
Fuente: Corfo (2012a)
1. Normativa inapropiada 2. Burocracia 3. Complejidad en trámites
16
4. Apoyo de funcionarios
públicos
5. Prejuicios
hacia el mundo privado
6. Ausencia en difusión
de política pública
7. Competencia desleal 8. Financiamiento privado 9. Condiciones de género
10. Limitaciones
de financiamiento
por falta de garantías
11. Financiamiento público 12. Condiciones del entorno
13. Características
del capital humano
14. Apoyo para las ventas
y comercialización 15. Otros

7. chapter 2
Table 2.2: Entrepreneurial Attitudes and Perceptions in the GEM Countries in 2012 by
Geographic Region
Economy
Perceived
opportunities
Perceived
capabilities
Fear of failure*
Entrepreneurial
intentions **
Entrepreneurship
as a good career
choice+
High status
to successful
entrepreneurs+
Media attention for
entrepreneurship+
LATIN AMERICA & CARRIBEAN
Argentina 50 63 27 29 74 67 63
Barbados 47 70 17 23 - - -
Brazil 52 54 31 36 89 86 86
Chile 65 60 28 43 70 68 66
Colombia 72 57 32 57 89 75 69
Costa Rica 47 63 35 33 72 72 79
Ecuador 59 72 33 51 88 84 79
El Salvador 43 59 42 40 73 72 62
Mexico 45 62 26 18 56 54 38
Panama 38 43 17 12 - - -
Peru 57 65 30 45 77 73 76
Trinidad &
Tobago 59 76 17 37 78 76 64
Uruguay 51 58 27 20 61 59 51
Average
(unweighted) 53 62 28 34 75 71 67
MIDDLE EAST & NORTH AFRICA

8. chapter 2
Table 2.3: Entrepreneurial Activity in the 69 GEM Countries in 2012, by Geographic Region
Country
Nascent
entrepreneurship
rate
New business
ownership
Early-stage
entrepreneurial
activity (TEA)
Established
business
ownership rate
Discontinuation of
businesses
Necessity-driven
(% of TEA)
Improvement-driven
opportunity
(% of TEA)
LATIN AMERICA & CARRIBEAN
Argentina 12 7 19 10 5 35 47
Barbados 10 7 17 12 3 12 63
Brazil 4 11 15 15 5 30 59
Chile 15 8 23 8 5 17 69
Colombia 14 7 20 7 7 12 48
Costa Rica 10 5 15 3 3 20 48
Ecuador 17 12 27 19 8 36 30
El Salvador 8 8 15 9 8 35 39
Mexico 8 4 12 5 4 13 52
Panama 7 3 9 2 2 19 57
Peru 15 6 20 5 7 23 53
Trinidad &
Tobago 9 7 15 7 5 15 60
Uruguay 10 5 15 5 5 18 40
Average
(unweighted) 11 7 17 8 5 22 51
MIDDLE EAST & NORTH AFRICA

9. NOTE: O 3.2.3 I: Country/Economy Profiles
Key indicators
Population (millions) .............................................................................................................3.8
(US$ billions) ................................................................................................................40.3
GDP per capita, PPP$ .................................................................................................... 16,658.1
Income group ........................................................................................... Upper-middle income
Region..................................................................................... Latin America and the Caribbean
Score (0–100)
or value (hard data) Rank
Global Innovation Index (out of 143) ................................. 38.3 52
Innovation Output Sub-Index ..................................................................................35.2 42
Innovation Input Sub-Index .....................................................................................41.4 64
Innovation Efficiency Ratio.........................................................................................0.9 20 O
Global Innovation Index 2013 (out of 142) ..............................................................31.8 86
1 Institutions ....................................................59.7 75
1.1 Political environment ..........................................................................59.4 64
1.1.1 Political stability*....................................................................................61.9 80
1.1.2 Government effectiveness* ............................................................49.2 56
1.1.3 Press freedom* ........................................................................................67.1 90
1.2 Regulatory environment ..................................................................64.6 79
1.2.1 Regulatory quality* ..............................................................................59.0 57
1.2.2 Rule of law* ...............................................................................................40.0 72
1.2.3 Cost of redundancy dismissal, salary weeks ........................18.1 86
1.3 Business environment ........................................................................55.0 101
1.3.1 Ease of starting a business* ............................................................90.8 33
1.3.2 Ease of resolving insolvency* ........................................................29.1 99
1.3.3 Ease of paying taxes* ..........................................................................45.1 126
2 Human capital & research ..........................25.1 86
2.1 Education ...................................................................................................33.9 100
2.1.1 Expenditure on education, % GDP ...............................................3.5 98
2.1.2 Gov’t expenditure/pupil, secondary, % GDP/cap .............10.3 97
2.1.3 School life expectancy, years .........................................................12.4 81
2.1.4 PISA scales in reading, maths, & science ..................................n/a n/a
2.1.5 Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary ......................................................14.2 49
2.2 Tertiary education .................................................................................39.5 50
