1. CHAPTER 6
Presented By: Cyra Mae R. Soreda

2. COMMERCIALLYAND INDUSTRIALLY
IMPORTANCE OF HALIDES

3.  An organic compound containing at least
one carbon-halogen bond (C-X)
 X (F, Cl, Br, I) replaces H
 Can contain many C-X bonds
3

4. Hydrocarbons can also contain other atoms, such as
halogens (F, Cl, Br, I). Halogen atoms are treated
like branching alkyl groups.
Halogen Group Name
F fluoro
C chloro
Br bromo
I iodo

5.  An alkyl halide is classified according to the
kind of carbon that bears the halogen.
 Alkyl halides are classified into three classes:
 Primary Alkyl Halide (Iº RX)
 Secondary Alkyl Halide (2º RX)
 Tertiary Alkyl Halide (3º RX)

6.  When one hydrogen atom of methyl group is
replaced by an alkyl group, then the carbon of
the substituted methyl is called Primary
carbon atom.
CH3-CH2-I (Ethyl iodide)
For example:

7.  When two hydrogen atoms of methyl group
are replace by any alkyl group, then the
carbon atom of substituted methyl is called
secondary carbon atom..
For example:

8.  When three hydrogen atoms of methyl
groups are replaced by any alkyl group, then
the carbon atom of the substituted methyl is
calledTertiary carbon atom.
For example:

10. CH3 CH CH3
Cl
CH3CH2F
(CH3)3CBr

11.  The two that are most widely used are:
 SYSTEMATIC NAME (IUPAC name)
 ALTERNATIVE NAME (common names)
 Both types can be applied to alcohols and
alkyl halides.

12.  Find and name the parent chain. As naming alkanes,
select the longest chain as the parent chain.
 Number the parent chain. Always number the chain
beginning at the end nearer the first substituent,
regardless of whether t is alkyl or halo.
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13.  If more than one of the same kind of
halogen is present, number each and use of
the prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, and so on. For
example,
1,3-dichloro-3-methylbutane

14.  If different halogens are present, number
each according to its position. List all
substituents in alphabetical order .

15.  Begin at the end nearer the substituent whose name
comes first in the alphabet
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16.  Give names for the following:
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17.  Give names for the following:
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Iodobutane
1-chloro-3-methylbutane
1,5-dibromo-2,2-dimethylpentane
1,3-dichloro-3-methylbutane
1-chloro-3-ethyl-4-iodopentane
2-bromo-5-chlorohexane

18.  Treat halogen as parent with alkyl side
group
 Name as alkyl halide.
 Useful only for small alkyl groups.
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19.  The family called alkyl halides does not have
a suffix.
 Halides are always named as prefixes.
 Fluorine is called “fluoro”
 Chlorine is called “chloro”
 Bromine is called “bromo”
 Iodine is called “iodo”

20. Name the alkyl group and the halogen as
separate words (alkyl + halide)
CH3F
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2Cl
CH3CH2CHCH2CH2CH3
Br
H
I

21.  Give names for the following:
21
butyl iodide)
(isopentyl chloride)
CH3 CH CH2CH3
Cl
CH3 CH
CH3
CH2F

22.  CH2X2 called methylene halide.
 CHX3 is a haloform.
 CX4 is carbon tetrahalide.
 Examples:
 CH2Cl2 is methylene chloride
 CHCl3 is chloroform
 CCl4 is carbon tetrachloride.
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Chapter 6 22

23.  Geminal dihalide: two halogen atoms are
bonded to the same carbon
 Vicinal dihalide: two halogen atoms are
bonded to adjacent carbons.
C
H
H
H
C
H
Br
Br
geminal dihalide
C
H
H
Br
C
H
H
Br
vicinal dihalide

24.  Solvents - degreasers and dry cleaning fluid
 Reagents for synthesis of other compounds
 Anesthetic: Halothane is CF3CHClBr
 CHCl3 used originally (toxic and carcinogenic)
 Freons, chlorofluorocarbons or CFC’s
 Freon 12, CF2Cl2, now replaced with Freon 22, CF2CHCl,
not as harmful to ozone layer.
 Pesticides - DDT banned in U.S.

25.  Some uses:
Fire-resistant solvents
Refrigerants
Pharmaceuticals and precursors