2.2.1 Tertiary enrolment, % gross ............................................................41.8 60
2.2.2 Graduates in science & engineering, % ..................................22.0 39
2.2.3 Tertiary inbound mobility, % ............................................................n/a n/a
Gross capital formation, % GDP ...................................................28.6 25 O
4.2 Investment ................................................................................................31.8 85
4.2.1 Ease of protecting investors* .........................................................53.3 66
4.2.2 Market capitalization, % GDP.........................................................34.6 55
4.2.3 Total value of stocks traded, % GDP .............................................0.3 85
4.2.4 Venture capital deals/tr PPP$ GDP ...............................................n/a n/a
4.3 Trade & competition ...........................................................................64.2 126
4.3.1 Applied tariff rate, weighted mean, % ........................................7.6 110
4.3.2 Non-agricultural mkt access weighted tariff, % ....................4.6 131
4.3.3 Intensity of local competition†.....................................................66.2 68
5 Business sophistication ..............................37.7 42
5.1 Knowledge workers .............................................................................19.4 124
5.1.1 Knowledge-intensive employment, % ....................................24.4 56
5.1.2 Firms offering formal training, % firms .......................................8.6 103
5.1.3 GERD performed by business, % GDP ........................................0.0 86
5.1.4 GERD financed by business, % ........................................................0.2 85
5.1.5 GMAT test takers/mn pop. 20–34 ...............................................67.4 64
5.2 Innovation linkages .............................................................................49.6 18 O
5.2.1 University/industry research collaboration† ........................54.2 41
5.2.2 State of cluster development† .....................................................50.0 55
5.2.3 GERD financed by abroad, % .........................................................49.5 6 O
5.2.4 JV–strategic alliance deals/tr PPP$ GDP ...................................n/a n/a
5.2.5 Patent families filed in 3+ offices/bn PPP$ GDP ..................0.1 43
5.3 Knowledge absorption ......................................................................44.0 9 O
5.3.1 Royalty & license fees payments, % total trade .....................0.2 87
5.3.2 High-tech imports less re-imports, % ......................................21.3 4 O
5.3.3 Comm., computer & info. services imp., % total trade .....0.2 128
5.3.4 FDI net inflows, % GDP .........................................................................9.3 15 O
6 Knowledge & technology outputs ...........25.4 79
6.1 Knowledge creation ...............................................................................5.4 110
6.1.1 Domestic resident patent app./tr PPP$ GDP ..........................0.4 82
6.1.2 PCT resident patent app./tr PPP$ GDP .......................................0.3 57
6.1.3 Domestic res utility model app./tr PPP$ GDP ........................0.1 57
6.1.4 Scientific & technical articles/bn PPP$ GDP ............................5.6 103
6.1.5 Citable documents H index .........................................................106.0 60
6.2 Knowledge impact ...............................................................................29.3 109
6.2.1 Growth rate of PPP$ GDP/worker, % ..........................................n/a n/a
6.2.2 New businesses/th pop. 15–64 ....................................................14.1 5 O
I: Country/Economy Profiles
Key indicators
Population (millions) .............................................................................................................3.8
GDP (US$ billions) ................................................................................................................40.3
GDP per capita, PPP$ .................................................................................................... 16,658.1
Income group ........................................................................................... Upper-middle income
Region..................................................................................... Latin America and the Caribbean
Score (0–100)
or value (hard data) Rank
Global Innovation Index (out of 143) ................................. 38.3 52
Innovation Output Sub-Index ..................................................................................35.2 42
The Global Innovation Index 2014 Panama
The Human Factor in Innovation
Input Sub-Index .....................................................................................41.4 64
Efficiency Ratio.........................................................................................0.9 20 O
Global Innovation Index 2013 (out of 142) ..............................................................31.8 86
1 Institutions ....................................................59.7 75
1.1 Political environment ..........................................................................59.4 64
1.1.1 Political stability*....................................................................................61.9 80
1.1.2 Government effectiveness* ............................................................49.2 56
1.1.3 Press freedom* ........................................................................................67.1 90
1.2 Regulatory environment ..................................................................64.6 79
1.2.1 Regulatory quality* ..............................................................................59.0 57
1.2.2 Rule of law* ...............................................................................................40.0 72
1.2.3 Cost of redundancy dismissal, salary weeks ........................18.1 86
1.3 Business environment ........................................................................55.0 101
1.3.1 Ease of starting a business* ............................................................90.8 33
1.3.2 Ease of resolving insolvency* ........................................................29.1 99
1.3.3 Ease of paying taxes* ..........................................................................45.1 126
2 Human capital & research ..........................25.1 86
2.1 Education ...................................................................................................33.9 100
2.1.1 Expenditure on education, % GDP ...............................................3.5 98
2.1.2 Gov’t expenditure/pupil, secondary, % GDP/cap .............10.3 97
2.1.3 School life expectancy, years .........................................................12.4 81
2.1.4 PISA scales in reading, maths, & science ..................................n/a n/a
2.1.5 Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary ......................................................14.2 49
2.2 Tertiary education .................................................................................39.5 50
2.2.1 Tertiary enrolment, % gross ............................................................41.8 60
2.2.2 Graduates in science & engineering, % ..................................22.0 39
2.2.3 Tertiary inbound mobility, % ............................................................n/a n/a
4.2.1 Ease of protecting investors* .........................................................53.3 66
4.2.2 Market capitalization, % GDP.........................................................34.6 55
4.2.3 Total value of stocks traded, % GDP .............................................0.3 85
4.2.4 Venture capital deals/tr PPP$ GDP ...............................................n/a n/a
4.3 Trade & competition ...........................................................................64.2 126
4.3.1 Applied tariff rate, weighted mean, % ........................................7.6 110
4.3.2 Non-agricultural mkt access weighted tariff, % ....................4.6 131
4.3.3 Intensity of local competition†.....................................................66.2 68
5 Business sophistication ..............................37.7 42
5.1 Knowledge workers .............................................................................19.4 124
5.1.1 Knowledge-intensive employment, % ....................................24.4 56
5.1.2 Firms offering formal training, % firms .......................................8.6 103
5.1.3 GERD performed by business, % GDP ........................................0.0 86
5.1.4 GERD financed by business, % ........................................................0.2 85
5.1.5 GMAT test takers/mn pop. 20–34 ...............................................67.4 64
5.2 Innovation linkages .............................................................................49.6 18 O
5.2.1 University/industry research collaboration† ........................54.2 41
5.2.2 State of cluster development† .....................................................50.0 55
5.2.3 GERD financed by abroad, % .........................................................49.5 6 O
5.2.4 JV–strategic alliance deals/tr PPP$ GDP ...................................n/a n/a
5.2.5 Patent families filed in 3+ offices/bn PPP$ GDP ..................0.1 43
5.3 Knowledge absorption ......................................................................44.0 9 O
5.3.1 Royalty & license fees payments, % total trade .....................0.2 87
5.3.2 High-tech imports less re-imports, % ......................................21.3 4 O
5.3.3 Comm., computer & info. services imp., % total trade .....0.2 128
5.3.4 FDI net inflows, % GDP .........................................................................9.3 15 O
6 Knowledge & technology outputs ...........25.4 79
6.1 Knowledge creation ...............................................................................5.4 110
6.1.1 Domestic resident patent app./tr PPP$ GDP ..........................0.4 82
6.1.2 PCT resident patent app./tr PPP$ GDP .......................................0.3 57
6.1.3 Domestic res utility model app./tr ........................0.1 57
6.1.4 Scientific & technical articles/bn PPP$ GDP ............................5.6 103
6.1.5 Citable documents H index .........................................................106.0 60
6.2 Knowledge impact ...............................................................................29.3 109
6.2.1 Growth rate of PPP$ GDP/worker, % ..........................................n/a n/a
6.2.2 New businesses/th pop. 15–64 ....................................................14.1 5 O
239
I: Country/Economy Profiles
Key indicators
Population (millions) .............................................................................................................3.8
GDP (US$ billions) ................................................................................................................40.3
GDP per capita, PPP$ .................................................................................................... 16,658.1
Income group ........................................................................................... Upper-middle income
Region..................................................................................... Latin America and the Caribbean
Score (0–100)
or value (hard data) Rank
Global Innovation Index (out of 143) ................................. 38.3 52
Innovation Output Sub-Index ..................................................................................35.2 42
Innovation Input Sub-Index .....................................................................................41.4 64
Innovation Efficiency Ratio.........................................................................................0.9 20 O
Global Innovation Index 2013 (out of 142) ..............................................................31.8 86
1 Institutions ....................................................59.7 75
1.1 Political environment ..........................................................................59.4 64
1.1.1 Political stability*....................................................................................61.9 80
1.1.2 Government effectiveness* ............................................................49.2 56
1.1.3 Press freedom* ........................................................................................67.1 90
1.2 Regulatory environment ..................................................................64.6 79
1.2.1 Regulatory quality* ..............................................................................59.0 57
1.2.2 Rule of law* ...............................................................................................40.0 72
1.2.3 Cost of redundancy dismissal, salary weeks ........................18.1 86
1.3 Business environment ........................................................................55.0 101
1.3.1 Ease of starting a business* ............................................................90.8 33
1.3.2 Ease of resolving insolvency* ........................................................29.1 99
1.3.3 Ease of paying taxes* ..........................................................................45.1 126
2 Human capital & research ..........................25.1 86
3.3 Ecological sustainability ....................................................................45.6 39
3.3.1 GDP/unit of energy use, 2005 PPP$/kg oil eq ....................12.1 6 O
3.3.2 Environmental performance*........................................................56.8 55
3.3.3 ISO 14001 environmental certificates/bn PPP$ GDP ........0.3 101
4 Market sophistication .................................44.1 100
4.1 Credit .............................................................................................................36.3 66
4.1.1 Ease of getting credit* .......................................................................68.8 53
4.1.2 Domestic credit to private sector, % GDP .............................Panama
89.6 35
4.1.3 Microfinance gross loans, % GDP ..................................................0.9 38
4.2 Investment ................................................................................................31.8 85
4.2.1 Ease of protecting investors* .........................................................53.3 66
4.2.2 Market capitalization, % GDP.........................................................34.6 55
4.2.3 Total value of stocks traded, % GDP .............................................0.3 85
4.2.4 Venture capital deals/tr PPP$ GDP ...............................................n/a n/a
4.3 Trade & competition ...........................................................................64.2 126
4.3.1 Applied tariff rate, weighted mean, % ........................................7.6 110
4.3.2 Non-agricultural mkt access weighted tariff, % ....................4.6 131
4.3.3 Intensity of local competition†.....................................................66.2 68
5 Business sophistication ..............................37.7 42
5.1 Knowledge workers .............................................................................19.4 124
5.1.1 Knowledge-intensive employment, % ....................................24.4 56
5.1.2 Firms offering formal training, % firms .......................................8.6 103
5.1.3 GERD performed by business, % GDP ........................................0.0 86
5.1.4 GERD financed by business, % ........................................................0.2 85
5.1.5 GMAT test takers/mn pop. 20–34 ...............................................67.4 64
5.2 Innovation linkages .............................................................................49.6 18 O
5.2.1 University/industry research collaboration† ........................54.2 41
5.2.2 State of cluster development† .....................................................50.0 55
5.2.3 GERD financed by abroad, % .........................................................49.5 6 O
5.2.4 JV–strategic alliance deals/tr PPP$ GDP ...................................n/a n/a
5.2.5 Patent families filed in 3+ offices/bn PPP$ GDP ..................0.1 43
5.3 Knowledge absorption ......................................................................44.0 9 O
5.3.1 Royalty & license fees payments, % total trade .....................0.2 87
5.3.2 High-tech imports less re-imports, % ......................................21.3 4 O
5.3.3 Comm., computer & info. services imp., % total trade .....0.2 128
5.3.4 FDI net inflows, % GDP .........................................................................9.3 15 O
7.1.4 7.2 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.2.3 7.2.4 7.2.5 7.3 7.3.1 7.3.2 7.3.3 7.3.4 Key indicators
Population (millions) .............................................................................................................3.8
GDP (US$ billions) ................................................................................................................40.3
GDP per capita, PPP$ .................................................................................................... 16,658.1
Income group ........................................................................................... Upper-middle income
Region..................................................................................... Latin America and the Caribbean
Score (0–100)
or value (hard data) Rank
Global Innovation Index (out of 143) ................................. 38.3 52
Innovation Output Sub-Index ..................................................................................35.2 42
Innovation Input Sub-Index .....................................................................................41.4 64
Innovation Efficiency Ratio.........................................................................................0.9 20 O
Global Innovation Index 2013 (out of 142) ..............................................................31.8 86
1 Institutions ....................................................59.7 75
1.1 Political environment ..........................................................................59.4 64
1.1.1 Political stability*....................................................................................61.9 80
1.1.2 Government effectiveness* ............................................................49.2 56
1.1.3 Press freedom* ........................................................................................67.1 90
1.2 Regulatory environment ..................................................................64.6 79
1.2.1 Regulatory quality* ..............................................................................59.0 57
1.2.2 Rule of law* ...............................................................................................40.0 72
1.2.3 Cost of redundancy dismissal, salary weeks ........................18.1 86
1.3 Business environment ........................................................................55.0 101
1.3.1 Ease of starting a business* ............................................................90.8 33
1.3.2 Ease of resolving insolvency* ........................................................29.1 99
1.3.3 Ease of paying taxes* ..........................................................................45.1 126
2 Human capital & research ..........................25.1 86
2.1 Education ...................................................................................................33.9 100
2.1.1 Expenditure on education, % GDP ...............................................3.5 98
2.1.2 Gov’t expenditure/pupil, secondary, % GDP/cap .............10.3 97
2.1.3 School life expectancy, years .........................................................12.4 81
2.1.4 PISA scales in reading, maths, & science ..................................n/a n/a
2.1.5 Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary ......................................................14.2 49
2.2 Tertiary education .................................................................................39.5 50
2.2.1 Tertiary enrolment, % gross ............................................................41.8 60
4.2 Investment ................................................................................................31.8 85
4.2.1 Ease of protecting investors* .........................................................53.3 66
4.2.2 Market capitalization, % GDP.........................................................34.6 55
4.2.3 Total value of stocks traded, % GDP .............................................0.3 85
4.2.4 Venture capital deals/tr PPP$ GDP ...............................................n/a n/a
4.3 Trade & competition ...........................................................................64.2 126
4.3.1 Applied tariff rate, weighted mean, % ........................................7.6 110
4.3.2 Non-agricultural mkt access weighted tariff, % ....................4.6 131
4.3.3 Intensity of local competition†.....................................................66.2 68
5 Business sophistication ..............................37.7 42
5.1 Knowledge workers .............................................................................19.4 124
5.1.1 Knowledge-intensive employment, % ....................................24.4 56
5.1.2 Firms offering formal training, % firms .......................................8.6 103
5.1.3 GERD performed by business, % GDP ........................................0.0 86
5.1.4 GERD financed by business, % ........................................................0.2 85
5.1.5 GMAT test takers/mn pop. 20–34 ...............................................67.4 64
5.2 Innovation linkages .............................................................................49.6 18 O
5.2.1 University/industry research collaboration† ........................54.2 41
5.2.2 State of cluster development† .....................................................50.0 55
5.2.3 GERD financed by abroad, % .........................................................49.5 6 O
5.2.4 JV–strategic alliance deals/tr PPP$ GDP ...................................n/a n/a
5.2.5 Patent families filed in 3+ offices/bn PPP$ GDP ..................0.1 43
5.3 Knowledge absorption ......................................................................44.0 9 O
5.3.1 Royalty & license fees payments, % total trade .....................0.2 87
5.3.2 High-tech imports less re-imports, % ......................................21.3 4 O
5.3.3 Comm., computer & info. services imp., % total trade .....0.2 128
5.3.4 FDI net inflows, % GDP .........................................................................9.3 15 O
6 Knowledge & technology outputs ...........25.4 79
6.1 Knowledge creation ...............................................................................5.4 110
6.1.1 Domestic resident patent app./tr PPP$ GDP ..........................0.4 82
6.1.2 PCT resident patent app./tr PPP$ GDP .......................................0.3 57
6.1.3 Domestic res utility model app./tr PPP$ GDP ........................0.1 57
6.1.4 Scientific & technical articles/bn PPP$ GDP ............................5.6 103
6.1.5 Citable documents H index .........................................................106.0 60
6.2 Knowledge impact ...............................................................................29.3 109

11. Digital Innovation & Entrepreneurship:
Inspiración
+Co-creación
+Inteligencia
+Articulación
+Resultado
Capacitación + Comunidades + Innovación
D2I Institute + CoworkingPTY + Xpluk
OPEN INSPIRATION

12. Digital Innovation & Entrepreneurship:
Inspiración
+Co-creación
+Inteligencia
+Articulación
+Resultado
Capacitación + Comunidades + Innovación
D2I Institute + CoworkingPTY + Xpluk
OPEN INSPIRATION

16. If you want
results, focus
on learning, not
in results

17. Digital Innovation & Entrepreneurship:
Inspiración
+Co-creación
+Inteligencia
+Articulación
+Resultado
Capacitación + Comunidades + Innovación
D2I Institute + CoworkingPTY + Xpluk
De acuerdo a la figura 2.3, la información y conocimiento
previo generan asimetrías e inciden en las características
de las invenciones, así como también en el reconocimiento,
características, valoración y explotación de las oportunidades.
Esto implica que ciertas personas descubrirán oportunidades
que otras no y lo harán con distintos niveles de esfuerzo, e
incluso a veces sin buscarlas.
La detección, evaluación y estrategia de explotación de
oportunidades, depende tanto de la capacidad del individuo
para detectarlas, como de la distribución de información. Sin
embargo, ninguno de estos factores implica que el resultado
EMPRENDEDOR
El emprendedor es una persona con resiliencia y orientación
al logro, agrega valor a la sociedad, buscando explotar
oportunidades, a partir de la creación de un nuevo proceso,
De acuerdo a la figura 2.3, la información y conocimiento
previo generan asimetrías e inciden en las características
de las invenciones, así como también en el reconocimiento,
características, valoración y explotación de las oportunidades.
Esto implica que ciertas personas descubrirán oportunidades
que otras no y lo harán con distintos niveles de esfuerzo, e
incluso a veces sin buscarlas.
La detección, evaluación y estrategia de explotación de
oportunidades, depende tanto de la capacidad del individuo
para detectarlas, como de la distribución de información. Sin
embargo, ninguno de estos factores implica que el resultado
final del emprendimiento sea exitoso. Asumiendo lo anterior,
se puede definir oportunidad emprendedora como:
La detección, evaluación y explotación de un proceso,
producto u organización, a partir de las capacidades
individuales y la distribución de la información.
Esta definición de oportunidad emprendedora, junto a la de-finición
de emprendedor propuesta anteriormente y a la de
emprendimiento de Shane y Venkataraman (2000), permiten
elaborar las siguientes conceptualizaciones alternativas de
emprendedor y emprendimiento:
final del emprendimiento sea exitoso. Asumiendo lo anterior,
se puede definir oportunidad emprendedora como:
La detección, evaluación y explotación de un proceso,
producto u organización, a partir de las capacidades
individuales y la distribución de la información.
Esta definición de oportunidad emprendedora, junto a la de-finición
producto u organización.
de emprendedor propuesta anteriormente y a la de
EMPRENDIMIENTO
emprendimiento de Shane y Venkataraman (2000), permiten
elaborar las siguientes conceptualizaciones alternativas de
emprendedor y emprendimiento:
Innovación
tecnológica
Propuesta de
explotación
FIGURA N° 2.3: Información y detección de oportunidades
Fuente: Elaboración propia en base a Shane (2000)
Conocimiento
previo
Reconocimiento
de una oportunidad
El emprendimiento es la actividad que involucra la detección,
evaluación y explotación de oportunidades para introducir
productos, procesos y crear organizaciones.
EMPRENDEDOR

18. Digital Innovation & Entrepreneurship:
Inspiración
+Co-creación
+Inteligencia
+Articulación
+Resultado
Capacitación + Comunidades + Innovación
D2I Institute + CoworkingPTY + Xpluk
EMPRENDIMIENTO EN CHILE
FIGURA N°2.4: Modelo Consorcio GEM
Fuente: Consorcio GEM
Contexto
político,
social y
cultural
general
Requerimientos básicos
- Instituciones
- Estabilidad macroeconómica
- Salud y educación primaria
Potencial de eficiencia
- Educación superior y formación
- Eficiencia del mercado de bienes
- Eficiencia del mercado laboral
- Mercado financiero sofisticado
- Preparación tecnológica
- Tamaño del mercado
Innovación y emprendimiento
- Financiamiento al emprendimiento
- Políticas de Gobierno
- Programas gubernamentales de
emprendimiento
- Educación emprendedora
- Transferencia del I+D
- Infraestructura legal y comercial para
emprendedores
- Apertura del mercado
- Infraestructura física
- Normas sociales y culturales
Empresas establecidas
(Economía primaria)
Nuevas sucursales,
crecimiento de la empresa
EMPRENDIMIENTO
Actitudes
- Percepción de oportunidades
- Percepción de capacidades
Actividades
- Fase inicial
- Persistencia
- Salidas
Aspiraciones
- Crecimiento
- Innovación
- Creación de valor social
Crecimiento
económico
nacional
(Empleo de
técnicas de
Innovación)

19. Digital Innovation & Entrepreneurship:
Inspiración
+Co-creación
+Inteligencia
+Articulación
+Resultado
Capacitación + Comunidades + Innovación
D2I Institute + CoworkingPTY + Xpluk
OPEN INSPIRATION
Recomendaciones para emprendedores {digitales}:
!
1. +conocimiento = +oportunidades
2. Toma conciencia de tu ignorancia
3. Cuál es tu plan de aprendizaje continuo?
4. Acumular conocimiento no es eficiente sino lo aplicas
5. Transforma conocimiento en inteligencia
6. Define tu método de des-aprendizaje
7. Revisa el ROK (return of knowledge)

20. Digital Innovation & Entrepreneurship:
Inspiración
+Co-creación
+Inteligencia
+Articulación
+Resultado
Capacitación + Comunidades + Innovación
D2I Institute + CoworkingPTY + Xpluk
OPEN INSPIRATION
¿Qué es ROK (Return On Knowledge)?
MODELO ACTUAL
KNOWLEDGE
(Cantidad de información)
ROK =
COST (horas / euros)
MODELO ORIENTADO A
APRENDIZAJE
Impact of KNOWLEDGE
(nuevas ideas)
ROK =
Cost of Oportunity
(ahorro)

21. Digital Innovation & Entrepreneurship:
Inspiración
+Co-creación
+Inteligencia
+Articulación
+Resultado
Capacitación + Comunidades + Innovación
D2I Institute + CoworkingPTY + Xpluk
OPEN INSPIRATION
“El analfabeto del futuro
no será el que no sepa
leer o escribir sino el que
no sea capaz de
desaprender para volver
a aprender”
Alvin Toffler en “The third wave” (La tercera ola)

22. RAFAEL IGUAL
CEO & FOUNDER D2I INSTITUTE
rafa@d2ipanama.co
PA: +507 6563-7628
PEDRO COLMENARES
CEO & FOUNDER COWORKINGPTY
pedro@xpluk.com
PA: +507 6271-1914
No pierdas ésta oportunidad para
profundizar en ideas, proyectos,
conocimiento, participación y
networking en el Ecosistema de
Innovación y Emprendimiento
Digital de Panamá, gracias a
WebCongress evento de
Marketing Digital con mayor
cobertura y difusión
internacional de habla hispana.
OSCAR PÁEZ V.
DIRECTOR COWORKINGPTY MEDIA
opaezv@opaezv.com
PA: +507 6677-3111